scholarly journals LENDING TO THE ECONOMY OF UKRAINE: CURRENT SITUATION AND DIRECTIONS OF INCENTIVES

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3(88)) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavlo Ilchuk ◽  
Olha Kots ◽  
Alla Karda
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Banking System ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Current State ◽  
National Bank ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
Business Entities

Stimulating lending to the economy today is one of the priorities of the National Bank of Ukraine. It will help to bring the economy out of stagnation, ensure GDP growth and increase welfare in the country. The article examines the current state of lending to the economy of Ukraine. A review of the scientific literature focuses on analyzing the proposals of scientists to stimulate lending. During the research, the structure and dynamics of the loan portfolio of Ukrainian banks for 2013–2021 were analyzed and the main reasons for the changes were identified. In Ukraine, the largest share of loans falls on business entities and in 2021 it is 78.04%. In 2016 this share was equal to 82.26%. The dynamics of lending to business entities largely depends on the efficiency of their activities, which is why detailed attention is focused on analyzing the efficiency of enterprises and the share of non-performing loans, which allowed identifying the cyclical nature of these processes. Currently, the problem of unprofitable enterprises is not the only obstacle to the full development of lending, a large proportion of non-performing loans also has a negative impact. Detailed attention was focused on the interest rates dynamics analysis and it was found that for loans to business entities there was a constant decrease in interest rates on all types of loans in accordance with their terms. In order to stimulate lending to the economy, it is necessary to reduce all interest rates, not just interest rates on loans to business entities, as lending to individuals also contributes to economic growth. The main directions of stimulating lending to Ukraine’s economy have also been formed, which, first of all, should take place at the state level through the implementation of monetary policy aimed at keeping inflation within the target, ensuring transparency of the banking system and its regulation, state participation in large investment projects, reducing the tax burden provided that the business entities which implement innovative projects aimed at achieving strategic goals of the state, such as greening and digitalization of public life and business.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF CREDITING OF SMALL AND MEDIUM BUSINESS BY BANKING INSTITUTIONS OF UKRAINE IN THE CONDITION OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 298 (5 Part 1) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
KATERINA LARIONOVA ◽  
V. TANASIENKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Banking Institutions ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Access to financial resources, especially through bank lending, is an important factor in the development of small and medium-sized businesses. SMEs need such lending due to lack of own funds, income instability, accelerated movement of working capital, locality of resources and narrow markets. Bank credit occupies a leading position in the formation of financial and investment mechanism for SME development. In the current crisis caused by the coronavirus, banks must ensure maximum access of small and medium-sized businesses to credit resources. With the stabilization of the financial situation and the reduction of interest rates to the level of profitability of SMEs, banks’ interest in their lending will be accompanied by increasing competition in this area of banking business development. The article analyzes the state of lending to small and medium-sized businesses by banking institutions of Ukraine in the context of the coronavirus pandemic Covid-19. It is established that during 2018-2020 there was a declining trend in the bank lending to small and medium-sized businesses due to the negative impact of the pandemic on the activities of small and medium enterprises. The rating of the best conditions for lending to small and medium enterprises by Ukrainian banks in 2021 is analyzed and bank lending programs are considered. It is noted that as a result of the introduction of quarantine in 2020 and other restrictive anti-epidemic measures to prevent the spread of coronavirus, the banking system has changed somewhat. The amount of government assistance to small and medium-sized businesses in a pandemic and the features of the state program of business support “Affordable loans 5-7-9%” are considered.

scholarly journals Problem Credit Debt of Ukrainian Banks: Current Status and Ways to overcome it

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Nelia Volkova ◽  
◽  
Diana Vinhora ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Credit System ◽  
Current State ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Domestic Banks ◽  
Banking Institution

