scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Pulp Properties of Abaca (Musa textilis Née) cv. Inosa Harvested at Different Stages of Stalk Maturity

2012 ◽  
pp. 45-62
Author(s):  
Luz Moreno ◽  
Calixto Protacio

Given the increasing global demand for pulp, there is a need to look into the prospects of increasing fiber production and shortening the harvesting cycle of abaca without sacrificing the quality of fibers for pulp production. This study investigated the chemical and pulp properties of abaca cv. Inosa fibers harvested at different stages of stalk maturity to determine their suitability for pulp and paper production. Fibers obtained from 8-10-month-old (immature) abaca cv. Inosa possessed the desirable chemical properties for pulping, namely; low lignin and ash content, high alpha-cellulose, holocellulose and hemi- cellulose contents; which are comparable with those obtained from intermediate and mature stalks. The average pulp yield, Kappa number, viscosity, tear index and breaking length of pulps from immature stalks were already comparable with those of mature fibers and were even higher than the mature fibers of Linawaan and Laylay cultivars. Fibers of abaca cv. Inosa obtained from immature stalks were thus, found suitable for pulp and paper production.

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-370
Author(s):  
Emre Birinci ◽  
Ahmet Tutuş ◽  
Mustafa Çiçekler

In this study, Rhododendron luteum and Rhododendron ponticum were evaluated as raw material for pulp and paper production. 12 different sodium borohydride (NaBH4) added cooking trials were performed for each sample and kraft method was used for pulp production. Pulp properties, such as yield, kappa number and viscosity, and physical properties, such as breaking length and burst index, were determined for each trial. Besides, the effects of active alkali and NaBH4 on the pulp and paper properties were also examined. Optimum cooking conditions were obtained by using 18 % active alkali for NaBH4-free cooking experiments and 0.5 % NaBH4 and 18 % active alkali for NaBH4-added cooking experiments. In NaBH4-added pulping condition, the screened yield, kappa number and viscosity of R. luteum were found to be 43.4 %, 40.1 and 949 cm3/g1, respectively. The respective values for R. ponticum were 41.9 %, 44.5 and 885 cm3/g1. The screened yields of R. luteum and R. ponticum increased by about 2.8 % and 5.3 %, respectively, with 5 % addition of NaBH4 compared to NaBH4-free cooking experiments. Furthermore, with the addition of NaBH4, the kappa numbers decreased while the viscosity increased. The physical properties of the produced papers were also improved by using NaBH4 in cooking liquor. According to the obtained results, it was found that R. luteum and R. ponticum species can be evaluated for pulp and paper production.


2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Arini Hidayati Jamil ◽  
Heronimus Judi Tjahjono ◽  
Parnidi Parnidi ◽  
Marjani Marjani

Potential of Two Agave Species for Pulp and Paper MakingAbstractBoth of Agave sisalana and A. cantala are the most favorite agave species for fiber producer plant in Indonesia. Nevertheless, research study for using fiber of A. sisalana and A. cantala for pulp and paper purpose is hard to find. This study aims to observe the characteristics of A. sisalana and A. cantala fibers as a raw material of pulp including fiber morphology, chemical components, pulp characteristics, optical and physical properties of the handsheets. The observation of all characters was based on Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The pulping method used both of soda process with 18% active alkali and kraft process with 18% active alkali and 25% sulfidity. The result of the study for the handsheets from A. sisalana and A. cantala fibers shows that the brightness, dirt, and tear index were fulfilled to SNI standard for NBKP while the tensile index and burst index just fulfilled to SNI standard for LBKP. The handsheet of A. sisalana fiber has a higher tear index, tensile index, and burst index than the A. cantala ones. Soda pulping of both agave species resulting higher pulp yield, cellulose polymerization degrees and physical properties than kraft pulping.Keywords : Agave sisalana, A. cantala, characteristics of the fiber, pulp AbstrakAgave sisalana dan A. cantala merupakan dua spesies agave yang paling banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia sebagai tanaman penghasil serat alam. Namun penelitian mengenai fungsi serat A. sisalana dan A. cantala sebagai bahan baku pulp dan kertas masih sulit ditemukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari karakteristik serat A. sisalana dan A. cantala sebagai bahan baku pulp yang meliputi morfologi serat, komposisi komponen kimia, karakeristik pulp, sifat optik dan fisik lembaran pulp yang dihasilkan. Pengamatan seluruh karakter dilakukan berdasarkan Standar Nasional Indonesia. Pemasakan menggunakan metode soda dengan alkali aktif 18% dan kraft dengan alkali aktif 18% dan sulfiditas 25%. Hasil pengamatan pada lembaran pulp yang dihasilkan dari serat A. sisalana dan A. cantala menunjukkan bahwa derajat cerah, noda, dan kekuatan sobek memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) Pulp Kraft Putih Kayujarum (NBKP) sementara kekuatan tarik dan kekuatan retak memenuhi SNI Pulp Krat Putih Kayudaun (LBKP). Lembaran pulp A. sisalana memiliki kekuatan sobek, tarik, dan retak lebih tinggi dibanding lembaran pulp A. cantala. Metode pemasakan soda pada serat kedua spesies agave tersebut menghasilkan rendemen pulp, derajat polimerisasi selulosa, dan kekuatan fisik lebih baik dibanding metode kraft.Kata kunci : Agave sisalana, A. cantala, karakteristik serat, pulp 


TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAKIM GHEZZAZ ◽  
LUC PELLETIER ◽  
PAUL R. STUART

Depending on the process strategy employed, implementation of the biorefinery into an existing pulp and paper mill can often help with process debottlenecking, and enable increased pulp and paper production capacity. Many biorefinery process options also offer the opportunity for bioproducts manufacturing and/or fossil fuel replacement. In this paper, the implementation of two biorefinery processes is examined from the perspective of process debottlenecking at a sodium carbonate-based semichemical pulp and paper mill: (a) lignin precipitation from black liquor by acidification with CO2, and (b) the near-neutral hemicellulose pre-extraction process. The recovery cycle, which includes a Copeland fluidized bed reactor, is the main pulp production bottleneck. Also, pulp quality improvements are possible, which would be achieved by lowering pulp yield. In Part I of this paper, biorefinery implementation uncertainties were identified and the potential for recovery debottlenecking and maximum paper production attainable were evaluated. In Part II, the economic evaluation and comparison of the selected biorefinery process options in the context of process debottlenecking are presented. The results show that for the case study mill, the hemicellulose pre-extraction process gives opportunity for higher paper production and paper quality improvement. It allows for a production increase of about 20%, as well as lowering the pulp yield from 85% to 79%. With lignin precipitation, it was found that a 15% paper production increase could be possible if the pulp yield is kept constant.


Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3673
Author(s):  
Kateřina Hájková ◽  
Jiří Bouček ◽  
Petr Procházka ◽  
Petr Kalous ◽  
Dominik Budský

Because there is a lack of wood resources in many countries, this work focused on pulp and paper production from the waste and agricultural residues of non-wood plants. The work aimed to pulp the nitrate-alkaline of black mustard (Brassica Nigra L.) and camelina (Camelina Sativa L.). The black mustard and the camelina were selected due to the expanding planted areas of these crops in the Czech Republic. To characterize the chemical composition of black mustard and camelina, cellulose, lignin, ash, and extractives were determined. Raw alpha-cellulose, beta-cellulose, and gamma-cellulose were also measured. The results showed that the content of lignin in non-wood plants is lower than that in softwoods. The cooked pulp was characterized by the delignification degree–Kappa number. Additionally, handsheet papers were made for selected samples of pulp. The handsheet papers were characterized by tensile index, breaking length, and smoothness and compared with commonly available papers.


2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Soares Modes ◽  
Raquel Lúcia Ludwig ◽  
Magnos Alan Vivian ◽  
Joni Stolberg

ABSTRACT The softwood pulp industry is based on the supply of Pinus taeda and P. elliottii woods, and competes for this raw material with other timber sectors. The study aimed to evaluate the wood quality of Pinus patula for pulp and paper production. Trees aged 14 years were obtained from a plantation located in Ponte Alta do Norte, State of Santa Catarina/Brazil. Discs were collected along the commercial height for determining the weighted basic density and its longitudinal variation in the trees, and the chemical composition. For the anatomical characterization, a disc was extracted from the base of each tree to determine the radial variation of tracheids morphological characteristics, and their quality indexes for the production of kraft pulp. The weighted basic density (365 kg.m-3) of the wood was low when compared with other species of the same genus. Regarding the tracheids morphology, a mean length of 2.37 mm; wall thickness of 5.49 µm; width of 40.32 µm and a lumen diameter of 29.09 µm were observed. The chemical composition of the species showed low contents of lignin (25.06%) and ashes (0.27%), compatible content of holocellulose (70.76%), and high content of extractives (6.24%) compared with conifers of traditional use. In general, P. patula species shows characteristics compatible with those traditionally used for the pulp and paper production, and it should be considered in more advanced studies with this species in this segment.


