Influence of compliance with protection measures to prevent contagion by Covid-19 during the first wave in the district of Barranca [Influencia del acatamiento de las medidas de protección para prevenir el contagio por Covid-19 durante la primera ola en el distrito de Barranca]

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Dante Cruz Nieto ◽  
Ronald Rodriguez Espinoza ◽  
William Guzmán Sánchez ◽  
Juan Ipanaqué Roña ◽  
Ronald Ramos Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Protection And Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Second Wave

The objective is to determine how compliance with the protection measures to prevent the spread of coronavirus influences the district of Barranca. The markets and banks were evaluated during the months from March to October 2020, taking as a sample 100 randomly selected people. Compliance with protection measures in the markets occurred gradually, being the month of August where the use of masks was observed in 100%, and in October 95% use of alcohol, 65% use of visors and 58% distancing. In banks, the use of masks reached 100% as of June, in September the use of disinfectant alcohol was 100%, 71% in visors and in October 100% distancing was obtained. It was compared with the results issued by the Ministry of Health, reaching a maximum value of 738 positives in August and a maximum of 33 deaths in June. Despite the protection regulations being complied with, the number of infections increased. However, it is necessary to efficiently intensify protection and control measures in order to avoid a second wave of infections.

scholarly journals Effect of the protection measures established by the peruvian government to prevent the Coronavirus in the Barranca district during the second wave of infections [Efecto de las medidas de protección establecidas por el gobierno peruano para prevenir el Coronavirus en el distrito de Barranca durante la segunda ola de contagios]

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dante Cruz Nieto ◽  
Ronald Rodriguez Espinoza ◽  
Olga Valderrama Rios ◽  
Jorge López Balarezo ◽  
Ronald Ramos Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
The Government ◽  
Second Wave

The objective of the investigation is to establish the effect of the protection measures established by the government to reduce the contagion by Covid -19 in the district of Barranca during the second wave of infections. Data were collected on compliance with protection measures such as distancing, use of masks, visors and disinfection with alcohol in public places such as streets, markets, banks and parks. For this, data collection instruments based on visual inspection were used to verify the appropriate use of protection measures, as well as a survey regarding the use of alcohol as a disinfectant; and the data obtained was processed through basic statistics and correlation with the data reported by the Ministry of Health of positive infections by Covid-19. It was determined that there is a growth relationship between compliance with protection measures and the number of positive infections, with correlation coefficients for distance of 0.7458, use of 0.6710 masks, 0.8784 visors and use of alcohol as a disinfectant of 0.7310. Regarding the analysis of variance, it is obtained that the use of visors influences the number of positive infections, which is why it is concluded that maintaining distance, in addition to the use of masks and disinfectant alcohol are effective measures to control the number of infections per coronavirus.

scholarly journals Knowledge and awareness about airborne pathogens and its prevention among the general public

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 279-286
Author(s):  
Ashritha M ◽  
Geetha R V ◽  
Jayalakshmi Somasundaram
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
The People ◽  
Airborne Disease ◽  
Protection And Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

The airborne disease is mainly caused by the pathogens, which spread through respiratory droplets while coughing, sneezing or talking. Infection protection and control measures are taken to prevent the possible spread of , which also spreads through respiratory droplets. Discharged microbes are suspended in the air as dust particles and even in the form of droplets. The Middle East respiratory syndrome is caused by wherein the health workers are at a higher risk. Hence, awareness must be created in order to reduce a number of cases. The preventive measures are mainly taken in health care as patients are susceptible to diseases. It is essential for all the people to become aware and take steps according. The survey was distributed online to around 100 participants of various places of Tamil regarding the awareness of airborne pathogens. From this above study, it could be noticed that around 85% of the people are aware of the airborne pathogen whereas 15% of the people are not aware of. 64% of people have a good knowledge of the symptoms of any type of airborne disease. the protective measures that must be taken, about 65% of the people are conscious of doing it. The study concludes that there is awareness of airborne pathogens and its prevention among the general public.

scholarly journals Characterising within-hospital SARS-CoV-2 transmission events: a retrospective analysis integrating epidemiological and viral genomic data from a UK tertiary care setting across two pandemic waves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin B Lindsey ◽  
Ch. Julián Villabona-Arenas ◽  
Finlay Campbell ◽  
Alexander J Keeley ◽  
Matthew D Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
And Control ◽  
Second Wave

