scholarly journals ON THE HISTORY OF EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT AMONG THE NOGAIS OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS (XVII–XX CENTURIES)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-156
Author(s):  
Madina B. Gimbatova ◽  
Zaida Z. Zineeva
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Literary Form ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Education Development ◽  
The North ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Qualitative Level ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article is devoted to one of the poorly studied issues in historical science – the formation and development of education among Nogais. The relevance of the study is due to the importance of education as a basic component of the spiritual culture of an ethnic group, the focus of the research outcome on promoting the cultural growth of the modern Nogais, preserving their ethnocultural identity, and strengthening ethnic self-awareness. The methodological and theoretical basis of the study lies in the principle of historicism, as well as historical-comparative and historical-typological methods. Based on the new archival documents and field material, the stages of public education of the Nogais have been identified as follows: pre-revolutionary (pre-Soviet), Soviet and post-Soviet. With the adoption of Islam by the Nogais around 1254–1256, a whole network of maktabs and madrasas emerged in the Nogai steppe, in which students studied the foundations of Islam, Arabic script and literature, works of advanced scientific thought and Oriental literature. After the inclusion of territories with the Nogai population into the Russian Empire, secular schools and colleges were opened, in which, thanks to the influence of progressive Russian culture, Nogai learned the achievements of world culture and joined the all-Russian cultural field. In the XIX century, the Nogai education produced literary men, enlighteners and public figures, who were notable not only in Russia but also in the countries of the Middle East. With the establishment of Soviet rule in the country, illiteracy among the Nogais was eliminated. The emergence of national schools and teachers of the native language served the formation of the Soviet Nogai intelligentsia. Its most important merit was the creation of a new Nogai written language, its modern literary form, educational and reference literature in the Nogai language. In the conclusion, the Nogai public education, having passed certain stages in its formation and development, has reached a new qualitative level that meets the requirements of the Russian educational system.

The “Armenian Question” in the ethno-confessional policy of late imperial Russia: strategies, compromises and ways of resolution (review of the North Caucasus)

2021 ◽  
pp. 193-202
Author(s):  
Olga B. Khalidova
Keyword(s):  
Self Awareness ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
The North ◽  
International Diplomacy ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Revolutionary Situation ◽  
Armenian Population

The model of the late imperial development of relations between the state and the believer in Russia was considered in accordance with the legal confessional sequence. The peculiarity was that sometimes the privilege of one or another religion was determined by its national political significance. There were often correlations with foreign policy, in the course of which the national question acquired the importance of international diplomacy. Proceeding from this, the subject of the study is the “Armenian Question” in the political context and its influence on the internal governance of the Armenian population in the empire. In this regard, the we set the goal of ex-amining the features of the development of the symbiosis of ethno-confessional policy with for-eign policy relations between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire since the second half of the 19th century on the example of the North Caucasus region. The relevance of this study is dictated by the growing problem at the present stage of maintaining the unity and integrity of the country in the context of the post-Soviet surge of national self-awareness. As a method of scientific research, we consider it necessary to use the method of historical retrospection, which made it possible to plunge into the experience of the imperial predecessors, in their attempt to integrate microsociums into a single political and cultural field, to analyze and synthesize the results obtained. The result of this study is the opinion about the initial patronage of the Armenian population and the Armenian Gregorian Church, the purpose of which was to win them over as the Christian population, thereby causing competition with Turkey in the international arena. However, gradually this policy led to a cooling, one of the reasons for which was the implementation from the early 1880s course for the Russification of the outskirts, as well as the growth of the general revolutionary situation in the Caucasus.

2ND INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC FORUM "CASPIAN REGION 2021: WAYS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT" MAY 26-28 2021, ASTRAKHAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-135
Author(s):  
FEDOTOVA ANNA V. ◽  
◽  
KOSMACHEVA OLGA YU. ◽  
KOLESNIKOVA ELENA M. ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Caspian Region ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Education Development ◽  
Youth Policy ◽  
Science System ◽  
The North

The article gives an overview of the scientific forum "Caspian Region 2021: Ways of Sustainable Development" held on May 26-28, 2021 in the city of Astrakhan on the basis of the Astrakhan State University. The brief overview introduces the main directions of the forum related to the priority vectors of the Caspian macro-region development, touching upon the issues of cooperation in the scientific and educational sphere on the scale of the Great Caspian Sea, the development of the transport and logistics cluster, integrated safety and security in the context of the economic, cultural, environmental and geopolitical components, youth policy and education development issues. The International Scientific Forum "Caspian Region 2021: Ways of Sustainable Development" united leaders of the science system, higher education and youth policy, leading scientists, experts of higher education and will become the driver of the Year of Science and Technology in Russia. More than 20 events took place within the framework of the Forum: panel discussions, a national conference with international participation, a meeting of the Commission on Science, Research and Technology of the Association of State Universities of the Caspian Countries, a joint meeting of the Council of Rectors of Universities of the Southern Federal District and the North Caucasus Federal District, a meeting of the Caspian Discussion Club, round tables, excursions, presentations, lectures on relevant topics.