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of problem about credit indebtedness of Ukrainian banks at the present stage and to identifying ways to overcome it. The article analyzes the loan portfolio of Ukrainian banks during 2014-2020. For the last five years, the banking system of Ukraine has been developing in the conditions of military conflict and permanent political and economic crisis. After the occupation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and certain regions of Donetsk and Luhansk, domestic commercial banks lost part of their assets that remained in the occupied territories. These events forced the National Bank of Ukraine to take measures to stabilize the credit system, which led to the withdrawal of a large number of insolvent banks from the market. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to analyze the current state of credit debt problem of Ukrainian banks and to identify ways to neutralize it. Results. Based on statistical data, the dynamics of individual assets of Ukrainian banks, characterized by the discount rate as the main deterrent to lending, certain factors influencing the emergence of problem loans in a banking institution. Statistical data on the volume of lending to banking institutions by business entities and individuals in Ukraine are presented and analyzed. Based on the analysis, the main factors of increasing creditworthiness are investigated. Based on world experience, we offer ways to overcome the problematic team of domestic banks in the rear stabilization of the credit system. Conclusions. The conducted research confirmed the theoretical expediency and practical significance of the analysis of the current state of credit indebtedness problem of Ukrainian banks, which allows to determine the ways of its neutralization. The assessment of some indicators of banks’ activity revealed a number of factors that negatively affect the work with problem loans, namely: reduction in the number of banks (in particular, banks with foreign capital), reduction in lending, which is directly related to rising interest rates on loans, real incomes, the devaluation of the national currency and more. Each bank must develop a set of measures applicable to a particular category of problem loans, work out algorithms for the interaction of units in the event of certain signs, options for behavior depending on the degree of effectiveness of the measures applied. Implementation of the proposed banks in practice measures to reduce bad debts will be the subject of our further study.

scholarly journals ASSET DIVERSIFICATION THROUGH APPLICATION HOARDING INVESTMENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (165) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
V. Verbytska ◽  
V. Bredikhin
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
State Level ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
The State ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Current State ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Business Entities

The article considers the current state of methodological tools for the formation of financial statements, based on the interests of consumers of such reporting and the current state of the domestic economy. On the basis of the organization of accounting the necessary general theoretical provisions and methodology of formation of system of the accounting administrative reporting are defined, following which it will be possible to speak about existence of necessary conditions of formation of a qualitative information base for acceptance of administrative decisions. A description of the range of users, which allows to limit the various options for financial reporting, taking into account their real needs and interests. Depending on the specific features of the company and the content of financial statements, the justification of categories according to the content of information. The place and significance of financial reporting in the process of forming macroeconomic indicators and determining the directions of classification of financial statements based on the results of spectral analysis of information interests of users of accounting information at the local level and at the macro level of the state as a user of information. For business entities, financial statements are allocated, which reflect information on ordinary and extraordinary activities with the appropriate details. The degree of automation of the management and accounting system, which is divided into automated, partially automated accounting and manually compiled, is considered. It is noted that the considered areas of grouping of financial statements take into account the information interests of users of accounting information both at the local level of individual enterprises and at the state level as users of information in the formation of macroeconomic indicators, which will improve their quality and improve the range of indicators.

scholarly journals LIQUIDITY OF THE BANKING SYSTEM OF UKRAINE: MODERN STATE AND STRATEGIC REFERENCE POINTS OF MANAGEMENT

2017 ◽  
pp. 170-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitalii Rudan
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The State ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Liquidity Management ◽  
National Bank ◽  
Negative Factors

Introduction. The article deals with the approaches for the determination of the state of liquidity of the banking system of Ukraine after the change of the monetary regime. The main negative factors that influence the dynamics of liquidity of the domestic banking system are determined. Recommendations for improving the efficiency of banking liquidity management are proposed. They are determined with consideration of strategic guidelines for the development of the banking system of Ukraine. Purpose. The article aims to substantiate the integrated approach to assessing the current state of liquidity of the banking system and to identify problems and strategic guidelines for improving the efficiency of liquidity management and functioning of the banking system of Ukraine. Method (methodology). In this research we have used the following methods: system analysis methods (to evaluate the effectiveness of approaches to assessing the state of liquidity of the banking system of Ukraine); methods of analogy and comparison (to study the liquidity management of the banking system of Ukraine during the financial and economic crisis of 2008-2009 and the economic crisis in 2014-2017); statistical methods (to analyse the dynamics of liquidity indicators of the banking system and monetary indicators of the National Bank of Ukraine, the Federal Reserve System of the USA and the European Central Bank). Results. On the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the approaches to assessing the liquidity of the Ukrainian banking system, which is used by the National Bank of Ukraine, we have found a mistake in the approach. This mistake is based on the assessment of the net liquidity position of the banking system. The influence of negative factors on the liquidity of the banking system of Ukraine has been assessed with the help of correlation and regression analysis. Four strategic guidelines for increasing the efficiency of management of bank liquidity have been proposed. Among them we distinguish the reduction of interest rates for active and passive operations which can be provided in the conditions of creation of a broad corridor between overnight refinancing rates and overnight deposit certificates; the introduction of long-term targeted refinancing for state development programs; the improvement of the mechanism of compulsory redundancy; the improvement of the activity of state banks and the creation of development banks.

