Hermeneutics as a methodology of sociohumanities

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-93
Author(s):  
Donii N. Ye. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Society ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Abstract Theory ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Text Interpretation ◽  
Historical Monuments ◽  
The Social ◽  
Scientific Fields

The author of the article draws attention to the fact that the relevance of the research is due to the need to describe hermeneutics as a method of humanitarian knowledge and methodology that is most often used in the sociohumanities, as well as the fact about the borer of XX-XXI centuries which raised to a new level of humanitarian knowledge under the slogan of anthropological appeal. The purpose of the research is to identify the main specific features of hermeneutic methodology in the space of sociohumanities. The results of the study. The method of hermeneutics unfolds gradually and among the practical and theoretical needs that influenced its development are: the demands of ancient Greek society; transformation of Christianity into the dominant religion; separation in modern times, in independent scientific fields, politics, economics, psychology, etc.; demand for translations from classical dead languages into living languages of literary, philosophical and historical monuments; actualization of interest in history, linguistics in connection with the awareness of the importance of preserving the authority of humanitarian knowledge. It is also noted that the method of hermeneutics received a powerful impetus for the further “occupation” of new areas due to the transformation of social space into an information society, where communication and dialogue began to determine the success of the results of such interaction. Conclusion. At the time of its origin, hermeneutics was presented as the art of interpreting and understanding texts, and over time it became seen as a variant of the search for truth and a scientific method. Tracing the development of hermeneutics, it is indicated that hermeneutics has never been an abstract theory, but has always accompanied the social activities of people to find solutions to life’s issues. The special popularity of hermeneutics is that it is recognized as an effective universal sociohumanitarian methodology, which is associated with: 1) understanding as comprehension of the studied objects – processes, objects and actions and various texts; 2) interpretation, the task of which is to help understand the text and its value; 3) application as a condition that the distance between the situation of text creation and the time of its interpretation is overcome due to the efforts of the interpreter. Key words: understanding, hermeneutics, text, interpretation, sociohumanities, interpreter, application.

Σχολαστικός. Remarques sur le sens du terme à Byzance (IVe–XVe siècles)

2016 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Loukaki
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Education System ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Human Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Byzantine Period ◽  
Legal Advisor

AbstractThe Greek word scholastikos as a human attribute appears continuously from classical antiquity to modern times. However, over the centuries, the term took various nuances, which are associated with respective activities, the participation in public life and the social status of the persons qualified as scholastikoi. In the article, starting with Axel Claus’ conclusions in his doctoral thesis (Cologne 1965) as well as the exploitation of new evidences concludes that from the 3rd until the 7th century AD the number of people known as scholastikoi is particularly high. These people were well educated with rhetoric and legal knowledge. The term did not designate a specific profession, though often during this period a scholastikos gathered the characteristics of a jurist in today’s sense; he was an advocate, legal advisor, teacher of law, judge, notary, etc. Although he was not directly related to the education system as a teacher or professor of rhetoric, occasionally a scholastikos could have been, under certain circumstances, a private teacher of grammar (grammarian). During the middle and late Byzantine period, the attribute scholastikos for a person is found in very few and isolated cases (Arethas’ letters to Niketas David Paphlagon, Ecloga privata aucta, Alexiad, Nikephoros Gregoras to Theodoros Metochites and Thomas Magistros, Life of saint Athanasios of Meteora). It is clear that scholastikos, as a human type with the characteristics outlined above, did not disappear, but the term was no longer used in this context. According to the rare available evidence, most of the authors used the term in its ancient Greek meaning, associating it mainly with education, teachers and letters in general.

scholarly journals Social Memory in the Light of the Study of Information Space and Time

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Rail’ Gazizov ◽  
◽  
Aydar Kayumov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Social Memory ◽  
Information Space ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
The Social