Objectives - To characterise within-hospital SARS-CoV-2 transmission across two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Design - A retrospective Bayesian modelling study to reconstruct transmission chains amongst 2181 patients and healthcare workers using combined viral genomic and epidemiological data. Setting - A large UK NHS Trust with over 1400 beds and employing approximately 17,000 staff. Participants - 780 patients and 522 staff testing SARS-CoV-2 positive between 1st March 2020 and 25th July 2020 (Wave 1); and 580 patients and 299 staff testing SARS-CoV-2 positive between 30th November 2020 and 24th January 2021 (Wave 2). Main outcome measures - Transmission pairs including who-infected-whom; location of transmission events in hospital; number of secondary cases from each individual, including differences in onward transmission from community and hospital onset patient cases. Results - Staff-to-staff transmission was estimated to be the most frequent transmission type during Wave 1 (31.6% of observed hospital-acquired infections; 95% CI 26.9 to 35.8%), decreasing to 12.9% (95% CI 9.5 to 15.9%) in Wave 2. Patient-to-patient transmissions increased from 27.1% in Wave 1 (95% CI 23.3 to 31.4%) to 52.1% (95% CI 48.0 to 57.1%) in Wave 2, to become the predominant transmission type. Over 50% of hospital-acquired infections were concentrated in 8/120 locations in Wave 1 and 10/93 locations in Wave 2. Approximately 40% to 50% of hospital-onset patient cases resulted in onward transmission compared to less than 4% of definite community-acquired cases. Conclusions - Prevention and control measures that evolved during the COVID-19 pandemic may have had a significant impact on reducing infections between healthcare workers, but were insufficient during the second wave to prevent a high number of patient-to-patient transmissions. As hospital-acquired cases appeared to drive most onward transmissions, more frequent and rapid identification and isolation of these cases will be required to break hospital transmission chains in subsequent pandemic waves

Environmental Impact Analysis and Control Measures in Tunnel Construction

2011 ◽  
Vol 90-93 ◽  
pp. 3250-3253
Author(s):  
Lei Jia ◽  
Ting Lei ◽  
Song Hong Yan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Tunnel Construction ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Environmental Impact Analysis ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Engineering Projects

The impact of tunnel construction upon the environment is analyzed from the perspective of ecology, air, sound and society respectively. In the case of Three Ponds Tunnel, risk assessment is made on the environmental impact in different stages of tunnel construction. Environmental protection measures are put forward, which can serve as reference for environmental protection in the construction of similar geotecnical engineering projects.

scholarly journals Nota Técnica da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária nº 04/2020: oportunidades de aperfeiçoamento e ampliação da proteção para a Enfermagem

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2.ESP) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Aparecida Amaro Malvestio ◽  
Eduardo Fernando De Souza
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Communicable Disease Control ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Technical Documents ◽  
Nursing Professionals ◽  
And Control

Objetivos: Apresentar e analisar oportunidades de aperfeiçoamento das medidas de proteção previstas na Nota Técnica 004/2020 da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil, em sua 4ª. atualização, com vistas a promover maior proteção aos profissionais de saúde, em especial, da Enfermagem. Método: Análise argumentativa e propositiva da nota da Anvisa embasada em documentos técnicos nacionais e internacionais. Discussão: São apresentadas 10 sugestões de aperfeiçoamento que envolvem a incorporação e revisão de medidas de prevenção e controle de exposição nos diferentes ambientes de cuidado. Considerações Finais: É necessário aperfeiçoar rapidamente os documentos técnicos. Orientações assertivas e oportunas auxiliam os gestores na composição de um plano de contingência eficaz na prevenção e controle da COVID 19.Descritores: Infecções por Coronavirus; Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis; Equipamento de Proteção Individual. Technical Note from National Health Surveillance Agency in Brazil No. 04/2020: opportunities for improving and expanding protection for NursingObjectives: To present and analyze opportunities for improving the protection measures provided for in the Technical Note 004/2020 of the National Health Surveillance Agency of the Ministry of Health of Brazil, in its 4th. update, with a view to promoting greater protection for nursing professionals. Method: An argumentative and purposeful analysis of the note of National Health Surveillance Agency in Brazil based on national and international technical documents. Discussion: 10 suggestions for improvement are presented that involve the incorporation and review of prevention and exposure control measures in different care environments. Final Considerations: It is necessary to improve technical documents quickly. Assertive and timely guidelines assist managers in composing an effective contingency plan in the prevention and control of COVID 19.Descriptors: Coronavirus infections; Communicable Disease Control; Personal Protective Equipment. Nota Técnica da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária do Brasil No. 04/2020: oportunidades para mejorar y ampliar la protección de EnfermeríaObjetivos: Presentar y analizar oportunidades para mejorar las medidas de protección previstas en la Nota técnica 004/2020 de la Agencia Nacional de Vigilancia Sanitaria del Ministerio de Salud de Brasil, en su 4to. actualización, con el fin de promover una mayor protección para los profesionales de enfermería. Método: Análisis argumentativo y resuelto de la nota de Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária do Brasil basada en documentos técnicos nacionales e internacionales. Discusión: se presentan 10 sugerencias de mejora que implican la incorporación y revisión de medidas de prevención y control de exposición en diferentes entornos de atención. Consideraciones finales: es necesario mejorar rápidamente los documentos técnicos. Las pautas asertivas y oportunas ayudan a los gerentes a componer un plan de contingencia efectivo en la prevención y control de COVID 19.Descriptores: Infecciones por Coronavirus; Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles; Equipo de Protección Personal.