STATE REGULATION OF BANKING ACTIVITY IN UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olha Drachevska
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Banking Regulation ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
System Protection ◽  
Banking Activity ◽  
National Bank ◽  
Threatening Situation

The article is devoted to the analysis of scientific approaches to the interpretation of the concepts of "state regulation", "state regulation of banking", "banking regulation" and the measures on which the state regulation of banking is based. An analysis of the scientific literature in various fields allows us to conclude that scholars ambiguously interpret the term "state regulation of banking." Most often, state regulation of banking is seen as a system of measures by which the state through authorized bodies regulates the activities of banks. The domestic legislator considers the concept of "banking regulation" as one of the functions of the National Bank of Ukraine, which is to create a system of norms governing the activities of banks, determine the general principles of banking, banking supervision, liability for violations of banking legislation. The main purpose of banking regulation is security and financial stability of the banking system, protection of the interests of depositors and creditors. The importance of state regulation of banking as an integral part of public policy is emphasized. Effective state regulation of banking activities should ensure stable and uninterrupted operation of the banking system, guarantee the provision of quality services by banks to depositors and borrowers and protect their interests. Preventive and protective measures on which the state regulation of banking activity in Ukraine is based are considered. Preventive measures should be implemented through the approval of mandatory regulations. The application of protective measures should provide protection against the already threatening situation for the bank. Attention is also paid to the forms in which state regulation of banks by the National Bank is carried out. Such forms are administrative regulation and indicative regulation.

scholarly journals PANDEMIC CRISIS AND ITS EFFECTS ON BULGARIAN BANKING SYSTEM’S EFFICIENCY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gergana Mihaylova-Borisova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Parametric Method ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

The economies are once again facing the challenges of another crisis related to the spread of coronavirus in 2020. The banking sector, being one of the main intermediaries in the economies, is also affected by the spread of the new crisis, which is different compared to the previous crises such as the global financial crisis in 2008 and the European debt crisis in 2012-2013. Still, the banking sector in Bulgaria suffers from the pandemic crisis due to decelerated growth rate of loans, provided to households and non-financial enterprises, as well as declining profits related to the narrowing spread between interest rates on loans and deposits. The pandemic crisis, which later turned into an economic one, is having a negative impact on the efficiency of the banking system. To prove the negative impact of the pandemic crisis on the efficiency of banks, the non-parametric method for measuring the efficiency, the so-called Data envelopment analysis (DEA), is used.

scholarly journals Legal Basis for Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Elena Zaliznyak ◽  
◽  
Sergey Zhbannikov ◽  
Nataliya Morozova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
State Level ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
State Registration

Industrial enterprises and other business entities whose activities involve direct or indirect impact on environmental components must comply with legal requirements in the field of environmental protection. Over the past 5 years, there have been significant changes in environmental legislation. All objects that have a negative impact on the environment are subject to state registration. When registering an enterprise, it is subject to assignment to one of four categories of objects of negative impact, depending on the industry affiliation, production capacity, chemical composition of emissions, discharges, and other criteria. Currently, legislative innovations are aimed at business development and reducing the administrative burden on business entities, but this creates a threat to the safe operation of industrial facilities. There are more than 340 thousand objects of negative impact on the territory of Russia, of which one third is subject to Federal supervision. According to 2019 data, less than 4% of enterprises had their operational safety audits performed. The detection of violations of the requirements of legislation in the field of environmental protection, as well as failure to eliminate the identified violations, indicates the formation of potential threats to environmental safety. Taking into account the current economic crisis, in which solving environmental problems will not be a priority for business structures, the protection of the population and the natural environment is fully transferred to the state level.