scholarly journals INTEGRATION OF THE POLES INTO THE SOCIO-CULTURAL SPACE OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS (LATE 18TH – FIRST HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY)

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
С.Г. МИРЗОЕВА ◽  
Е.Х. АПАЖЕВА
Keyword(s):  
Radical Change ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
White Spots ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century

С конца восемнадцатого столетия Российская империя постепенно усиливает свое присутствие на Северном Кавказе. В этой связи разные этнические группы, в том числе и поляки, все активней начинают появляться в этом регионе, поскольку он уже находится под контролем России. Источники проникновения на Кавказ были разные: во-первых, это российские служащие со своими семьями, попавшие в состав России после разделов Речи Посполитой и отправленные на службу на Северный Кавказ вследствие внутренних ротаций, и, во-вторых – ученые и коммивояжеры, увидевшие в этом крае безопасное и привлекательное место после начала освоения его Россией. Процесс переселения поляков в данный регион является актуальным вопросом и на сегодняшний день, так как его изучение дает возможность проследить слияние совершено разных культур и их благотворное влияние друг на друга. Культурно-просветительская деятельность поляков в северокавказском регионе в XIX в. проявилась в строительстве польских церквей – костелов, организации школ, благоустройстве городов и сел, открытии курортов. Просветительская деятельность, сохранение традиций, обычаев, менталитета, культуры народа были необходимы прежде всего самим полякам, так как они попали в совершенно новое культурное пространство. Since the end of the eighteenth century, the Russian Empire has gradually increased its presence in the North Caucasus. In this regard, different ethnic groups, including Poles, are increasingly beginning to appear in this region. They now do not perceive it as something terrible, since these territories since these territories are already under the control of Russia. The sources of their penetration into the Caucasus were different: firstly, these were Russian employees with their families who fell into Russia after the partitions of the Commonwealth and were sent to serve in the North Caucasus due to internal rotations, and secondly, scientists and traveling salesmen who saw in this region a safe and attractive place after the start of development by Russia. A radical change in the situation in Russia in terms of eliminating the “white spots” of history, the openness of archives, enable modern researchers to study moral, spiritual, social, cultural and national problems in Russia in general, and in the North Caucasus, in particular. The process of resettlement of Poles in this region is a topical issue today, since its study makes it possible to trace the merger of completely different cultures and their beneficial influence on each other. The cultural and educational activities of Poles in the North Caucasus region in the nineteenth century manifested itself in the construction of Polish churches - churches, the organization of schools, the improvement of cities and villages, the opening of resorts. Educational activities, preservation of traditions, customs, mentality, and culture of the people were necessary primarily for the Poles themselves, since they found themselves in a completely new cultural space.

Muslims in Russia and the Successor States

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Muslim Communities

The history of Muslim populations in Russia and other former republics of the Soviet Union is long and varied. In a Pew–Templeton poll conducted in Russia in 2010, 10 percent of respondents stated that their religion was Islam, while Muslims also make up a majority of the population in six post-Soviet republics: Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Muslims have long lived in regions across Russia, with far-flung communities ranging from distant outposts of Siberia to western cities like Moscow and St. Petersburg. At the beginning of the 20th century, there were more Muslims in the Russian Empire than there were in Iran or the Ottoman Empire, the two largest independent Muslim-majority states in the world at the time. Historically, the Muslim communities of Russia have been concentrated in four main regions: the Volga–Ural region in central Russia, the Crimea, the Caucasus, and Central Asia. While Muslim communities across former Soviet space share both differences and similarities with one another with regard to language and religious practices, their respective relations with the various Russian states that have existed over the years have varied. Moreover, Russian and Soviet policymaking toward all of these communities has shifted considerably from one era, and one ruler, to another. Throughout the imperial and Soviet eras, and extending into the post-Soviet era up to the present day, therefore, the existence of variations with regard to both era and region remains one of the most enduring legacies of Muslim–state interactions. Muslims in Russia vary by traditions, language, ethnicity, religious beliefs, and practices, and with respect to their historical interactions with the Russian state. The four historically Muslim-inhabited regions were incorporated into the Russian state at different points during its imperial history, often under quite sharply contrasting sets of conditions. Today most, but not all, Muslims in Russia and the rest of the former USSR are Sunni, although the manner and degree to which religion is practiced varies greatly among both communities and individuals. With respect to language, Muslim communities in Russia have traditionally been dominated demographically by Turkic speakers, although it should be noted that most Turkic languages are not mutually comprehensible in spoken form. In the North Caucasus and Tajikistan, the most widely spoken indigenous languages are not Turkic, although in these areas there are Turkic-speaking minorities. Another important feature of Muslim–state interactions in Russia is their connection to Muslims and Muslim-majority states beyond Russia’s borders. Throughout the imperial era, Russia’s foreign policymaking vis-à-vis the Ottoman Empire and Iran was often intimately connected to domestic policymaking toward Muslim communities inside Russia. While this was a less pronounced feature of Moscow’s foreign policymaking during the Soviet era, in the post-Soviet era, policymaking toward Muslims domestically has once again become more closely linked to Russia’s foreign policy goals.

