scholarly journals THE NATIONAL-PHILOSOPHICAL CONCEPTUALITY OF THE JOURNALISTIC DISCOURSE OF E. MALANIUK'S ESSAYS

2020 ◽  
Vol 9.1 (85.1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelia Momot ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Original Position ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Philosophical Orientation ◽  
Analytical Work ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
The One ◽  
Intellectual Potential ◽  
International Branding ◽  
Form Of Expression

The article presents a scientific substantiation regarding the specifics and national-philosophical orientation of E. Malaniuk's literary essays. It is determined that for him it became a form of expression of the ideological culturological model of Ukraine. The poet's national-philosophical position in Ukraine and then abroad is characterized by the invariability of interpretation. For Malaniuk, the form of expression of national meaning was formed in poetry, and the deep worldview culturological model of Ukraine appeared in literary essays. The issues that arise in the process of comprehending the author's essay work, in particular the national-philosophical context of his literary-critical research, are covered. Malaniuk's essays ask and seek answers to serious questions: first, what caused the fatal Ukrainian history; secondly, how to influence the genetic spiritual shortcomings of Ukrainians; third, how to strengthen faith and national identity. Emphasis is placed on the phenomenon of intellectual potential of essay texts, Malaniuk's creative personality and his role in forming the position of Ukrainians in emigration. It is stated that the literary essay has become a model of creative and at the same time analytical work of the author, which is based on a significant array of interpretations of European cultural heritage. "The Book of Observations" in two volumes, Malaniuk's notebooks confirm the authentic methods of the essayist, his approaches and complex artistic interpretations. Malaniuk's essays are a deeply meaningful phenomenon that represents his legacy as an intellectual original position of focusing on the national question. His national philosophy, basically artistic, is based on the literary-theoretical concept that Malaniuk formed in his own essays, which arose on a certain margin of his life. It is concluded that the ideas expressed in his essays demonstrate the progress of the Ukrainian national idea and its active viability in emigration. The invariability of the position, the unshakable rank of Malaniuk not only attracts public attention, but acts as a leading position in the existence of Ukrainians in exile. His essays worked and, most importantly, are now able to work as a weapon in two directions: on the one hand, aimed at the colonial (and now – postcolonial) consciousness of mainland Ukrainians; on the other – positioning and perception of Ukraine by another spiritual environment on other continents (international branding in the world spiritual dimension).

Making Geoeconomics an IR Research Program

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Jung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Grand Strategy ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Parsimonious Explanation ◽  
Conceptual Clarity ◽  
The One ◽  
New Research

Abstract In contrast to growing public attention to geoeconomics as the new mode of conducting great power competition, the IR discipline has not actively engaged in conceptual and theoretical analysis from the geoeconomic viewpoint. This article examines issues that geoeconomics needs to solve to become a new theoretical framework in the positivist “American” IR scholarship that dominates research on great power competition. On the one hand, the concept of geoeconomics needs to be redefined and account for a phenomenon that is not already covered in extant IR scholarship. Thus, geoeconomics should be considered as a form of grand strategy and defined as the use of economic instruments to advance mid- to long-term strategic interests in a geographical region of the world. On the other hand, geoeconomics in positivist IR should take into account international economic structure and domestic politics in developing a parsimonious explanation for the conditions to employ geoeconomic grand strategy. In this process, the theorist needs to make an analytical choice to concentrate on certain factors and mechanisms to assure theoretical parsimony. This article concludes that addressing the issues of conceptual clarity and parsimonious theorization would potentially allow geoeconomics to become a new research program in positivist IR.

scholarly journals The light of freedom in the age of enlightenment (2): England and France

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-155
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Molnar
Keyword(s):  
United States Of America ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
The Political ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Age Of Enlightenment ◽  
The One ◽  
Early 18Th Century

