How to loosen the link between socio-economic weakness and epidemic exposure to Covid-19: A multidisciplinary analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-52
Author(s):  
Andrea Marchioni ◽  
Filippo Damiani ◽  
Luca Bonacini
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
European Level ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Multidisciplinary Analysis

The Covid-19 pandemic crisis has caused, in addition to the serious effects on the health systems, a sharp slowdown in the Italian and European economy, mainly weighing on the weakest sections of the population with a worrying increase in economic and social inequalities. Using a multidisciplinary approach, this study focuses on the link between socio-economic fragility and epidemic exposure to Covid-19 in Italy and Europe, with a triple objective: to monitor the main dimensions of increased inequalities within the economy and society through an academic literature review; to empirically understand the reasons for national differences in the spread and lethality of the Covid-19 virus at European level; to provide, on the basis of the results obtained in pursuing the previous two objectives, a key to understanding the main public policies for a healthier, more inclusive and sustainable Italy and Europe.

scholarly journals Two hearts and a loan? Mortgages, employment insecurity and earnings among young couples in six European countries

Urban Studies ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 2451-2469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia M Dotti Sani ◽  
Claudia Acciai
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Earned Income ◽  
Employment Insecurity ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Employment Instability

Homeownership is increasingly understood by policy makers and social scientists as a fundamental asset against poverty risks, especially in times of economic uncertainty. However, in several Western countries, homeownership among younger generations appears to be increasingly difficult to achieve, likely a result of growing employment instability and stringent criteria to access credit. This article uses multinomial logistic models and nationally representative EU-SILC data from six European countries to examine (a) to what extent precarious employment among young couples is linked to being a mortgage holder; (b) whether earned income can compensate for employment instability in being a mortgagee; (c) cross-national differences in the relationship between being a mortgage holder, earnings, and employment insecurity. Our results indicate that the higher the levels of employment insecurity, the lower the chances of being a mortgage holder in all countries. Moreover, we find that at a given level of employment insecurity, households with higher levels of earned income have higher chances of being mortgage holders than households with lower earned income. However, while earned income has a stronger effect in achieving a mortgage among couples who have secure employment in Italy, earnings are more important among couples with lower levels of employment security in France, the UK, Spain and Poland. These results suggest that the relationship between social inequalities and housing is partially mediated by the national context.

scholarly journals Homicides and socio-environmental determinants of health in Brazil: a systematic literature review

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clovis Wanzinack ◽  
Marcos Claudio Signorelli ◽  
Clóvis Reis
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Environmental Determinants ◽  
Development Education ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Environmental Determinants Of Health

Abstract: Brazil currently has the highest absolute number of homicides in the world, which results from a complex range of factors. This study aimed at understanding the associations between socio-environmental determinants of health (SDH) and homicides in Brazil through a systematic literature review. The review followed PRISMA guidelines, selecting quantitative and qualitative studies published in Portuguese, English, and Spanish carried out between 2002 and 2017, available in the PubMed, MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO and BVS-BIREME databases. Two trilingual reviewers tracked studies independently by basing on the eligibility criteria. We critically assessed the selected studies with the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) or the Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies, depending on the study design. We considered 60 studies and grouped their SDH into categories to develop a narrative synthesis about each SDH. These categories were: territory; race/ethnicity; gender; age; social inequalities and economic factors; development; education; work and employment; drugs and trafficking; other SDH. We found some SDH were more associated with homicides, such as being young, black, male, of low education level, and also people who lived in places of high social inequality, such as urban suburbs and agricultural frontiers. Unemployment and drug trafficking, as well as intersections between various SDH were also prominent. Education seems to be a protective factor for homicide. Despite the limited capacity of interpretation due to the high range of methodological approaches, this review shows the importance of considering SDH and their intersections when developing homicide prevention policies.