This article deals with the philosophical analysis of social memory in the conditions of the development of today’s information society. In the paper, the social and intellectual cross-sections of information space and time are investigated. These cross-sections are directly related to the analysis of society’s legal consciousness, which seems to, so to say, lag behind the reflections about information space and time. The authors note that social space and time are formed through achieving the unity of information space and time. This is largely facilitated by social memory, which in its essence is a culture, and culture is connected with self-awareness. Culture as memory – historical and moral, obtained through social practice – provides the practice of material and spiritual production. Social memory acts as a kind of qualitative indicator of the state of society and contributes to the transition of information into knowledge, whose elements are characterized by the intense nature of their interaction. This intensity is explained by the fact that knowledge, unlike information, stands guard over the past, protecting it from external attempts to present anything positive that had been as something that had never happened and make it disappear in the annals of time. Philosophy is related to the analysis of the ultimate grounds of information space and time, which increases the intensity of interaction between the elements of the social system. At the same time, social memory increases the degree of interaction between existing values. It should be noted that social memory is very important for further research on the functioning of information society. It is a prerequisite for social forecasting of the development of cultural and social relations. Social memory is a way of existence of knowledge as a form of realization of human creative potential.

Straniero e modernitŕ: riflessioni su Tonnies e Simmel

2012 ◽  
pp. 81-102
Author(s):  
Roberta Cipollini
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Type ◽  
Cognitive Approaches ◽  
Structured Representation

Between the late 1800s and the early 1900s, sociologists in Germany focused their interest on the beginning of modern times, the increase in social diversification, the affirmation of an individualistic orientation and, in particular, of metropolises and the appearance of new figures in urban spaces. Tönnies and Simmel concentrated their studies on the social figure of the foreigner as a metaphor of modernity and, though through different cognitive approaches, defined a strongly converging social representation. In both authors we find that the foreigner's ambivalence is based on traits such as lack of fixation in social space, mobility, freedom, individualistic orientation and objectivity. Their considerations differ however in regards to the perception of this figure as being an isolated individual or referred to as a «type»: in Tönnies we see the first orientation, whereas Simmel believes that the foreigner is perceived through reference to a social «type», thus with a more structured representation. In such a way Simmel anticipates a theme that will later be further developed by sociology and social psychology.

scholarly journals The social topology of science in national and transnational contexts: the case of social sciences

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Ilona G. Nedelevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Social Space ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Scientific Field ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Topology ◽  
Scientific Fields

The article explores the possibilities of application P. Bourdieu’s social topology in the studying of inequality in science in national and transnational contexts. It is argued that in the conditions of globalising science, discussions about its egalitarianism, which began approximately in the middle of the last century, are moving beyond national borders. For the purposes of studying global inequality in science, scholars often apply the theoretical frameworks of world-systems analysis, neo-institutionalism, and the theory of global governance. However, these theories often lead to reductionism which ignores the symbolic dimension of scientific activity. The article suggests reassessing the heuristic potentiality of P. Bourdieu’s social topology, which mitigates the mentioned drawback of other theories. The article aims to demonstrate the relevance of this theoretical framework for the study of inequality in different scales of scientific activity due to the fact that the French sociologist focused mainly on national academic systems. The article defines the general provisions of P. Bourdieu’s topological concept of the field and the units of the social order of the scientific field. It also demonstrates the role of various forms of capital in determining the structure of social space. Based on the case of social sciences, the article explores the formation of scientific fields, their interaction with other fields, and their structure in different scales. The structure of the scientific field on the national scale can be defined as a dichotomy of dominant – dominated or centre – periphery. On the transnational scale, this dichotomy is also relevant but it is represented by national fields. Among them, the dominant position is occupied by the United States and Great Britain, which have the largest amount of symbolic power. The structure of the transnational scientific space, however, is more complex and includes overlapping fields of national, regional and more global dimensions. The article argued that applying the theoretical framework of the field to the study of the transnational scientific field will remain tied to the definition and explanation of the peculiarities and the interaction of national scientific fields as long as national states keep their institutional boundaries in scientific activity.