scholarly journals The State Regulation of the Hotel and Restaurant Business in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (520) ◽  
pp. 241-245
Author(s):  
V. О. Martynenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
State Support ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Further Development

The axiom of present is that Ukraine has a very difficult situation in the sphere of hotel and restaurant business caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This situation has developed not only due to the underdevelopment of this sphere, also because of the significant shortcomings in the system of the State regulation of entrepreneurial activity in the pandemic, which makes this issue a topical scientific problem. The publication is aimed at analyzing the extant status of operation of the hotel and restaurant business under quarantine restrictions, as well as developing proposals for providing the State support to business entities in order to minimize losses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Theoretical and methodological grounds of research are the basic principles of development of hotel and restaurant business in a crisis, scientific works of Ukrainian scholars. The following methods were used in the course of the research: logical-juristic (to analyze the legislation of Ukraine on measures of the State support for business entities in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic); systematization (defining forms of the State aid); hypotheses and assumptions (in the preparation of proposals for further regulation of the provision of the State support to the hotel and restaurant business). As a result of the research, it is determined that the introduced support measures on the part of the State allowed to reduce the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the hotel and restaurant sector for the short-term period only. Renewal and further development of this sphere is impossible without the introduction of new approaches to the relations between the State and business, which have established determined in Ukrainian society, without increasing the social consciousness of business and increasing the level of its contact with public authorities. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to improve the system of adjustment of efforts of the State authorities, local self-government bodies and business entities in this sphere.

Economic expertise as a tool to counter the shadow economy

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
С.В. Банк ◽  
В.Ф. Вакуленко
Keyword(s):  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Large Percentage ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Public Finances ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Current State ◽  
Almost All

Теневая экономика проникает практически во все экономические сферы жизнедеятельности общества. Она включает в себя различные экономические отношения, которые находятся за рамками закона в областях производства, потребления, обмена и распределения. Воспрепятствование теневой экономике, предстающей одной из базовых угроз экономической безопасности страны, есть необычайно актуальное явление в настоящее время. Современное состояние сектора теневой экономики в России весьма динамично развивается, что влечет за собой негативное воздействие на социально-экономическое положение государства. В основном, это относится к представителям малого и среднего бизнеса, который занимается предоставлением услуг и производством разнообразных товаров. Актуальность избранной тематики заключается в том, что сейчас в России большой процент теневых доходов, тогда, как эти деньги могли быть направлены на становление и развитие МСП, особенно во времена обостренной пандемии, что позволило бы минимизировать экономическую напряженность и нарастить результативность государственных финансов. The shadow economy penetrates almost all economic spheres of society. It includes various economic relations that are outside the scope of the law in the areas of production, consumption, exchange and distribution. The obstruction of the shadow economy, which appears to be one of the basic threats to the economic security of the country, is an extremely relevant phenomenon at the present time. The current state of the shadow economy sector in Russia is developing very dynamically, which entails a negative impact on the socio-economic situation of the state. This mainly applies to representatives of small and medium-sized businesses that provide services and produce a variety of goods. The relevance of the chosen topic lies in the fact that now there is a large percentage of shadow income in Russia, while this money could be used for the formation and development of SMEs, especially during times of an acute pandemic, which would minimize economic tension and increase the effectiveness of public finances.

Foreign exchange positions and risks of czech banks

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Jílek ◽  
Jiřina Jílková
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Market Risk ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Minimum Capital ◽  
Market Risks ◽  
Current State ◽  
National Bank ◽  
Foreign Exchange Trading

Almost every bank has some degree of foreign exchange exposure. A bank, which holds net open positions in foreign currencies is exposed to the risk that exchange rates may move against it. Net open positions are due to foreign exchange trading positions or because of exposures caused by firm's overall assets and liabilities. Czech National Bank has imposed limits of FX risks and is thus limiting maximum potential loss of the Czech banking system. The paper describes the way how to calculate a bank's open FX positions and the current state of FX positions in selected Czech commercial hanks. The FX risk is a part of market risk. The Capital Adequacy Directive (CAD) and Basle Committee on Banking Supervision in its document Amendment to the Capital Accord to Incorporate Market Risks set out the minimum capital requirements for credit institutions and investment firms with respect to market risk.

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