Transgenerational effects of obesogenic diets in rodents: a meta-analysis

Obesity is a major health condition that affects millions worldwide. There is an increased interest in understanding the adverse outcomes associated with obesogenic diets. A multitude of studies have investigated the transgenerational impacts of maternal and parental obesogenic diets on subsequent generations of offspring, but results have largely been mixed. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on rodent studies to elucidate how obesogenic diets impact the mean and variance of grand-offspring traits. Our study focused on transgenerational effects (i.e., F2 and F3 generations) in one-off and multigenerational exposure studies. From 33 included articles, we obtained 407 effect sizes representing pairwise comparisons of control and treatment grand-offspring groups pertaining to measures of body weight, adiposity, glucose, insulin, leptin, and triglycerides. We found evidence that male and female grand-offspring descended from grandparents exposed to an obesogenic diet displayed phenotypes consistent with metabolic syndrome, especially in cases where the obesogenic diet was continued across generations. Further, we found stronger evidence for the effects of grand-maternal than grand-paternal exposure on grand-offspring traits. A high-fat diet in one-off exposure studies did not seem to impact phenotypic variation, whereas in multigenerational exposure studies it reduced variation in several traits.

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Statistical analysis of nematode counts from interlaboratory proficiency tests

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-00002761 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 229-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wim Van Den Berg ◽

Olaf Hartsema ◽

Loes J.M.F. Den Nijs

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Proficiency Test ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Proficiency Tests ◽

Free Living ◽

Accuracy And Precision ◽

Mean And Variance ◽

The Mean ◽

Interaction Variance

A series of proficiency tests on potato cyst nematode (PCN; ) and free-living stages of Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus () were investigated to determine the accuracy and precision of the nematode counts and to gain insights into possible trends and potential improvements. In each test, each participating laboratory received ten samples of soil collected from naturally infested fields and well mixed before distribution. The variance between the counts from the ten samples, estimated per test and laboratory, was constant for PCN cysts and free-living stages of Meloidogyne spp. and Pratylenchus spp. during the period monitored. However, during the initial years, the variance between the samples showed a downward trend for PCN living juveniles. The variance between the laboratories, estimated per test, was constant for PCN cysts over the period 1994-2010. For PCN living juveniles the variance between laboratory means declined from 1994-2000 and from 2000 it was more or less constant, which coincided with the introduction of a well-described new methodology. For Meloidogyne spp. and Pratylenchus spp., from 1998-2005 the variance between laboratory means was more or less constant or increased. From 2006, all participating laboratories incubated the organic matter and the variance between the laboratories was stable and below the levels observed during 2003-2005. After discarding data from initial years with unstable variances of the nematode counts, a meta-analysis was carried out on the remaining data using HGLMs to model the mean and variance of the counts simultaneously. The within-laboratory variance for the ten samples and the interaction variance of test and laboratory were estimated and combined to percentage coefficient of variation (%CV) per laboratory. For PCN cysts, %CV per laboratory ranged from 12.6 to 41.6 and for PCN juveniles in sandy soil from 24.4 to 67.4 and in loamy soil from 37.9 to 102.0. For Meloidogyne spp., %CV ranged from 53.2 to 84.4 and for Pratylenchus spp. from 24.3 to 90.6. The quality of a proficiency test is largely defined by random distribution of the nematodes over the samples allocated, statistical analysis of the data and communication of the results to participating laboratories. This study provides insights into the accuracy and precision at laboratories in recent years and the effect of concerted actions during the period in which the proficiency tests were conducted.

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Protective Effects of Individual and Combined Low Dose Beta-Carotene and Metformin Treatments against High-Fat Diet-Induced Responses in Mice

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13103607 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 3607

Author(s):