Fictions of the Human Right to Health: Writing Against the Postcolonial Exotic in Western Medicine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary J. Jolly
Keyword(s):  
Health Research ◽  
Western Medicine ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Medical Humanities ◽  
Right To Health ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health And Wellness ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Cultural Specificity ◽  
The Social

The last decade has witnessed far greater attention to the social determinants of health in health research, but literary studies have yet to address, in a sustained way, how narratives addressing issues of health across postcolonial cultural divides depict the meeting – or non-meeting – of radically differing conceptualisations of wellness and disease. This chapter explores representations of illness in which Western narrators and notions of the body are juxtaposed with conceptualisations of health and wellness entirely foreign to them, embedded as the former are in assumptions about Cartesian duality and the superiority of scientific method – itself often conceived of as floating (mysteriously) free from its own processes of enculturation and their attendant limits. In this respect my work joins Volker Scheid’s, in this volume, in using the capacity of critical medical humanities to reassert the cultural specificity of what we have come to know as contemporary biomedicine, often assumed to be

Social and Cultural Significance of Reading in the Information Society

2010 ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Tatyana B. Markova
Keyword(s):  
Information Society ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Philosophical Analysis ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultural Functions

The article discusses the social and cultural functions of reading. Philosophical analysis of the phenomenon of reading reveals its transformation into knowledge society. The types of modern reading are analyzed and a new role of libraries in society is showed.

“The Pain Of Protagonists” Inselected Novels Of Anita Nair

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-438
Author(s):  
R. CELIN DIANA
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Social Convention ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Female Protagonists ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pain And Suffering ◽  
Simple Life

MRS. R. CELIN DIANA A female is God's lovable creature to balance man. She is mentally and physically weak through creation itself, but she express her feelings unexpectedly in the battle against her. She is even spoiled for that. A women’s picture is a central theme to literature writings around the globe. The writings of Anita Nair is concerned with man, females, nature, true life, and social convention. She explores the existential struggle of her protagonists in most of her novels. Nair describes particularly, how Indian women are exploited, abused, marginalized even in the modern times both by individuals and by the society. Apart from the society women are tossed even by her family members. Anita Nair emphasizes the need for creating awareness in women. Her female protagonists are conscious of the injustice in marriage brought to them.Probably, the protagonists of Nair’s novels denies to flow along the current.  They seem to be adamant or aggressive, but the fact is that they underwent much pain and suffering. Apart from the pain the protagonists are the losers of life, respect, family, dignity and everything. This paper is an effort to bring to light the pathetic conditions of the protagonists,and to study the social, family and economic picture of women's suffering in life. Though the protagonist characters are brave, they seem pathetic and losers of a common simple life, they dream to live. Anita Nair defines circumstances or occurrences that harm or kill characters due to the aggressive nature of characters in her novels.

REKONSTRUKSI DAN REAKTUALISASI LITERASI EKOLOGI SOSIAL ISLAM

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heru Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Social Ecology ◽  
Social Space ◽  
The State ◽  
Ecological Literacy ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Ecological Awareness ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Social

Literasi ekologi sosial Islam adalah interaksi manusia dengan lingkungan alam, teknologi, dan sosial yang didasarkan pada prinsip dasar Islam. Rekonstruksi literasi ekologi sosial Islam yang bisa direkonstruksi adalah prinsip dasar Islam yang menegaskan posisi manusia sebagai “pemimpin” yang diberi “amanah” untuk mengelola “bumi” atau “lingkungan alam dan sumber daya alam” sebaik-baiknya. Rekonstruksi literasi ekologis inilah yang kemudian akan diaktualisasikan pada masyarakat. Proses aktualisasi adalah kegiatan aktual dalam menanamkan kesadaran ekologi sosial Islam pada masyarakat yang mana dilakukan dalam ruang sosial keluarga, masyarakat, dan sekolah yang diorganisasi oleh negara melalui kebijakan dan peraturan per undang-undangan. Dengan proses rekonstruksi dan aktualisasi yang terstruktur ini, maka negara akan aktif membangun kesadaran ekologis sosial Islam dengan aktif dan terstruktur dengan baik guna mewujudkan basis kesadaran, ilmu pengetahuan, dan tata nilai ekologi sosial Islam pada masyarakat. Literacy on Islamic social ecology is the human interaction with the natural environment, technology, and social which is based on the basic principles of Islam. Reconstruction of literacy on Islamic social ecology that can be reconstructed is a basic tenet of Islam that affirms the human position as a "leader" by "mandate" to manage "Earth" or "natural environment and natural resources" as well as possible. Reconstruction of ecological literacy is then to be actualized in society. The process of actualization is actual activity in instilling awareness of the social ecology of Islam in the society which is done in the social space of families, communities, and schools organized by the state through policies and regulations. With the process of reconstruction and actualization, then the state will actively build social-ecological awareness of Islam in order to realize a base of awareness, knowledge, and values of Islamic social ecology in society.

