scholarly journals PARTISIPASI WANITA DALAM REHABILITASI HUTAN MANGROVE DI DESA INALATAN KECAMATAN BONUBOGU KABUPATEN BUOL

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Murni Djabar
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Interview Technique ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Forest Rehabilitation

Coastal women, especially housewives generally in Indonesia, including in the district of Buol has a very big role in the activities of earning a living for his family. The participation of coastal women in mangrove forest rehabilitation activities is an effort to empower coastal women to become one of the driving forces of successful mangrove forest rehabilitation. This research aims to examine the participation of Coastal Women in supporting Mangrove forest rehabilitation in Inalatan Village Bunobogu District Buol Regency viewed from the aspect of community understanding about rehabilitation mangrove forest and the form of participation or community participation in mangrove forest rehabilitation activities. The community participation studied in this research is related to individual community participation in mangrove forest rehabilitation activities, the target of the community taken in this research is from 30 female respondents through questionnaire interview technique. This research was conducted in coastal area of Inaktif Village Bunobogu District Buol Regency for 2 months tehitung from January until February 2018. The method of analysis used in this research is using qualitative descriptive analysis method.The results of this study can be seen based on the daily activities of the community in the household for 24 hours, the understanding of the women community on the rehabilitation activities, the participation of women in planning activities, implementation activities and evaluation activities of reforestation of mangrove forests, the fifth form of community participation in this research is including in the category of high forms of community participation because all forms of partipasi exceeds the average percentage above 50%

scholarly journals KAJIAN KENYAMANAN DAN KEAMANAN WISATAWAN DI KAWASAN PARIWISATA KUTA LOMBOK

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahyu Khalik
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Hygiene Factors ◽  
Parking Management ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tourism Potential

Comfort and security are vital factors in tourism destination of Kuta Lombok with great tourism potential. However, this potential will not be desirable if the conditions are not created by comfort and security. This proves that there are factors that affect the comfort, community understanding of tourism awareness, and community participation in comfort and security of tourists. The study was conducted aimed to determine the factors that affect comfort and safety, the level of community understanding of tourism awareness, and community participation in the comfort and security of tourists in Kuta Lombok tourism.This study examines the comfort and safety of tourists in tourism of Kuta Lombok are included in the descriptive study. Therefore, the research conducted through a qualitative approach. Methods of data collection through observation, interview and documentation. Decision is determined by the method of purposive, with 15 informants. The theory applied is the theory of structural functionalism which analyzed the factors and community participation, and motivation theory is applied to analyze the level of community understanding about tourism awareness.The analysis results of research conducted by qualitative descriptive analysis presents the results of research through a narrative supported by photographs. The results of this study suggests that the comfort and safety factor is  influenced by the low level of community understanding in the elements of tourism awareness through Sapta Pesona. The low raises community understanding of factors that affect comfort and safety as a factor of environmental aspects of parking management and environmental hygiene, factors of economic activity and the hawkers aspects trasnportation service providers as well as factors in the aspect of tourism access roads were damaged. Community participation in the comfort and security of tourists is not functioning optimally. This is caused by unsynchronization between organizations. Forms of community participation in the form of the participation into the organization and the coast guard and empowerment of communities in the festival. Based on those results of the three studies, the government of Central Lombok is expected especially for Culture and Tourism Department particular attention to the factors that affect comfort and safety, and the formation of tourism awareness with benchmarks Sapta Pesona.

scholarly journals PERAN MASYARAKAT DESA SEJAHTERA DALAM PENGELOLAAN WISATA HUTAN MANGROVE DI KECAMATAN SUKADANA KABUPATEN KAYONG UTARA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
. Wahyuti ◽  
Iskandar A M ◽  
Gusti Hardiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
National Park ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Implementation Evaluation ◽  
Village Community ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
Analysis Technique

The community role is needed in the implementation of mangrove forest tourism management, especially in planning activities. The role of the community is the involvement of community itself in the development activities, both in the planning, implementation, evaluation, and the stages of esnjoying the results of the development itself. The purpose in this descriptive qualitative study was to determine the role of community in managing mangrove forest tourism in the subdistrict of Sukadana of Kayong Utara regency. Data collection techniques consist of observation, interviews, and documentation. While the analysis was carried out with descriptive analysis technique. The results of this study indicate that the role of of the sejahtera village community in managing mangrove forest tourism is limited to the maintenance of natural resources, maintenance of cleanliness and nursery of mangrove forests. Due to mangrove forest management is still fully managed by The Gunung Palung National Park Agency, the role of the community in the management of tourism in mangrove forests is still low. Therefore, the involvement of the surrounding community needs special attention and other related parties in utilizing mangrove forest tourism.Keyword: community role, mangrove forest, themanagement of mangrove tourism

scholarly journals Society’s Participation Model For Mangrove Rehabilitation in Cempa District, Pinrang Regency