China in Africa: a critical literature review

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdoulkadre Ado ◽  
Zhan Su
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Current State ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Critical Literature

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to critically assesses the major contributions to the academic literature on China’s increased focus on Africa, from 2001 to 2011. It discusses the key trends concerning China’s presence in Africa and draws conclusions on the significance of the studies by emphasizing and contrasting the prevailing positions. Design/methodology/approach – Based on a qualitative approach using an integrative and comprehensive literature review, the authors performed a content analysis of high-impact, peer-reviewed papers. Findings – The paper questions and repositions some of the existing controversies. The results from existing studies remain questionable, requiring further clarification and more theoretical backing. It, moreover, highlights the notion that behind the explicit neutrality views of China’s presence in Africa, implicit assumptions may exist. These are often the differences in narratives conveyed by Western and Southern stakeholders. Research limitations/implications – Most of the conclusions drawn from this paper need to be re-explored and supported by additional research. This could be done by widening the scope of the analysis. Studies need to provide more empirical support for their assertions through quantitative data and evidence-based qualitative analyses – all within a framework that considers more cultural, social and historical dimensions. The paper also suggests that an institutionally based view appears most relevant in better explaining China in Africa. Originality/value – This paper reviews a decade of research on China in Africa and presents a snapshot of the current state of knowledge. It also raises concerns to be analyzed by future research and proposes new avenues for better understanding China’s presence in Africa.

scholarly journals Secularizing Effects of Christian Mission: Fifty Years After Elmer Miller’s “The Christian Missionary, Agent of Secularization”

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-76
Author(s):  
Maryse Kruithof
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
American Anthropologist ◽  
Christian Mission ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Primary Driver ◽  
Christian Missionary ◽  
Mission Field ◽  
Made In

Abstract It has been suggested that Christianity is inextricably linked with secularization due to its emphasis on purification and rationalization. But if we believe secularization in Europe is at least partly caused by internal developments within Christianity, may we then assume that secularization emerges wherever Christian missionaries are successful? Has the Christian mission unwittingly instigated secularization in its mission fields? This literature review analyses the argument that American anthropologist Elmer Miller made in the article “The Christian Missionary, Agent of Secularization” (1970) and explores whether his thesis has been confirmed in academic literature during the past fifty years. Miller presents rationalization as the primary driver of secularization and explains how missionaries have played a decisive role in this process. This paper demonstrates that while rationalization has often been mentioned as an effect of the Christian mission in other sources, the process has rarely been linked to secularization in the mission field.

scholarly journals Determining the Potential of Graduate Analytics Based on the iCGPA System: A Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-21
Author(s):  
Wan Nor Afiqah Wan Othman ◽  
Aziman Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Potential Utility ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Tracer Studies ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
System A

This study was conducted to address the issue of gathering information to track the career and accomplishments of graduates for quality improvement in higher education. Due to the lack of a convenient method to gather information using an efficient mechanism, this study reviewed graduate analytics based on the iCGPA system with the primary aim of examining its potential utility in such a system, and vice versa. A systematic literature review was conducted to integrate the relevant academic literature related to graduate analytics and iCGPA system. Using the PRISMA method, we identified 160 different articles, but only 125 met the specified inclusion criteria. Our analysis of the accepted articles to determine the potential of graduate analytics in iCGPA system, and vice versa, produced zero results where no intersection of the two topics could be found in the research literature from 2011 to 2018. Our findings indicate an acute lack of research in these two areas. However, we believe this gap can be minimized since there are already higher education institutions in Malaysia that are currently implementing the iCGPA system. The implementation could inform us regarding how graduate analytics can be used to expand the value of iCGPA for improving the quality of Malaysian higher education graduates. Keywords: Graduate analytics, iCGPA system, systematic literature review, graduate tracer studies, PRISMA method

Seeking elsewhere: a systematic review of literature surrounding attrition and retention of female architects in the profession post-registration

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marli Möller ◽  
Karine Dupré ◽  
Ruwan Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Attrition Rates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Women Architects ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Current State ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Social Debate