Although the philosophy (as well as the whole movement) of Enlightenment was born in the Netherlands and England in the late 17th and early 18th century, there were considerable problems in defying the freedom. By the mid 18th century, under the influence of ?national mercantilism? (Max Weber), the freedom was perceived in more and more collective terms, giving bith to the political option of national liberalism. That is why in the second half of 18th century this two countries have been progresively loosing importance for the movement of Enlightenment and two new countries emerged at its leading position, striving for democratic liberalism: United States of America and France. However, individual freedom faced not one, but two dangers during its philosophical and institutional development in the Age of Enlightenment: on the one hand, the danger of wanishing in the national freedom, and, on the other hand, the danger of becoming unbound and (self)destructive. The emerging (national) liberalism in England in the 18th century witnessed the first danger, while the second danger appeared in the wake of the Franch revolution. The French were the first in the Modern epohe to realise that the light of freedom is to powerful to be used without considerable precaussions in the establishement of liberal civil society. Therefore, some moderation hat to be taken into consideration. The idea of humanity, i.e. human rights, was at the end found as most helpful in solving the task of preserving individual freedom, without sacrifying social bonds between free individuals.

scholarly journals «Сталин и Мао слушают вас»: образы лидеров СССР и КНР на страницах журнала «Огонек» (1949–1953 гг.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-594
Author(s):  
Andrey A. Avdashkin ◽  
◽  
Igor V. Sibiryakov ◽  
Tatyana V. Raeva
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
The One

The aim of the article is to examine the process of constructing the images of Stalin and Mao Zedong in the material of Soviet central newspapers on the themes of the Peoples’ Republic of China (PRC) and Soviet-Chinese friendship. Our focus on the techniques of such constructions allow for dealing with a number of research issues, such as which conceptions of the political leaders were rendered to the Soviet audiences and in which way was this implemented; was there a potential for dynamics in treating the subjects and if this was the case what were the factors that played a role in such dynamics. Data and methods. For our database of primary sources we have chosen the ”Ogonyok” issues published in the period between October 1949 and March 1953. The authors of the present article were interested in references in the magazine texts but also in the images of Stalin and Mao. Hence, the research lens of historical imagology allowed us to examine the images under study as complex synthetical constructions, the constructions that were impacted by inner and outer factors in play in the Soviet society itself, including its political culture, the specific features of representations in the sphere of internationl relations, etc. The illustrative material was used for the sake of further verification and detailization. Results. The ”Ogonyok” material on the theme of Soviet-Chinese friendship included a considerable amount of texts and their visual supplements, with Stalin and Mao as their central personages. The thematical distribution of the database has shown that its main themes are Soviet-Chinese friendship described in hierarchical terms as the ”teacher-pupil” relationship, the achievements of socialist transformation in China, etc. Conclusions. The personification of the images of the leaders of the USSR and the PRC was designed to promote the positive attitudes towards the main Soviet ally, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, to contribute to the legitimization of the USSR’s leading position not only in the Soviet-Chinese interaction, but in the whole of the Socialist world as well. Mao’s leading role in the transformations of the Chinese society confirmed to the Soviet audiences the correctness of the development model in the Soviet Union itself. Numerous presentations of the good will with which the Chinese side was ready to follow the ”Stalin recipe” in building socialism served as a marker that the ”great friendship” was under Moscow’s control.

The Revolutionary Conservatism of Normal Science

2020 ◽  
pp. 167-160
Author(s):  
Evgeniy V. Maslanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Normal Science ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Research Practices ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Science Subject

The article analyzes the functioning of normal science. It has conservative fea­tures and implies the restriction of research practices to solving puzzle, rarely reflects on the ontological assumptions of its own paradigm. Such functioning of normal science allows it to solve a large number of various scientific and sci­entific-technical problems. As a result, normal science is developing quite rapidly. At the same time, revolutionary features can be distinguished in its func­tioning. They are associated with the struggle of each specific normal science for its position in the field of science, in the desire, through the dissemination of the results of its research beyond the scientific community and active participa­tion in the examination, to enlist the support of extra-scientific actors. Alliances with extra-scientific actors allow normal sciences to actively participate in the struggle for the redistribution of public attention and the financing of scientific research. With the help of such alliances, they are trying to introduce the results of their research into industry and public life. The success of such implementa­tions leads to an active redistribution of positions in the field of science. In this case, the revolutionary element of normal science is associated not with the de­sire to reconsider the fundamental ideas underlying it, but in the desire to rebuild the system of relations within the field of science, to take a leading position in it. As a result, it is concluded that the successful functioning of normal science is associated with the desire to make permanent micro-revolutions in the field of science, subject to a conservatively protective attitude to the fundamental as­sumptions of its own paradigm.