scholarly journals SECTARIAN COLONIZATION OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS IN THE CONTEXT OF INTEGRATIVE PRACTICES OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE 19TH - EARLY 20TH CENTURIES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF DAGESTAN)

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Olga B. Khalidova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Political Field ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Demographic Background ◽  
Religious Aspect

The article analyzes one of the aspects of the domestic Caucasian policy of the Russian Empire which facilitates the involvement of the territory and the population in the all-Russian socio-political field in this article. Resettlement policy became one of the forms of integration. The result of this practice was not only economic development of the region, but also a change in its socio-demographic background by resettling mainly the East Slavic population with the aim of strengthening the Russian component in the social structure of the population. Russian policy of settlement of the prairies regions of the North Caucasus, having the colonization in nature, has not only become one of the main factors of national, social and religious variegation of the region. One of the key components of migration was the religious aspect. Focusing on the religion of immigrants, the Russian government has contributed to the spread of not only the Orthodox religion in the region, but also the appearance here of the sectarians...

scholarly journals The Beginning of the Development of Oil Fields in Ural-Volga Region in 1930s—1940s

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 323-336
Author(s):  
E. V. Bodrova ◽  
V. V. Kalinov ◽  
V. N. Krasivskaya
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
The North ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Government

The relevance of the study is determined by the significance of the accumulation of everything positive from the historical experience of implementing national projects, including the formation of the country’s oil and gas complex. On the basis of archival documents, issues related to the evolution of state policy in the field of searching for new oil fields in the Ural-Volga region on the eve and during the Great Patriotic War are considered. The novelty of the study is determined not only by the introduction of previously unpublished documents into scientific circulation, but also by an attempt to analyze the ongoing discussions about the prospects of this oil region, very contradictory decisions of the government in this regard. Attention is focused on such a miscalculation of the Soviet government in the pre-war period as a stake on the development of oil production, primarily in Azerbaijan and the North Caucasus. It has been proven that as a result, the oil workers of the Second Baku felt a lack of funds, equipment, and qualified personnel. It is concluded that as a result, only the first half of 1944 was marked by the largest event in the oil industry of our country: scientists confirmed the assumptions that there are multilayer oil fields in the area between the Volga and the Urals. The authors of the article argue that the discovery of new deposits was of strategic importance for the industrialization of the country, and later for the supply of oil products to the rear and front. It is emphasized that the development of the Devonian deposits of the Ural-Volga region, which began in 1944, became the basis for a sharp increase in oil production in this region.

scholarly journals Land and interethnic relations in the North Caucasus in the XIX - early XX centuries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.Д. Дзидзоев
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
The North ◽  
Soviet Literature ◽  
Internal Policy ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Revolutionary Period

В статье рассматриваются сложнейшие проблемы взаимоотношений коренных народов Северного Кавказа в дореволюционный период. Особенно выделяются этнополитические противоречия между казаками и коренными народами, включая также так называемых иногородних, под которыми здесь следует понимать русских, украинцев и представителей других славянских народов. Основное внимание уделяется ущербной внутренней политике Российской империи, которая, как показано в статье, создавала большие привилегии для казачества, наделяя их лучшими земельными участками, а коренные народы, которые в советской литературе традиционно назывались горцами, лишались элементарных земельных прав. The article deals with the most complex problems of relations between the indigenous peoples of the North Caucasus in the pre-revolutionary period. The ethnopolitical contradictions between the Cossacks and the indigenous peoples, including the so-called nonresidents, which should be understood as Russians, Ukrainians and representatives of other Slavic peoples, are particularly highlighted. The main attention is paid to the fl awed internal policy of the Russian Empire, which, as shown in the article, created great privileges for the Cossacks, giving them the best land plots, and the indigenous peoples, who were traditionally called highlanders in Soviet literature, were deprived of elementary land rights.

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