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to provide a global snapshot of the current state of knowledge regarding attrition rates of women architects. The intended audience includes all the stakeholders of the profession, as well as those interested in professional attrition studies, with the aim to contribute to a social debate, which places increasing value on diversity, equal representation and retention in this field.Design/methodology/approachThis paper has utilized the structured analytical technique of a systematic review of the scholarship involving scholarship published over two decades between the years 2000 and 2020. Having selected research on this topic following a series of exclusionary and inclusionary criteria for relevancy and accuracy, this select research has been categorically and thoroughly analyzed using this technique.FindingsThis literature review identifies four main recurring themes among the literature, which address this research question, including: (1). cross-national differences and similarities; (2) demotivating factors leading to attrition; (3) graduate/architect terminology, which blurs the distinction between participants in architecture; and (4) implications of female architects as represented in professional publications and the “reward system.” Consequently, this literature review finds that to date no singular cause can be pinpointed as the sole cause of women's attrition, but rather a series of complex and intertwining factors, some of them specific to the profession.Originality/valueThis paper suggests areas for further study into the reduction of attrition rates of registered women in this discipline, with an emphasis that further research may expand to focus rather on positive aspects of the profession resulting in areas of retention, which has been of little focus in current research. Additionally, these findings make suggestions toward a series of recommendations that may assist in framing the industry toward more positive and equitable career and industry trajectories.

European E-Health Framework

2013 ◽  
pp. 262-278
Author(s):  
Korinna Zoi Karamagkioli ◽  
Evika Karamagioli
Keyword(s):  
Health Systems ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
European Policy ◽  
European Level ◽  
Regulatory Issues ◽  
European Health

European health systems are under mounting pressure to respond to the challenges of population ageing, citizens’ rising expectations, migration, and mobility of patients and health professionals. New technologies have the potential to revolutionize healthcare and health systems and to contribute to their future sustainability. However the organizational and regulatory environment of e-health has not progressed as rapidly as technology both in national and European level. The key issue in the European sphere is whether and to what extent it interferes with public health policy and should be treated separately from the more “traditional” healthcare. The proposed chapter will define e-health from a European perspective, present the different steps of the European policy in the field, insist on the organizational and regulatory issues that arise and discuss drives and barriers towards achieving pan European “patient-friendly” healthcare services.

scholarly journals Improving Health Care Management in Primary Care for Homeless People: A Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Jego ◽  
J Abcaya ◽  
C Calvet-montredon ◽  
S Gentile
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
General Population ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Care Management ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Primary Health

Abstract Background Homeless people have poorer health status than the general population. They need complex care management, because of associated medical troubles (somatic and psychiatric) and social difficulties. However, they face multiple difficulties in accessing primary health care and receive less preventive health care than the general population. Methods We performed a literature review that included articles which described and evaluated primary care programs for homeless people. We searched into the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, COCHRANE library, and Cairn.info databases primary articles published between 1 January 2012 and 15 December 2016. We also performed a grey literature search, and we added relative articles as we read the references of the selected articles. We described the main characteristics of the primary care programs presented in the selected articles. Then we classified these characteristics in main categories, as a descriptive thematic analysis. Secondarily, we synthetized the main results about the evaluation of each intervention or organization. Results Most of the programs presented a team-based approach, multidisciplinary and/or integrated care. They often proposed co-located services between somatic health services, mental health services and social support services. They also tried to answer to the specific needs of homeless people. Some characteristics of these programs were associated with significant positive outcomes: tailored primary care organizations, clinic orientation, multidisciplinary team-based models which included primary care physicians and clinic nurses, integration of social support, and engagement in the community’s health. Conclusions Primary health care programs that aimed at taking care of the homeless people should emphasize a multidisciplinary approach and should consider an integrated (mental, somatic and social) care model. Key messages To improve the health care management of homeless people it seems necessary to priorize multidisciplinary approach, integrated care, involve community health and answer their specific needs. It is necessary to evaluate more non-tailored primary care programs that collaborate with tailored structures.

Variation in the prescription drugs covered by health systems across high-income countries: A review of and recommendations for the academic literature

Health Policy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-238
Author(s):  
Steven G. Morgan ◽  
Jamie R. Daw ◽  
Devon Greyson ◽  
Adrienne Shnier ◽  
Anne Holbrook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Systems ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
High Income ◽  
Academic Literature
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