Bojan Stojnić ◽

Alba Serrano ◽

Lana Sušak ◽

Andreu Palou ◽

M. Luisa Bonet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Beta Carotene ◽

Protective Effects ◽

High Fat ◽

Cumulative Energy ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

Obesogenic Diet ◽

Cumulative Energy Intake

Anti-obesity activity has been reported for beta-carotene (BC) supplementation at high doses and metformin (MET). We studied whether BC treatment at a closer to dietary dose and MET treatment at a lower than therapeutic dose are effective in ameliorating unwanted effects of an obesogenic diet and whether their combination is advantageous. Obesity-prone mice were challenged with a high-fat diet (HFD, 45% energy as fat) for 4 weeks while receiving a placebo or being treated orally with BC (3 mg/kg/day), MET (100 mg/kg/day), or their combination (BC+MET); a fifth group received a placebo and was kept on a normal-fat diet (10% energy as fat). HFD-induced increases in body weight gain and inguinal white adipose tissue (WAT) adipocyte size were attenuated maximally or selectively in the BC+MET group, in which a redistribution towards smaller adipocytes was noted. Cumulative energy intake was unaffected, yet results suggested increased systemic energy expenditure and brown adipose tissue activation in the treated groups. Unwanted effects of HFD on glucose control and insulin sensitivity were attenuated in the treated groups, especially BC and BC+MET, in which hepatic lipid content was also decreased. Transcriptional analyses suggested effects on skeletal muscle and WAT metabolism could contribute to better responses to the HFD, especially in the MET and BC+MET groups. The results support the benefits of the BC+MET cotreatment.

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Dihydropyranocoumarins Exerted Anti-Obesity Activity In Vivo and its Activity Was Enhanced by Nanoparticulation with Polylactic-Co-Glycolic Acid

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11123053 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 3053

Author(s):

Hossin ◽

Inafuku ◽

Oku

Keyword(s):

High Fat Diet ◽

Glycolic Acid ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Oral Intake ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

High Fat ◽

Mean Size ◽

The Mean ◽

Plga Nanoparticle

Dihydropyranocoumarins (DPCs) were isolated from Peucedanum japonicum Thunb as anti-obesity compounds in 3T3-L1 adipocytes assay; however, it is uncertain whether DPC exerts anti-obesity activity in vivo. Therefore, this study evaluated the oral intake of pure DPCs in mice fed a high-fat diet, and also attempted to enhance its activity by nanoparticulation. Increases in body weight gain and fat accumulation in white adipose tissues were significantly suppressed by the dietary intake of DPCs (1.943 mg/mouse/day). DPCs intake also significantly decreased the mean size of adipocytes and upregulated mRNA levels of thermogenesis-related genes. Nanoparticulation of DPCs with polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) dramatically increased its activity almost 100-fold over that of a non-nanoparticulated form. Thus, our findings clearly demonstrated the anti-obesity activity of DPCs in vivo and suggested that PLGA nanoparticle encapsulation was useful to enhance the anti-obesity activity of DPCs with the aim to develop natural and safe anti-obesity agents.

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Postnatal Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Rescues Glucocorticoid-Programmed Adiposity, Hypertension, and Hyperlipidemia in Male Rat Offspring Raised on a High-Fat Diet

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/en.2013-1153 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 154 (9) ◽

pp. 3110-3117 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Intan S. Zulkafli ◽

Brendan J. Waddell ◽

Peter J. Mark

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Plasma Cholesterol ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Male Rat ◽

Delayed Puberty ◽

Adult Offspring ◽

Omega 3 ◽

High Fat

Fetal glucocorticoid excess programs several adverse outcomes in adult offspring, many of which can be prevented by postnatal, dietary omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids. Here we tested 2 separate hypotheses: 1) a postnatal high-fat diet exacerbates the glucocorticoid-programmed phenotype; and 2) postnatal, dietary n-3 fatty acids rescue programmed outcomes, even in the presence of a high-fat diet challenge. Pregnant Wistar rat dams were either untreated or administered dexamethasone acetate (Dex; 0.5 μg/mL drinking water) from day 13 of pregnancy. Offspring were cross-fostered to untreated mothers and males were weaned onto a standard (Std), high-fat, low n-3 (HF), or high-fat, high n-3 (HFHn-3) diet. Prenatal Dex reduced birth weight (26%) and delayed puberty onset by 1.2 days, irrespective of postnatal diet. Prenatal Dex programmed increased blood pressure in adult offspring, an effect worsened by the postnatal HF diet. Supplementation with high n-3 fatty acids, however, prevented both the Dex and HF-induced increases in blood pressure. Prenatal Dex also programmed increased adiposity, plasma cholesterol, and plasma triglyceride levels at 6 months of age, particularly in those offspring raised on the HF diet. But again, each of these adverse outcomes was rescued by supplementation of the HF diet with n-3 fatty acids. In conclusion, the capacity of n-3 fatty acids to overcome adverse programming outcomes remains evident, even in the presence of a HF diet challenge.