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Nurul Azmi
Keyword(s):  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Mangrove Rehabilitation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Forest Rehabilitation

This study aims to determine: 1) The level of society support in the rehabilitation of mangrove forests. 2) Model ofsociety participation in the rehabilitation of mangrove forests. The population in this study was 721 people, a sample was72 people. The sampling technique used is proportional random sampling. Data collection using observation techniques, interviews, and questionnaires. Data analysis using descriptive interpretative. The results showed that the level of knowledge and society support about mangrove forest rehabilitation is good enough. The model of society  participation is that they are directly involved in the rehabilitation of mangrove forest starting from the planning stage, which is to provide aspirations in the form of concepts, ideas. Designing the concept to be implemented. Planting, they participates in the provision of seeds and planting. Establish working groups led by community leaders or chairmen of working groups. Maintenance, participate in mangrove csssare from the re-planting of mangroves that diaman dead and eradicate the pests that attack the mangrove seeds, and finally the Supervision, in this stage  they forbid anyone to remove, cut the mangrove that has been planted. The government also participates in the supervision and make the rule of giving sanctions to those who deliberately destroy the mangrove ecosystem.

scholarly journals PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PELESTARIAN DANAU TONDANO DI KABUPATEN MINAHASA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
Herling A Watania ◽  
Ellen Eva Poli ◽  
Xaverius Erick Lobja
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Lake Ecosystem ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Village Government

The research objective was to determine and describe how the participation and role of the community around Lake Tondano to preserve Lake Tondano from the silting process. To get accurate data, there are several ways to collect data which are often called data collection techniques, including (1) Interview, (2) Observation, (3) Documentation study. This research uses qualitative methods with qualitative descriptive analysis, namely by collecting, managing, presenting, and describing the research results as they are. Based on the results of the research, it is known that the form of community participation in the rehabilitation of Lake Tondano includes: (a) Community participation in the South Tondano sub-district is actively planting replacement trees around the lake, making terraces in the hills around the lake, continuous socialization to the community around the lake, and The community no longer throws plastic waste into waterways, either sewers or rivers, so that the lake ecosystem is maintained. Another participation is that the local community is also obliged to provide information to the sub-district or village government if there are people who try to destroy the forest carelessly around the lake and people who deliberately dump plastic waste on a large scale into waterways in the form of ditches and rivers. Also, the local community has followed government regulations regarding the preservation of Lake Tondano; (b) Other types of participation contributed by the community in South Tondano sub-district, including; a) participation of ideas or ideas, b) participation of personnel, c) participation of assets, d) participation of skills and skills and e) social participation. Forms of community participation in the environmental conservation of Lake Tondano are in the form of; a) active participation, b) passive participation.

scholarly journals Strategi Pengelolaan Hutan Mangrove Di Desa Tanggul Tlare Kecamatan Kedung Kabupaten Jepara

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bekti Utomo ◽  
Sri Budiastuty ◽  
Chatarina Muryani
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Forest Rehabilitation ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling

Pengelolaan hutan mangrove merupakan hal yang penting dalam mengupayakan pelestarian lingkungan di kawasan pesisir. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui dampak kegiatan rehabilitasi hutan mangrove dan strategi pengelolaan hutan mangrove di Desa Tanggul Tlare, Kecamatan Kedung, Kabupaten Jepara.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan survei dengan wawancara langsung dan pengamatan lapangan. Populasi adalah seluruh penduduk pesisir di daerah penelitian, teknik pengampilan sampel menggunakan “cluster random sampling”. Dampak yang ditimbulkan dengan adanya rehabilitasi hutan mangrove di daerah penelitian adalah meningkatnya hasil tangkapanikan, mengurangi abrasi pantai, menahantiupan angin laut, semakin banyak tangkapan biota (udang, kepiting, kerang) di pesisir, danmenjadikan kawasan tersebut menjadidaerah objek wisata. Strategi yang perlu dilakukan dalam pengelolaan hutan mangrove diantaranya yaitu memanfaatkan potensi yang ada dengan dengan melakukan penanaman pohon mangrove, membentuk kawasan hutan lindung konservasi hutan mangrove agar kawasan hutan mangrove tetap terjaga baik dan lestari, memberikan sosialisasi atau pemahaman kepada masyarakat akan pentingnya menjaga hutan mangrove dan manfaat yang didapat oleh masyarakat, pentingnya kemajuan teknologi dan memberikan beasiswa kepada masyarakat yang dikira berkompeten dan aktif dalam rehabilitasi mangrove untuk melanjutkan sekolah yang lebih tinggi agar ilmu pengetahuan yang didapat bisa memberikan kontribusi yang positif untuk pengelolaan hutan mangrove yang ideal..Kata kunci: hutan mangrove, masyarakat, pengelolaanEnglish Title: Mangrove Forest Management Strategy In The Village Of Environmental Tlare District Kedung District JeparaABSTRACTManagement of mangrove forests is an important aspect in the effort to conserve the environment in coastal areas. The purpose of this research is to know the impact of mangrove forest rehabilitation and mangrove forest management strategy in Tanggul Tlare Village, Kedung Sub-district, Jepara Regency. This research uses survey approach with direct interview and field observation. Population is the entire coastal population in the study area, sample technique using cluster random sampling. The impacts of mangrove forest rehabilitation in the study area were increased fish catch, reduced coastal abrasion, retained wind breeze, more biota catches (shrimp, crabs, shells) on the coast, and made the area a tourist destination. Strategies that need to be done in the management of mangrove forests include the utilization of existing potentials by planting mangrove trees, establishing protected forest areas of mangrove forest conservation so that the mangrove forest area is maintained well and sustainably, providing socialization or understanding to the community about the importance of maintaining mangrove forests and Benefits gained by the community, the importance of technological advancement and providing scholarships to people who are thought to be competent and active in mangrove rehabilitation to continue their higher education so that the knowledge gained can contribute positively to the management of the ideal mangrove forests.Keywords: mangrove forest, community, managementCitation: Utomo, B., Budiastuti, S dan Muryani, C. (2017). Strategi Pengelolaan Hutan Mangrove Di Desa Tanggul Tlare Kecamatan Kedung Kabupaten Jepara. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 15(2), 117-123, doi:10.14710/jil.15.2.117-123

scholarly journals Degradation level of mangrove forest and its reduction strategy in Tabongo Village, Boalemo District, Gorontalo Province, Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
ABUBAKAR SIDIK KATILI ◽  
MUSTAMIN IBRAHIM ◽  
ZULIANTO ZAKARIA
Keyword(s):  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Rhizophora Mucronata ◽  
Educational Approach ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Reduction Strategy ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata

Katili AS, Ibrahim M, Zakaria Z. 2017. Degradation level of mangrove forest and its reduction strategy in Tabongo Village, Boalemo District, Gorontalo Province, Indonesia. Asian J For 1: 18-22. This research aimed to assess the degradation level of mangrove forest and to develop strategy to reduce the degradation level. The overall research duration was 1 year, focusing on identification of mangrove forests degradation level, exploration of mangrove vegetation structure and preparation for mangrove degradation reduction strategy. The research was located in Tabongo Village, Dulupi Sub-district, Boalemo District, Gorontalo Province. The method used in the research was explorative survey, while the data analysis was done with quantitative descriptive analysis. The collecting method used was point quarter centered meter (PQCM) method. The degradation level of mangrove forest was analyzed by standard criteria of mangrove destruction according to Ministerial Decree of State Minister for The Environment (Kepmen. LH) No. 201 in 2004. Results showed that there are 4 species of mangrove plants in Tabongo Village, Dulupi Sub-district namely Rhizophora apiculata Blume, Rhizophora mucronata Lamk., Ceriops tagal (Perr) C.B.Rob, and Bruguiera which included in the Rhizophoraceae family. Rhizophora apiculata had the highest IVI value at the stage of tree and sapling, while Rhizophora mucronata Lamk had the highest IVI value at the stage of seedling. Tabongo mangrove area was a Scrub or dwarf forest type generally. This type was classified as a typical mangrove found in low edges. The mangrove condition in the coastal area of Tabongo Village, Boalemo, was categorized as broken (TNS1 = 210). While based on Assessment of criticality level of mangrove land based on the way teristris, formula was categorized as not broken (TNS2= 330). The reduction strategy that could be implemented to recover the quality of mangrove areas include (i) the assessment of the importance of the mangrove areas with regard to their ecological and economic value, (ii) quality improvement of mangrove habitat, (iii) educational approach by making the mangrove areas as learning media and source, and (iv) empowerment of people living around the mangrove areas.

