scholarly journals MULTI-LABEL CLASSIFICATION FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY RECOGNITION FROM VARIOUS ACCELEROMETER SENSOR POSITIONS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raihani Mohamed ◽  
Mohammad Noorazlan Shah Zainudin ◽  
Md. Nasir Sulaiman ◽  
Thinagaran Perumal ◽  
Norwati Mustapha
Keyword(s):  
Activity Recognition ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Classification Result ◽  
Accelerometer Sensor ◽  
Classification Technique ◽  
Build Time ◽  
Physical Activity Recognition ◽  
Multi Class Classification ◽  
Sensor Positions

In recent years, the use of accelerometers embedded in smartphones for Human Activity Recognition (HAR) has been well considered. Nevertheless, the role of the sensor placement is yet to  be  explored  and  needs  to  be  further  investigated. In this study, we investigated the role of sensor placements for recognizing various types of physical activities using the accelerometer sensor embedded in the smartphone. In fact, most of the reported work in HAR utilized traditional multi-class classification approaches to determine the types of activities. Hence, this study was to recognize the activity based on the best sensor placements that are appropriate to the activity performed. The traditional multi-class classification approach required more manual work and was time consuming to run the experiment separately. Thus, this study proposed the multi- label classification technique with the Label Combination (LC) approach in order to tackle this issue. The result was compared with several state-of-the-art traditional multi-class classification approaches. The multi-label classification result significantly outperformed the traditional multi-class classification methods as well as minimized the model build time.

scholarly journals MULTI-LABEL CLASSIFICATION FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY RECOGNITION FROM VARIOUS ACCELEROMETER SENSOR POSITIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raihani Mohamed ◽  
Mohammad Noorazlan Shah Zainudin ◽  
Md Nasir Sulaiman ◽  
Thinagaran Perumal ◽  
Norwati Mustapha
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Recognition ◽  
Accelerometer Sensor ◽  
Physical Activity Recognition ◽  
Sensor Positions

scholarly journals Dynamic Segmentation for Physical Activity Recognition Using a Single Wearable Sensor

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2633
Author(s):  
Nora Alhammad ◽  
Hmood AlDossari
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Recognition ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Window Size ◽  
Sliding Window ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Accelerometer Sensor ◽  
Dynamic Segmentation ◽  
Physical Activity Recognition ◽  
Window Approach

Data segmentation is an essential process in activity recognition when using machine learning techniques. Previous studies on physical activity recognition have mostly relied on the sliding window approach for segmentation. However, choosing a fixed window size for multiple activities with different durations may affect recognition accuracy, especially when the activities belong to the same category (i.e., dynamic or static). This paper presents and verifies a new method for dynamic segmentation of physical activities performed during the rehabilitation of individuals with spinal cord injuries. To adaptively segment the raw data, signal characteristics are analyzed to determine the suitable type of boundaries. Then, the algorithm identifies the time boundaries to represent the start- and endpoints of each activity. To verify the method and build a predictive model, an experiment was conducted in which data were collected using a single wrist-worn accelerometer sensor. The experimental results were compared with the sliding window approach, indicating that the proposed method outperformed the sliding window approach in terms of overall accuracy, which exceeded 5%, as well as model robustness. The results also demonstrated efficient physical activity segmentation using the proposed method, resulting in high classification performance for all activities considered.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Effectiveness and Contribution of Each Axis of Tri-Axial Accelerometer Sensor for Accurate Activity Recognition

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Rehman Javed ◽  
Muhammad Usman Sarwar ◽  
Suleman Khan ◽  
Celestine Iwendi ◽  
Mohit Mittal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Recognition ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Accelerometer Sensor ◽  
Daily Life Activities ◽  
Adaptive Services ◽  
Physical Activity Recognition ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Mlp Classifier

Recognizing human physical activities from streaming smartphone sensor readings is essential for the successful realization of a smart environment. Physical activity recognition is one of the active research topics to provide users the adaptive services using smart devices. Existing physical activity recognition methods lack in providing fast and accurate recognition of activities. This paper proposes an approach to recognize physical activities using only2-axes of the smartphone accelerometer sensor. It also investigates the effectiveness and contribution of each axis of the accelerometer in the recognition of physical activities. To implement our approach, data of daily life activities are collected labeled using the accelerometer from 12 participants. Furthermore, three machine learning classifiers are implemented to train the model on the collected dataset and in predicting the activities. Our proposed approach provides more promising results compared to the existing techniques and presents a strong rationale behind the effectiveness and contribution of each axis of an accelerometer for activity recognition. To ensure the reliability of the model, we evaluate the proposed approach and observations on standard publicly available dataset WISDM also and provide a comparative analysis with state-of-the-art studies. The proposed approach achieved 93% weighted accuracy with Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) classifier, which is almost 13% higher than the existing methods.