scholarly journals Sarvāstivāda Buddhist Theories of Temporality and the Pātañjala Yoga Theory of Transformation (pariṇāma)

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 963-1003
Author(s):  
Philipp A. Maas
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Characteristic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Pure Consciousness ◽  
Philosophical Debate ◽  
Philosophical Orientation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Ontological Entity ◽  
The One

AbstractThis article discusses a peculiar Sā$$\dot {\text{n}}$$ n ˙ khya-Yoga theory of transformation (pariṇāma) that the author of the Pātañjalayogaśāstra created by drawing upon Sarvāstivāda Buddhist theories of temporality. In developing his theory, Patañjali adaptively reused the wording in which the Sarvāstivāda theories were formulated, the specific objections against these theories, and their refutations to win the philosophical debate about temporality against Sarvāstivāda Buddhism. Patañjali’s approach towards the Sarvāstivāda Buddhist theories was possible, even though his system of Yoga is based on an ontology that differs considerably from that of Sarvāstivāda Buddhism because both systems share the philosophical view that time is not a separate ontological entity in itself. Time is a concept deduced from change in the empirical world. This agreement results from the common philosophical orientation of Sarvāstivāda Buddhism and Yoga, which takes the phenomenon of experience as the basis of philosophical enquiry into the structure of the world. The intention that guided Patañjali’s adaptive reuse was twofold. On the one hand, he aimed at winning the debate with Sarvāstivāda Buddhism about how the problem of temporality can be solved. He thus integrated four mutually exclusive theories on temporality into a single theory of transformation of properties (dharma) involving a second-level and a third-level theory on the transformation of the temporal characteristic mark (lakṣaṇa) and on the transformation of states (avasthā), respectively. On the other hand, Patañjali intended to achieve philosophical clarification regarding the question of how exactly properties relate to their underlying substrate in the process of transformation of the three constituents or forces (guṇa) sattva, rajas and tamas of matter (pradhāna) that account for all phenomena of the world except pure consciousness (puruṣa). Patañjali’s theory of transformation is thus of central importance for his Sā$$\dot {\text{n}}$$ n ˙ khya ontology, according to which the world consists of 25 categories or constituents (tattva), i.e., of primal matter (prakṛti) and its transformations and pure consciousness.

scholarly journals RIGOR MORTIS AND THE INFLUENCE OF CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM SALTS UPON ITS DEVELOPMENT

1908 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Meltzer ◽  
John Auer
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Original Position ◽  
Rigor Mortis ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Magnesium Salts ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Ion Effects ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

Calcium salts hasten and magnesium salts retard the development of rigor mortis, that is, when these salts are administered subcutaneously or intravenously. When injected intra-arterially, concentrated solutions of both kinds of salts cause nearly an immediate onset of a strong stiffness of the muscles which is apparently a contraction, brought on by a stimulation caused by these salts and due to osmosis. This contraction, if strong, passes over without a relaxation into a real rigor. This form of rigor may be classed as work-rigor (Arbeitsstarre). In animals, at least in frogs, with intact cords, the early contraction and the following rigor are stronger than in animals with destroyed cord. If M/8 solutions—nearly equimolecular to "physiological" solutions of sodium chloride—are used, even when injected intra-arterially, calcium salts hasten and magnesium salts retard the onset of rigor. The hastening and retardation in this case as well as in the cases of subcutaneous and intravenous injections, are ion effects and essentially due to the cations, calcium and magnesium. In the rigor hastened by calcium the effects of the extensor muscles mostly prevail; in the rigor following magnesium injection, on the other hand, either the flexor muscles prevail or the muscles become stiff in the original position of the animal at death. There seems to be no difference in the degree of stiffness in the final rigor, only the onset and development of the rigor is hastened in the case of the one salt and retarded in the other. Calcium hastens also the development of heat rigor. No positive facts were obtained with regard to the effect of magnesium upon heat vigor. Calcium also hastens and magnesium retards the onset of rigor in the left ventricle of the heart. No definite data were gathered with regard to the effects of these salts upon the right ventricle.