Les/Wood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kojo Agyapong Afrifah ◽  
Enoch Adjei-Mensah

Alstonia boonei, an abundant lesser utilized species within the West African Subregion, was evaluated as an alternative raw material for pulp and paper production. The basic density (BD), fibre characteristics [fibre length (FL), fibre diameter (FD), lumen diameter (LD) and wall thickness (WT)], derived anatomical indices [Flexibility Ratio (FR), Slenderness Ratio (SR), Rigidity Coefficient (RC), Luce’s Shape Factor (LSF), Solids Factor (SF) and Runkel Ratio (RR)] and chemical composition (lignin, holocellulose, 1% NaOH solubility and ash contents) of A. boonei were studied to evaluate variation along the trunk (base, middle and top portions) and ascertain its suitability for pulp and paper production. Significant variations were observed in the density and fibre characteristics along the trunk of the tree. Although the FD was large, the observed adequate FL, thin-wall and large LD implied easy beating of fibres and manufacture of dense, smooth and strong papers. The favourable SF, RR, FR, RC, and LSF values obtained for the fibres would produce papers with suitable burst and tearing strengths and folding endurance. Chemically the lower lignin (< 30%), ash and 1% NaOH solubility and the high holocellulose contents of A. boonei, will generate a higher pulp yield. A. boonei although a low-density species, will be desirable for pulp and paper production.


2018 ◽  
pp. 273-279
Author(s):  
Юрий (Iuriy) Давыдович (Davydovich) Алашкевич (Alashkevich) ◽  
Михаил (Mikhail) Семенович (Semenovich) Лурье (Lur'e) ◽  
Ольга (Ol'ga) Михайловна (Mikhaylovna) Лурье (Lur'e) ◽  
Александр (Aleksandr) Сергеевич (Sergeevich) Фролов (Frolov)

The issue of operation of submersible vortex flowmeters used in the systems of monitoring of circulating and waste waters of pulp and paper production is considered. It is shown that in the event of an error in the installation of these instruments, an additional error appears due to the angle between the axis of the flow body (TO) of the flowmeter and the axis of the pipeline. This error is related to the measurement method, which in turn leads to a change in the Strouhal number (Sh). The influence of this error leads to a change in the geometry of the flow part of the submerged flowmeter (the appearance of the angle β), which in turn leads to a change in the vortex formation process. Variants of finding this error are considered, from which the method of numerical modeling of hydrodynamic processes with subsequent processing by the method of experiment planning was chosen. For each investigated velocity of the fiber suspension and the angle of deflection of the TO axis, a graph of the frequency spectrum of the vortex formation process was obtained. Which was later used to find the number Sh. The dependence of the installation error ΔSh,% is presented. in the form of a response surface. It is revealed that the error in the installation of the TO, which is estimated by the angle β, is relatively small and varies linearly with increasing β. If the angle β = ± 3 ° is accepted as an allowable value, then the error in measuring the flow rate of the suspension will not exceed 0.25% over the entire range of velocities under consideration.


FLORESTA ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Umberto Klock ◽  
Alan Sulato De Andrade ◽  
Eduardo Bittencourt ◽  
Ezequiel Zatoni Mocelin ◽  
Cristiane Crepaldi