Water Resources of the Danube River Basin; Sources of Pollution and Control and Protection Measures

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Milorad Miloradov
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
The Danube River ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
And Control ◽  
Danube River Basin

This paper discusses the basic characteristics of the water resources of the Danube River basin, including the contributions of the territories of the individual states to the discharge volume of the river. The paper further outlines the major sources of pollution and the trends of various water quality parameters (e.g., BOD5 and nitrates) at the profile of the Danube flowing into Yugoslavia. Finally, the main protection and control measures necessary to safeguard the waters of the Danube River basin from degradation are discussed.

scholarly journals Incidencia de la exposición a los rayos X en cirugías de columna. [Incidence of X-rays exposure in spinal surgeries.]

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-215
Author(s):  
Pedro Luis Bazán ◽  
Roberto Muscia ◽  
Joaquin Gomez Cano ◽  
Jossy Corrales Pinto ◽  
Álvaro Enrique Borri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Spinal Surgery ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Protection And Control ◽  
And Control

Introducción: El control radioscópico intraoperatorio es una práctica cada vez más frecuente, que no está libre de eventos adversos para el personal de la salud.Objetivos: Conocer la tasa de uso de radioscopia en la cirugía vertebral, reconocer las medidas de control, evaluar la asimilación del cirujano a los elementos de protección y analizar los eventos adversos en estos profesionales.Materiales y Métodos: Se envió, por correo electrónico, a cirujanos espinales, una encuesta de 17 preguntas de opciones múltiples.Resultados: Se recibieron 55 encuestas. El 87% se dedicaba a la columna, en más del 60% de sus prácticas. El arco en C es el método más utilizado para el control final, en forma pulsátil. Solo el 31% controla el tiempo real. El delantal plomado de una pieza es el método más utilizado, pero se desconoce cuándo se debe reemplazar. La mitad utiliza más de un elemento. Siete casos de trastornos visuales, 5 patologías tiroideas, 3 dermatitis y 2 casos de infertilidad. Tres cirujanos fueron operados por nódulos tiroideos, cataratas o neoplasia.Conclusiones: El control radioscópico intraoperatorio es una práctica frecuente en la cirugía espinal. El delantal plomado de una pieza es el método más utilizado y, muchas veces, se lo combina, pero se desconoce cuándo se deben renovar los plomados. Uno de cada tres cirujanos presentaron las patologías evaluadas y 3, cirugías relacionadas. Así queda en evidencia la protección y el control escasos que existen en los cirujanos especialistas, acompañados de una falta de protocolización que deja a la deriva este control. AbstractBackground: Intraoperative radiographic control (IRC) is an increasingly common practice, but it causes certain adverse events for healthcare providers.Objectives: To measure the use of fluoroscopy in spinal surgery, recognize control measures, evaluate assimilation of protection elements by surgeons, and analyze adverse events for spinal surgeons.Materials and Methods: A survey of 17 multiple-choice questions was e-mailed to spinal surgeons.Results: 55 surveys were answered. More than 60% of surgeons were spinal surgeons. The C-arm is the most widely used machine for final control by pulsating X-rays. Real-time controls are carried out in 31% of cases. One-piece leaded aprons are the most commonly used method, but it is unknown when they should be replaced. Half of the respondents uses more than one protection element. There were seven cases of vision changes, 5 of thyroid disorders, 3 of dermatitis, and 2 of infertility. Three surgeons required surgery for thyroid nodules, cataracts or neoplasm.Conclusions: IRC is a common practice in spinal surgery. One-piece leaded aprons are the most commonly used method and they are often combined with other elements, but it is not known when aprons must be replaced. One in 3 surgeons suffered from the studied conditions, and there were 3 related surgeries. Lack of adequate protection and control is a reality for specialist surgeons, together with a lack of protocols, making this an unregulated issue. 

scholarly journals Optimization Method for Multiple Measures to Mitigate Line Overloads in Power Systems

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6201
Author(s):  
Jinghan He ◽  
Ninghui Han ◽  
Ziqi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Modeling Process ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Power Flow Tracing ◽  
Line Overload ◽  
Protection And Control ◽  
And Control

Line overload is one of the important causal factors of cascading failures and blackouts in power systems. An optimization method for protection and control measures to mitigate line overloads is proposed in this study. The method consists of two main parts, i.e., the modeling process and the solving process. In the modeling process, an optimization model including overload protection and emergency control measures is developed using PFT (Power Flow Tracing). In the solving process, a multi-stage optimization method using IBSO (Improved Brain Storm Optimization algorithm) is proposed to obtain the final result. The aim of this study is to form a coordinated protection and control strategy that reduces the power on the overloaded line within the safety limits and minimizes the load loss of the power system. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

scholarly journals Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Cardarelli
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Exposure Limits ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Public Exposure ◽  
Protection And Control ◽  
And Control

This chapter describes ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation, ways to measure it in the environment, describes the potential health effects from chronic and acute exposures as well as a discussion addressing pregnancy concerns. Background radiation from both sources are described in relation to occupational or public exposure limits and how these limits were derived. Among the subjects described are acute radiation syndrome, exposure assessment, radon, and assessment of radiation risk. Radiation protection and control measures are described and how their applications may change based on routine vs. emergency response conditions and the scale of the incident.

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