SOCIAL CONFLICT: ARCHETYPAL NATURE AND RESOLUTION MECHANISM

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 294-305
Author(s):  
Ruslan Rafisovich Hasanov
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Constructive Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interdisciplinary Knowledge

On the basis of the archetypic analysis of development trends of a conflictological paradigm the author’s model of minimization of conflict potential in modern society is offered. Institutional construction is the basis for model that is harmonized with a factor of societal identity.It is noted that the problems of social conflicts, according to data from monitor- ing studies of the Ukrainian school of archetype, are increasingly shifted into the sphere of interpersonal relations. It is stimulated by the progression in society of so-called self-sufficient personalities, the “subjectification” of the social space, and at the same time narrowing down to the solution of entirely specific situations in which there is a collision of the interests of two or more parties.Instead, in order to find the optimal solution for resolving the conflict, it is necessary to have interdisciplinary knowledge, in particular understanding of the deep nature of such conflicts. Collision of points of view, thoughts, positions — a very frequent phenomenon of modern social life. In order to develop the correct line of behavior in various conflict situations, it is important to adequately under- stand the nature of the emergence of the modern conflict and the mechanisms for resolving them in substance. Knowledge of conflict nature enriches the culture of communication and makes human life and social groups not only more calm, but also creates conditions for constructive development. It is proved that in modern life one can not but agree with the statement that an individual carries first re- sponsibility for his own life and only then for the life of the social groups to which he belongs. And while making decisions within the framework of modern mecha- nisms (consensus), the properties of human psychology such as extroversion, emo- tionality, irrationality, intuition, externality, and executive ability will not at least contribute to such a task.That is why in the author’s research attracted attention to the archetypal na- ture of the conflict — the primitive images, ideas, feelings inherent in man as a bearer of the collective unconscious.

SOCIAL CONFLICT: ARCHETYPAL NATURE AND RESOLUTION MECHANISM

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 294-305
Author(s):  
Ruslan Rafisovich Hasanov
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Constructive Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interdisciplinary Knowledge

On the basis of the archetypic analysis of development trends of a conflictological paradigm the author’s model of minimization of conflict potential in modern society is offered. Institutional construction is the basis for model that is harmonized with a factor of societal identity. It is noted that the problems of social conflicts, according to data from monitoring studies of the Ukrainian school of archetype, are increasingly shifted into the sphere of interpersonal relations. It is stimulated by the progression in society of so-called self-sufficient personalities, the “subjectification” of the social space, and at the same time narrowing down to the solution of entirely specific situations in which there is a collision of the interests of two or more parties. Instead, in order to find the optimal solution for resolving the conflict, it is necessary to have interdisciplinary knowledge, in particular understanding of the deep nature of such conflicts. Collision of points of view, thoughts, positions — a very frequent phenomenon of modern social life. In order to develop the correct line of behavior in various conflict situations, it is important to adequately understand the nature of the emergence of the modern conflict and the mechanisms for resolving them in substance. Knowledge of conflict nature enriches the culture of communication and makes human life and social groups not only more calm, but also creates conditions for constructive development. It is proved that in modern life one can not but agree with the statement that an individual carries first responsibility for his own life and only then for the life of the social groups to which he belongs. And while making decisions within the framework of modern mechanisms (consensus), the properties of human psychology such as extroversion, emotionality, irrationality, intuition, externality, and executive ability will not at least contribute to such a task. That is why in the author’s research attracted attention to the archetypal nature of the conflict — the primitive images, ideas, feelings inherent in man as a bearer of the collective unconscious.

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