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Safety and Efficacy of Early High Parenteral Lipid Supplementation in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13051535 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1535

Author(s):

Kyunghoon Kim ◽

Na Jin Kim ◽

Sae Yun Kim

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Early Initiation ◽

High Dose ◽

Equivalent Age ◽

High Lipid ◽

The Mean ◽

Extrauterine Growth Restriction

The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the effects of early initiation and achievement of a high dose of parenteral lipids (≥1.5 g/kg/day reached within the first 24 h of birth) on growth and adverse outcomes in preterm infants. PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were utilized to search for publications for this meta-analysis. Randomized controlled trials were eligible if data on growth or clinical outcome was available. The search returned nine studies. The mean proportion of postnatal weight loss (%) was lower (mean difference [MD]: −2.73; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −3.69, −1.78), and the mean head circumference near the term equivalent age (cm) was higher in the early high lipid treatment group (MD: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.25, 1.09). There was a favorable association of early high lipid administration with the incidence of extrauterine growth restriction (relative risk [RR]: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.48). Generally, there were no differences in morbidities or adverse outcomes with early high lipid administration. Early initiation of parenteral lipids and high dose achieved within the first 24 h of life appear to be safe and endurable and offer benefits in terms of growth.

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Water-Soluble Chitosan Nanoparticles Inhibit Hypercholesterolemia Induced by Feeding a High-Fat Diet in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats

Journal of Nanomaterials ◽

10.1155/2011/814606 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Yi Tao ◽

Hongliang Zhang ◽

Bing Gao ◽

Jiao Guo ◽

Yinming Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Fat Diet ◽

Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽

Plasma Viscosity ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

High Fat ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Mean Size ◽

The Mean

Chitosan, a deacetylated product of chitin, has been demonstrated to lower cholesterol in humans and animals. However, chitosan is not fully soluble in water which would influence absorption in the human intestine. In addition, water-soluble chitosan (WSC) has higher reactivity compared to chitosan. The present study was designed to clarify the effects of WSC and water-soluble chitosan nanoparticles (WSC-NPs) on hypercholesterolemia induced by feeding a high-fat diet in male Sprague-Dawley rats. WSC-NPs were prepared by the ionic gelation method and the spray-drying technique. The nanoparticles were spherical in shape and had a smooth surface. The mean size of WSC-NPs was 650 nm variing from 500 to 800 nm. Results showed that WSC-NPs reduced the blood lipids and plasma viscosity significantly and increased the serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities significantly. This paper is the first report of the lipid-lowering effects of WSC-NPs suggesting that the WSC-NPs could be used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.

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THE EFFECT OF A HIGH-FAT DIET ON GLUCOSE, INSULIN SENSITIVITY AND PLASMA INSULIN IN RATS

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.0420489 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 489-494 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

E. BLÁZQUEZ ◽

C. LOPEZ QUIJADA

Keyword(s):

Plasma Glucose ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Plasma Insulin ◽

Diet Group ◽

Insulin Concentration ◽

Control Group ◽

High Fat ◽

Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽

The Mean

SUMMARY The influence of the diet on the levels of insulin was studied in rats on a high-fat diet. Plasma and glucose insulin concentrations of a control group and of rats on a high-fat diet were compared, and so was the insulin concentration in the pancreas of the two groups. The mean plasma insulin concentration in the control group was 40 μ-u./ml. and that of insulin extracted from the pancreas was 2·5 μg./100 mg. tissue; plasma glucose was 156 mg./100 ml. The animals fed on a high-fat diet showed diabetic features. The mean plasma insulin level was 9 μ-u./ml., and plasma glucose increased to 210 mg./100 ml. The insulin concentration in the pancreas was not significantly different from that in the controls. In vitro the epididymal fat and the diaphragm of the high-fat-diet group were less sensitive to insulin than the same tissues in the control group.

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Right ventricular free-wall longitudinal speckle tracking strain as a prognostic criterion of adverse outcomes in patients with pulmonary hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Russian Journal of Cardiology ◽

10.15829/1560-4071-2021-4417 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 4417

Author(s):

E. Z. Golukhova ◽

I. V. Slivneva ◽

M. L. Mamalyga ◽

D. I. Marapov ◽

M. N. Alekhin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Right Ventricular ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Speckle Tracking ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Composite Endpoint ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Control Group ◽

Right Ventricular Free Wall ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control