Coinage and the Tributary Mode of Production

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Manzano Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Role ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
The Social ◽  
Simple Question ◽  
Mode Of Production

This chapter addresses a very simple question: is it possible to frame coinage in the Early Middle Ages? The answer will be certainly yes, but will also acknowledge that we lack considerable amounts of relevant data potentially available through state-of-the-art methodologies. One problem is, though, that many times we do not really know the relevant questions we can pose on coins; another is that we still have not figured out the social role of coinage in the aftermath of the Roman Empire. This chapter shows a number of things that could only be known thanks to the analysis of coins. And as its title suggests it will also include some reflections on greed and generosity.

scholarly journals Water-Worked Gravel Bed: State-of-the-Art Review

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellora Padhi ◽  
Subhasish Dey ◽  
Venkappayya R. Desai ◽  
Nadia Penna ◽  
Roberto Gaudio
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Streamwise Velocity ◽  
Secondary Currents ◽  
Gravel Bed ◽  
Natural Stream ◽  
Art Research ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Water Work

In a natural gravel-bed stream, the bed that has an organized roughness structure created by the streamflow is called the water-worked gravel bed (WGB). Such a bed is entirely different from that created in a laboratory by depositing and spreading gravels in the experimental flume, called the screeded gravel bed (SGB). In this paper, a review on the state-of-the-art research on WGBs is presented, highlighting the role of water-work in determining the bed topographical structures and the turbulence characteristics in the flow. In doing so, various methods used to analyze the bed topographical structures are described. Besides, the effects of the water-work on the turbulent flow characteristics, such as streamwise velocity, Reynolds and form-induced stresses, conditional turbulent events and secondary currents in WGBs are discussed. Further, the results form WGBs and SGBs are compared critically. The comparative study infers that a WGB exhibits a higher roughness than an SGB. Consequently, the former has a higher magnitude of turbulence parameters than the latter. Finally, as a future scope of research, laboratory experiments should be conducted in WGBs rather than in SGBs to have an appropriate representation of the flow field close to a natural stream.

scholarly journals From Exosome Glycobiology to Exosome Glycotechnology, the Role of Natural Occurring Polysaccharides

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-338
Author(s):  
Giulia Della Rosa ◽  
Clarissa Ruggeri ◽  
Alessandra Aloisi
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
And Function ◽  
And Personalized Medicine ◽  
Innate Ability

Exosomes (EXOs) are nano-sized informative shuttles acting as endogenous mediators of cell-to-cell communication. Their innate ability to target specific cells and deliver functional cargo is recently claimed as a promising theranostic strategy. The glycan profile, actively involved in the EXO biogenesis, release, sorting and function, is highly cell type-specific and frequently altered in pathological conditions. Therefore, the modulation of EXO glyco-composition has recently been considered an attractive tool in the design of novel therapeutics. In addition to the available approaches involving conventional glyco-engineering, soft technology is becoming more and more attractive for better exploiting EXO glycan tasks and optimizing EXO delivery platforms. This review, first, explores the main functions of EXO glycans and associates the potential implications of the reported new findings across the nanomedicine applications. The state-of-the-art of the last decade concerning the role of natural polysaccharides—as targeting molecules and in 3D soft structure manufacture matrices—is then analysed and highlighted, as an advancing EXO biofunction toolkit. The promising results, integrating the biopolymers area to the EXO-based bio-nanofabrication and bio-nanotechnology field, lay the foundation for further investigation and offer a new perspective in drug delivery and personalized medicine progress.

scholarly journals Role of long non‐coding RNAs in adipogenesis: State of the art and implications in obesity and obesity‐associated diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Rey ◽  
Valentina Urrata ◽  
Luisa Gilardini ◽  
Simona Bertoli ◽  
Valeria Calcaterra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Associated Diseases ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

scholarly journals Multifunctional Role of Chitosan Edible Coatings on Antioxidant Systems in Fruit Crops: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2633
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Adiletta ◽  
Marisa Di Matteo ◽  
Milena Petriccione
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Edible Coatings ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Oxidative Damages ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Chitosan-based edible coatings represent an eco-friendly and biologically safe preservative tool to reduce qualitative decay of fresh and ready-to-eat fruits during post-harvest life due to their lack of toxicity, biodegradability, film-forming properties, and antimicrobial actions. Chitosan-based coatings modulate or control oxidative stress maintaining in different manner the appropriate balance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in fruit cells, by the interplay of pathways and enzymes involved in ROS production and the scavenging mechanisms which essentially constitute the basic ROS cycle. This review is carried out with the aim to provide comprehensive and updated over-view of the state of the art related to the effects of chitosan-based edible coatings on anti-oxidant systems, enzymatic and non-enzymatic, evaluating the induced oxidative damages during storage in whole and ready-to-eat fruits. All these aspects are broadly reviewed in this review, with particular emphasis on the literature published during the last five years.

scholarly journals The Role of Surgery in Lung Cancer Treatment: Present Indications and Future Perspectives—State of the Art

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3711
Author(s):  
François Montagne ◽  
Florian Guisier ◽  
Nicolas Venissac ◽  
Jean-Marc Baste
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Systemic Therapies

Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) are different today, due to the increased use of screening programs and of innovative systemic therapies, leading to the diagnosis of earlier and pre-invasive tumors, and of more advanced and controlled metastatic tumors. Surgery for NSCLC remains the cornerstone treatment when it can be performed. The role of surgery and surgeons has also evolved because surgeons not only perform the initial curative lung cancer resection but they also accompany and follow-up patients from pre-operative rehabilitation, to treatment for recurrences. Surgery is personalized, according to cancer characteristics, including cancer extensions, from pre-invasive and local tumors to locally advanced, metastatic disease, or residual disease after medical treatment, anticipating recurrences, and patients’ characteristics. Surgical management is constantly evolving to offer the best oncologic resection adapted to each NSCLC stage. Today, NSCLC can be considered as a chronic disease and surgery is a valuable tool for the diagnosis and treatment of recurrences, and in palliative conditions to relieve dyspnea and improve patients’ comfort.

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