A qualidade das fibras da madeira juvenil de Pinus maximinoi H. E. Moore comparando com Pinus taeda L. foi avaliada em material proveniente de plantações de 11 anos de idade localizados no município de Ventania, Estado do Paraná. Foram investigadas 15 árvores por espécie. O processo utilizado para os cozimentos experimentais foi o sulfato (Kraft). O material utilizado para a obtenção de celulose foi obtido de discos coletados na altura do DAP (1,30m). As condições experimentais dos cozimentos foram: 18% de álcali ativo e 25% de sulfidez; número Kappa de 30 e fator H total de 1150, para três repetições para cada espécie. Os cozimentos foram realizados com 1000g de cavacos, base seca. Para a confecção do papel a mão em laboratório a celulose foi submetida a tratamentos de refinação em moinho tipo Jokro a 150 rpm por 20, 40 e 60 minutos além do tratamento sem refinação. Os rendimentos brutos médios foram superiores a 45%. Os resultados médios das resistências do papel por tratamento de refinação entre as espécies mostraram tendência semelhante entre ambas, ocorrendo, entretanto, no tratamento sem refinação maior densidade aparente para o papel de Pinus maximinoi. Porém com a aplicação dos tratamentos de refinação o comportamento da densidade aparente tornou-se similar. No tratamento sem refinação o valor médio do comprimento de auto-ruptura do papel de Pinus maximinoi foi 11,5% inferior ao de Pinus taeda, sendo, entretanto, incrementado com o aumento dos tempos de refinação. Com 20 minutos foi ligeiramente superior e aos 40 minutos a diferença é 6,6% superior, chegando a 7,9% aos 60 minutos de refinação. A resistência ao estouro no tratamento sem refinação e a 20 minutos apresentou valores inferiores para o Pinus maximinoi. Aos 40 minutos os valores médios são similares, invertendo-se tais valores aos 60 minutos de refinação, quando o estouro é superior para a celulose de Pinus maximinoi. Os valores médios da resistência ao rasgo foram ligeiramente superiores para a celulose de Pinus taeda, porém somente com 40 minutos de refinação houve diferença significativa. A resistência ao estouro e a resistência à tração da celulose e papel de Pinus maximinoi desenvolveu-se de forma mais acentuada com os tratamentos de refinação aplicados. Conclui-se que a madeira de Pinus maximinoi apresenta potencial para a produção de celulose e papel. KRAFT PAPER PROPERTIES FROM Pinus maximinoi H.E. Moore AND Pinus taeda L. JUVENILE WOOD Abstract This research objective was to evaluate the juvenile wood fiber quality of Pinus maximinoi H. E. Moore compared to Pinus taeda L. The material was sampled from 15 trees with 11 years old from fast grown plantations located at Ventania municipality, Paraná State. Sulfate (Kraft) pulping process was used. The pulping material was from BHD (1.30m) disks, cooking conditions were 18% active alkali, 25% sulfidity, Kappa number of 30 and H factor of 1,150 for three repetitions for each specie. Experimental cookings were conduted with 1,000g dry basis wood chips. For pulp handsheets evaluation four treatments were considered: without beating, 20, 40 and 60 minutes beating in Jokro type mill at 150 revolutions per minute. The average pulp yield was slightly higher than 45% for both species, without statistic difference. Without beating treatment P. maximinoi handsheets showed higher apparent specific gravity, however it became similar to P. taeda sheets with beating. Average Tear Index, Burst Index and Breaking Length, showed no statistic difference between species, but considering beating treatments, differences appear in Burst Index and Breaking Length, P. maximinoi pulp showed a better evolution with increasing beating times, at 60 minutes beating treatment P. maximinoi sheets showed 7,9% higher Breaking Length average value. For Burst Index, P. maximinoi sheets showed better improvement with increasing beating treatments, the average value became higher at 60 minutes. The Tear Index decrease with beating, and P. taeda pulp showed slightly higher values, but only at 40 beating minutes was a significant difference. From the observed average results it can be concluded that Pinus maximinoi has potential for utilization for pulp and paper.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 513-516
Author(s):  
Yusnaini B. Talebe ◽  
Sri Lestari

This study aimed to evaluate the best formulation based on the ratios of Mulu Bebe banana puree on synbiotic yogurt. This study used 10% Lactobacillus bulgaricus lactic acid and mulu bebe banana puree incorporated into liquid milk, with the ratios (banana puree to liquid milk) of 1: 0.25; 1: 0.5; 1: 0.75, and 1: 1. Analysis of synbiotic yogurt focused on chemical properties, including moisture, ash, protein, fat, and carbohydrate. The data analysis was subjected to one-way ANOVA in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 (three) replications. The result showed that the synbiotic yogurt using L. bulgaricus probiotics and different volumes of mulu bebe banana prebiotic meet the SNI 2981: 2009 requirements for nonfat yogurt, namely a maximum fat content of 0.5%, a minimum protein of 2.7%, and an optimum ash content of 1, 0%. Regarding quality, the best yogurt in this study contained 10% probiotics and 2.5% mulu bebe banana pure prebiotic.


Holzforschung ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lecourt ◽  
Valérie Meyer ◽  
Jean-Claude Sigoillot ◽  
Michel Petit-Conil

Abstract The effect of three different commercial cellulase treatments applied on softwood bleached kraft pulp before the refining step was studied. Disc refining was applied under similar conditions as usual in paper mills. Two cellulase treatments allowed an energy saving of 20% to reach a given drainage index or breaking length. Water retention value (WRV), which characterizes the water absorption inside the fibre wall, was increased by the cellulase treatment. However, tear index losses were observed upon enzyme treatment. The third cellulase did not have an impact either on any parameters of the refining or on the pulp properties, except WRV. Viscosity measurements showed that the two first cellulases have strong endoglucanase activities but are lacking exoglucanase activities. Probably, endoglucanase activity weakens the fibre structure by generation of weak points or kinks. This hypothesis would explain the important cutting and fibrillation phenomena observed in the case of these two cellulases. It can be concluded that cellulase treatment could save 20% of electrical energy needed for refining, i.e., 50 kWh t-1, if a paper quality with a high tensile resistance but lowered tear strength is acceptable.


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