The absence of consensus regarding the reference values of right ventricular free wall longitudinal strain (RVFWLS) and its predictive value prompted us to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of publications on the predictive role of this parameter in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH).Aim. To study the independent predictive value of RVFWLS in PH patients using 2D/3D speckle tracking echocardiography.Material and methods. Firstly, 317 publications (PubMed) and 857 Google Scholar results were selected. Of the initially identified search results, 12 articles were analyzed. The papers were cohort designed.Results. The total number of patients with PH was 1281. The mean age of patients was 54,7±6,8 years. Four studies compared the RVFWLS with a control group (n=251). The mean RVFWLS were -17,0±2,4% and -24,7±2,2% in the experimental and control groups, respectively. A meta-analysis of the difference between the mean RVFWLS values in experimental and control group patients showed its total increase in PH subjects of 8,06% (95% CI: 5,18-10,94%; p<0,00001).The total number of deaths was 268 (all-cause — 180, composite endpoint — 88). According to the meta-analysis, with an increase of 1% in RVFWLS, there is an increase in mean all-cause mortality risk by 14% (p<0,00001), as well as mean risk of adverse outcomes or PH-related events (composite endpoint) by 14% (p<0,0001).Conclusion. These results highlight the high independent predictive value of RVFWLS as a predictor of adverse outcomes or events associated with a right ventricular dysfunction progression in PH patients.

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PENGARUH PEMBERIAN JUS BUAH BELIMBING WULUH (AVERRHOA BILIMBI L.) TERHADAP KADAR KOLESTEROL LDL DARAH TIKUS PUTIH (RATTUS NORVEGICUS) JANTAN GALUR WISTAR DENGAN DIET TINGGI LEMAK

Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran Wijaya Kusuma ◽

10.30742/jikw.v8i2.572 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 35-41

Author(s):

Kartika Dwi Rahminiwati ◽

◽

IGM Antara Hambarsika ◽

Fitri Handajani ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cholesterol Level ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Positive Control Group ◽

Control Group ◽

High Fat ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

The Mean

A high-fat diet can increase lipoprotein levels, total cholesterol, (Low Density Lipoprotein) LDL, and triglycerides. Starfruit has saponin and flavonoid compounds which are expected to reducing LDL cholesterol levels. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of starfruit juice on lowering the blood cholesterol LDL of Wistar rats fed with high-fat diet. Experimental study with post-test only control group design. As many as 24 male white rats from the Wistar strain were divided into 3 groups: negative control groups (K-) that were given standard feed for 28 days; positive control group (K+) who were given a high-fat diet for 28 days; the treatment group (KP) was given a high-fat diet for 28 days and on the 15th day 28th they were given a starfruit juice with a dose of 4ml / 200grBB / day. Day 29 measured LDL cholesterol. The statistic test showed a significant increase in LDL cholesterol levels (p=0.001) in the positive control group (x=12.125±2.642 mg/dL) compared to the negative control group (x=7.625±1.506 mg/dL). There was no significant different the mean cholesterol level of the treatment group (x=11±1.927) compared to the mean LDL cholesterol level of the positive control group (x=12.125±2.642). A high-fat diet significantly increases the mean LDL cholesterol level. Starfruit juice did not significantly reduce LDL cholesterol level.

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Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis—health-related quality of life: systematic review plus meta-analysis

BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care ◽

10.1136/bmjspcare-2021-003182 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. bmjspcare-2021-003182

Author(s):

Samira Raoofi ◽

Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan ◽

Sima Rafiei ◽

Zahra Hoseinipalangi ◽

Sepide Rezaei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Short Form ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Health Condition ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Sf 36 ◽

Wide Range ◽

Health Related ◽

The Mean

BackgroundPatients with end-stage renal disease undergoing haemodialysis experience a variety of stressors leading to decreased level of quality of life (QoL). Thus, in this study, we aimed to review the current literature and identify factors affecting the health-related QoL (HRQoL) in these patients.MethodsA total of 147 studies were extracted from databases of Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Embase published between January 2000 and December 2020. Data were analysed using R software and results were reported with reference to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses standards.ResultsA total of 623 728 patients undergoing dialysis participated in 147 studies in which QoL was assessed by means of two valid questionnaires, including Short-Form 36 (SF-36) and Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL)-short form V.1.3. Total HRQoL score for patients undergoing dialysis measured by KDQOL was 64.25 (95% CI 55.67 to 72.82). Based on SF-36, the mean score of mental health items was higher than the mean score of physical health condition. Furthermore, meta-regression based on the geographical place of residence revealed that the highest QoL in patients was observed in Japan, 66.96 (95% CI 63.65 to 70.28) and Brazil, 58.03 (95% CI 53.45 to 62.6).ConclusionStudies conducted on HRQoL among patients undergoing dialysis recommend useful strategies to clinicians, letting them assess patients’ QoL in terms of a wide range of physical, mental and environmental aspects.

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