scholarly journals Peran Ekosistem Hutan Mangrove Sebagai Habitat Untuk Organisme Laut

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karimah, M. Fahrurrozi
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Portunus Pelagicus ◽  
Important Habitat

AbstrakTulisan ini menjelaskan tentang peran ekosistem hutan mangrove sebagai habitat untuk organisme laut dengan menggunaan analisis diskriptif. Data diambil dari literatur-literatur terkait yang kemudian didiskripsikan lebih lanjut. Data yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa hutan mangrove di Indonesia diperkirakan mencakup area seluas 4,25 juta hektar, hanya sekitar 2% dari seluruh wilayah daratan, namun nilai ekonomi dan lingkungannya tidak boleh di bawah perkiraan, oleh karena itu kehadirannya harus dijaga. Sebagai zona transisi antara ekosistem terestrial dan laut, ekosistem mangrove telah lama dikenal memiliki banyak fungsi dan merupakan penghubung penting dalam menjaga keseimbangan biologis ekosistem pesisir. Ekosistem hutan mangrove merupakan habitat penting bagi organisme laut. Umumnya didominasi oleh moluska dan krustasea. Moluska ini terdiri terutama dari Gastropoda dan selanjutnya didominasi oleh dua keluarga, yaitu Potamidae dan Ellobiidae. Sedangkan untuk krustasea, terutama terdiri dari Brachyura. Beberapa fauna mangrove juga dikenal sebagai bahan habis pakai dan secara ekonomi penting seperti Terebralia palustris, Telescopium telescopium (Gastropoda), Anadara kuno, Coaxans polymesoda, Ostrea cucullata (Bivalvia), dan Scylla serrate, S. olivacea, Portunus pelagicus, Epixanthus dentatus, Labnanium politum (Crustacea).Kata kunci : hutan mangrove, ekosistem mangrove, moluska                                                                     Abstract              This paper describes the role of the mangrove forest ecosystem as a habitat for marine organisms by using descriptive analysis. The data are drawn from related literatures which are further described. The data obtained indicate that mangrove forests in Indonesia are estimated to cover an area of 4.25 million hectares, only about 2% of the entire land area, but its economic and environmental value should not be underestimated, therefore its presence must be maintained. As a transition zone between terrestrial and marine ecosystems, the mangrove ecosystem has long been known to have many functions and is an important link in maintaining the biological balance of coastal ecosystems. The mangrove forest ecosystem is an important habitat for marine organisms. Generally dominated by molluscs and crustaceans. This mollusc consists mainly of Gastropods and is further dominated by two families, namely Potamidae and Ellobiidae. As for crustaceans, mainly consisting of Brachyura. Some mangrove fauna are also known as economical and economically important materials such as Terebralia palustris, Telescopium telescopium (Gastropoda), ancient Anadara, Coaxans polymesoda, Ostrea cucullata (Bivalvia), and Scylla serrate, S. olivacea, Portunus pelagicus, Epixanthus dentatus, Labnanium politic (Crustacea).Keywords: mangrove forest, mangrove ecosystem, mollusk,

scholarly journals Estimasi Persentase Karbon Organik Di Hutan Mangrove Bekas Tambak, Perancak, Jembrana, Bali

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Gusti Agung Indah Mahasani ◽  
Nuryani Widagti ◽  
I Wayan Gede Astawa Karang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Loss On Ignition ◽  
Vertical Variation ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Vertical Variations ◽  
C 30 ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Mangrove forests in the coastal regions are very effective and efficient in reducing the concentration carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere, because mangroves can absorb CO2 through photosynthesis by diffusion through the stomata and then store carbon in the form of biomass. The purpose of this study, namely: (1) Determine the percentage of organic carbon in the soil in former mangrove forest ponds in Perancak and (2) Determine the vertical variation of the percentage of organic carbon stored in soils in former mangrove forest ponds in Perancak. The method used from this study is the loss on ignition (LOI). The average percentage of organic carbon in mangrove forest area of the former farm of 50.181 % C or 184.618 Mg/ha. The average vertical variations of each depth, that is: depth (0-15 cm) 50.487 % C, (15- 30 cm) 50.781 % C, (30-50 cm) 50.550 % C, (50- 100 cm) 51.689 % C, and (> 100 cm) 47.396 % C.