On Legal Nature, Concept and System of Criminal-Procedural Coercion

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Светлана Вершинина ◽  
Svetlana Vershinina
Keyword(s):  
Logical Structure ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The One ◽  
Judicial Procedure

Revealing the legal nature of criminal procedural coercion, the author recognizes its dependency on the procedural obligations of the parties to the judicial procedure which, being enshrined in the existing law, form a model of proper behavior and determine the kind, scope and content of possible and necessary force in criminal proceedings. On this basis the author analyzes the procedure presented in the science, definition of the concept and system of criminal procedural coercion and concludes about the multidimensionality of understanding the procedural coercion and the need for its research in three areas: 1) theoretical concept explaining this phenomenon from the standpoint of social significance, and expressing a certain vision of this phenomenon in the relevant historical period; 2) as legal education covering a specific set of legal provisions governing compulsion in criminal proceedings, and that are in line with the logical structure of the rules of law; 3) as a set of coercive measures envisaged by the Code of Criminal Procedure, the contents of which include on the one hand, real actions and/or decisions of officials, who apply coercion, and, on the other hand, procedural rights and obligations of participants who are exposed to compulsory coercion.

scholarly journals Ravitsejad Siberi eesti kogukondades

Mäetagused ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 89-110
Author(s):  
Anu Korb ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Folk Healing ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
The People ◽  
God's Word ◽  
The Family ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Healing Tradition

The article is based on manuscripts as well as sound and video recordings on folk medicine collected during fieldwork conducted by the researchers of the Estonian Folklore Archives in 1991–2013 from Estonians born and raised in different Siberian Estonian communities. The ancestors of the visited Estonians had either left their homeland in search of land in the last decades of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries or were descendants of those deported and exiled by the Russian tsarist authorities in the first half of the 19th century. Fieldwork at Siberian Estonians in the last decade of the 20th century enriched the Estonian Folklore Archives with invaluable lore material, including the material related to folk medicine. Although the advance of the state medicine system with small hospitals and first aid posts had reached Siberian villages half a century before, and the activity of healers had been banned for decades, the collectors were surprised by the number of healers in villages and the extent of the practical use of folk medicine. The folk medicine tradition was upheld mostly by older women (as was the case also with other fields of lore), which resulted, on the one hand, from the demographic situation, and, on the other hand, from women’s leading position in the preservation of communal traditions. In the older Siberian Estonian communities, which had been established by the deportees (e.g. Ülem(Upper)-Suetuk, Ryzhkovo), it was believed that healing words and skills were available and could be learned by anyone; they were often compared to God’s word. Some people thought that knowledge and skills could only be shared with those younger than yourself. In the villages established by exiles people were considerably more cautious about passing on healing words and the like. In most villages with southern Estonian background, healing charms were kept in secret, as it was believed that when sharing their knowledge, the healers would lose their abilities. It was only at their death’s door that the healers selected their successor. Not all the people who were offered to learn the healing skills were ready to accept the responsibility. The first or last child in the family was thought to have more prerequisites for becoming a good healer. In the first decade of the 21st century, the situation with passing on the healing words and skills had changed considerably in older Siberian villages. Many of the healers had passed away, and there were not enough young people who were interested in continuing the tradition. So the healing skills inevitably concentrated into the hands of a few wise women. Currently, the folk healing tradition in Siberian Estonian communities is fading away, above all, due to the fast aging and diminishing of the communities.

scholarly journals Genesis, Evolution and Indicators of Leadership in the World Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 199-207
Author(s):  
Alexey N. Yeletsky ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Effective Combination ◽  
The World ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
Economic Leadership