scholarly journals Peran Ekosistem Hutan Mangrove Sebagai Habitat Untuk Organisme Laut

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karimah .
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Portunus Pelagicus ◽  
Important Habitat

AbstrakTulisan ini menjelaskan tentang peran ekosistem hutan mangrove sebagai habitat untuk organisme laut dengan menggunaan analisis diskriptif. Data diambil dari literatur-literatur terkait yang kemudian didiskripsikan lebih lanjut. Data yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa hutan mangrove di Indonesia diperkirakan mencakup area seluas 4,25 juta hektar, hanya sekitar 2% dari seluruh wilayah daratan, namun nilai ekonomi dan lingkungannya tidak boleh di bawah perkiraan, oleh karena itu kehadirannya harus dijaga. Sebagai zona transisi antara ekosistem terestrial dan laut, ekosistem mangrove telah lama dikenal memiliki banyak fungsi dan merupakan penghubung penting dalam menjaga keseimbangan biologis ekosistem pesisir. Ekosistem hutan mangrove merupakan habitat penting bagi organisme laut. Umumnya didominasi oleh moluska dan krustasea. Moluska ini terdiri terutama dari Gastropoda dan selanjutnya didominasi oleh dua keluarga, yaitu Potamidae dan Ellobiidae. Sedangkan untuk krustasea, terutama terdiri dari Brachyura. Beberapa fauna mangrove juga dikenal sebagai bahan habis pakai dan secara ekonomi penting seperti Terebralia palustris, Telescopium telescopium (Gastropoda), Anadara kuno, Coaxans polymesoda, Ostrea cucullata (Bivalvia), dan Scylla serrate, S. olivacea, Portunus pelagicus, Epixanthus dentatus, Labnanium politum (Crustacea).Kata kunci : hutan mangrove, ekosistem mangrove, moluska                                                                     Abstract              This paper describes the role of the mangrove forest ecosystem as a habitat for marine organisms by using descriptive analysis. The data are drawn from related literatures which are further described. The data obtained indicate that mangrove forests in Indonesia are estimated to cover an area of 4.25 million hectares, only about 2% of the entire land area, but its economic and environmental value should not be underestimated, therefore its presence must be maintained. As a transition zone between terrestrial and marine ecosystems, the mangrove ecosystem has long been known to have many functions and is an important link in maintaining the biological balance of coastal ecosystems. The mangrove forest ecosystem is an important habitat for marine organisms. Generally dominated by molluscs and crustaceans. This mollusc consists mainly of Gastropods and is further dominated by two families, namely Potamidae and Ellobiidae. As for crustaceans, mainly consisting of Brachyura. Some mangrove fauna are also known as economical and economically important materials such as Terebralia palustris, Telescopium telescopium (Gastropoda), ancient Anadara, Coaxans polymesoda, Ostrea cucullata (Bivalvia), and Scylla serrate, S. olivacea, Portunus pelagicus, Epixanthus dentatus, Labnanium politic (Crustacea). Keywords: mangrove forest, mangrove ecosystem, mollusk.

scholarly journals PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGELOLAAN HUTAN MANGROVE DI DESA SEGARAJAYA, KECAMATAN TARUMAJAYA KABUPATEN BEKASI

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Shahibah Yuliani ◽  
Nova Scorviana Herminasari
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Mangrove Planting

The purpose of this research is to know the community participation management of mangrove forests in PAL Jaya Beach, Segarajaya Village Tarumajaya District, Bekasi. This study uses descriptive method, which aims to find information from  by using the questionnaire (closed questionnaire), direct observation, interviews, and documentation. The subjects of this study were 25 people consisting of members of the Supervisory Society Group (POKMASWAS), Ikatan Pemuda Putera Daerah (IKAPUD), and other communitie. The results showed that community participation management of mangrove forests is relatively high from the aspects of planning and activities implementation (restoration). Community participation is also supported by several institutions cooperate such as socialization, mangrove planting, and development of mangrove forest area. However, community involvement in treating mangroves have been low. Related to community participation in utilizing mangrove forests is still educatiobal tourist area

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document