The article reflects the results of scientific research on leadership in the world economy. The purpose of the article is to analyze the problems of determining the key factors of the genesis and evolution of this phenomenon, as well as to identify indicators of the leading position of countries in the global economy. The relevance of the topic is due to the current global processes of the structural shifts within the world economic system and trends concerning a new change in the geo-economic leadership. Based on the world-system methodology, the geo-economic approach, as well as the comparative and historical methods in economics, methods of global political economy, the author developed and demonstrated their synergic potential applied to the research of the world economy’s evolution. Heuristic possibilities of the methodological-theoretical concept of a geo-economic polarity (including multipolarity) are used. The author concludes that the leadership is characterized by the presence of immanent factors that determine the genesis of becoming a leader. It is substantiated the significance of each of these factors and proved that their effective combination leads to the formation of a leadership in the global economy. The article provides and describes the chronological periodization of leadership, and its universal triggers, which are unique for each specific stage of the world economy’s development. It is established the presence of key indicators that reflect this leadership, and emphasizes the change and expansion of the range of these indicators in the process of the evolutionary development of productive forces. It is justified that current leadership tends to geographic dispersion and is expressed in the gradual establishment of a geo-economic multipolarity of the world economy. The article predicts the current change in the nature of geo-economic leadership itself.

scholarly journals DIRECTIONS OF PERSPECTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION OF THE REGIONAL TOURIST COMPLEX OF KHMELNYTSKY REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-163
Author(s):  
Olesia Dolynska
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Regional Center ◽  
Primary Network ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Territorial Organization ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
Tourist Center ◽  
The One

The directions of perspective development of the territorial organization of the regional tourist complex of Khmelnytsky region are analyzed. As part of the regional tourist complex of Khmelnytsky region, we have identified point elements of the territorial structure: 2 bifunctional tourist nodes; 10 bifunctional tourist centers; 1 monofunctional tourist center; 17 bifunctional tourist points; 18 monofunctional tourist points. Four clusters are distinguished. The most complex territorial formations in the regional tourist complex of Khmelnytsky region are Khmelnytsky and Kamyanets-Podilsky bifunctional dispersed bushes. The main branch directions of perspective development of tourist activity of Khmelnytsky region are considered. As part of the improvement of the territorial organization of the regional tourist complex, it is necessary to pay attention first of all to the intensification of activities to complete the formation of existing tourist dispersed bushes. It is necessary to promote the establishment of Kamyanets-Podilsky as a tourist «superpoint» of the national level. It is advisable to form on the basis of this city a complex dispersed tourist bush, which should take a leading position in the development of tourism in the Khmelnytsky region. In order to reduce the polarization of the tourist regional complex, to promote the completion of the formation of tourist scattered bushes in other areas of the region. Of particular importance is its development on the basis of the regional center, which has the most favorable transport and geographical position in the region. It is expedient to build a primary network of tourist points and centers in the most promising 13 rural settlements, as well as to create two tourist clusters (Medzhibizh and Sataniv). Of particular importance is the development of a network of agricultural settlements, which will attract existing from the monuments of nature, history and culture. Thus, on the one hand, it is necessary to promote the establishment of Kamyanets-Podilsky as a tourist "superpoint" of the national level. It is advisable to form on the basis of this city a complex dispersed tourist bush, which should take a leading position in the development of tourism in the Khmelnytsky region. On the other hand, in order to reduce the polarization of the tourist regional complex, it is advisable to help complete the formation of tourist scattered bushes in other areas of the region. Of particular importance in this context is its development on the basis of the regional center, which has the most favorable transport and geographical position in the region. Also expedient, in our opinion, is the development of the primary network of tourist points and centers in the most promising 13 rural settlements, as well as the creation of two tourist clusters on the basis of the villages of Medzhibizh and Sataniv. Of particular importance in this context is the development of a network of agro-villages, which will involve in tourism activities of national importance monuments of nature, history, culture, as well as partially relevant monuments of local importance in the Khmelnytsky region. Key words: development, territorial organization, regional tourist complex, Khmelnytsky region.

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