Agro-economic efficiency of technologies for the development of shrubby idle lands

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (6) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Aleksey Ivanov ◽  
Zhanna Ivanova ◽  
Ivan Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Yield Increase

The idle lands of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia are quickly overgrown with tree and shrubby vegetation (TSV). Their active development under modern conditions needs a comprehensive justification of the available technological options for removal and processing of TSV. To evaluate their agro-economic efficiency, a comprehensive study was carried out at Sofia LLC in the Tosnensky District of the Leningrad Region. Its methodological basis was model-field and production experiments, laid out in weakly and medium-cultivated sod-podzolic gleyey soils of heavy loamy granulometric composition. They studied the agroeconomic efficiency of application of traditional ameliorants (milled raw dolomite and poultry manure supplemented with potassium fertilizer) and TSV processing products (wood chips, wood chaff, biochar and ash). The study determined the negative impact of products of TSV processing embedded in the soil on crops; the lack of a direct correlation between agroecological and economic efficiency of development technologies; an irreplaceable positive role of a complex of chemical ameliorants. The level of profitability of its use varied in experiments from 7–15 % for cultures and varieties undemanding of fertility to 48–56 % for demanding ones. On its basis, radical improvement of the soil properties was ensured, which made it possible to increase the productivity of the crop rotation link against the background of the embedded wood chips from 13.3 to 19 tons of forage units (FU) per hectare, of wood chaff – from 10.5 to 19.2 t FU/ha, biochar – from 16.1 to 21.4 t FU/ha, ash – from 15.6 to 21.2 t FU/ha while improving product quality. The profitability parameters of technologies for the development of the shrubby idle land based on the data on the cost of yield increase (21–52 %) are 8.8–9.1 times lower than for the additionally produced and sold dairy products (191–459 %). Due to our production and direct sale of high-quality dairy products, the average annual net income from the development of 1 hectare of lightly and heavily shrubby idle land increases from 21 to 205.7 thousand roubles and from 9.7 to 80.5 thousand roubles respectively. With the re-processing of TSV to Eurowood, these indicators increase by 159.2 thousand roubles/ha per year. Due to the relatively high cost of biochar production, the «biochar + complex of ameliorants» option, the best in terms of agronomic and environmental efficiency, is significantly (1.7 times) inferior to agronomically less efficient technologies in short-term studies in terms of profitability (132 % versus 230 %). Less efficient technologies include embedding of crushed TSV in the soil with modern milling machines. The full payback period of biochar technology when calculating income for feed is 3.1 years, for milk and dairy products – 1.3 years.

scholarly journals Economic feasibility of obtaining wood phytomass through accelerated cultivation of pine wood on postagrogenic lands

2021 ◽  
Vol 941 (1) ◽  
pp. 012003
Author(s):  
Sergey Yanush ◽  
Dmitry Danilov ◽  
Aleksei Kharlanov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Wood Biomass ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Break Even Point

Abstract The paper examines economic efficiency of obtaining wood biomass through accelerated cultivation of pine on postagrogenic lands of the Leningrad Region of Northwest Russia. In experimental pine plantations, we selected model trees and calculated the stem wood biomass of 11-year old stands with different stem densities. Assessments of the economic efficiency of the production of wood chips from pine wood grown on postagrogenic lands were based on a set of machines and mechanisms, consumables and wages. A break-even point was determined for the production of wood chips in plantations with different stem densities. In the variant with a stand density of 2900 trees per hectare, it is possible to make a profit, because a break-even point was obtained for the investments made. Pine stands of such density can be taken as a prototype, when creating and growing short rotation plantations. Based on the results of the study, it is possible to predict a further increase in pine wood biomass in a plantation on post-agrogenic soils. On postagrogenic lands, marketable wood pulp can be obtained within a short period of time; thus such lands will be involved in an economic turnover.

scholarly journals Justification of the limit of expediency of using potash fertilizers

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (99) ◽  
pp. 68-80
Author(s):  
G. M. Gospodarenko ◽  
◽  
A. T. Martynyuk ◽  
E. D. Cherno
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
The Cost

The issues of the recoupment of potash fertilizers are considered, which is one of the most controversial in agronomy, since it is precisely this that determines the need for fertilizers and the economic efficiency of their use. It is shown that the payback of fertilizers is a complex value and not constant in different crops. The increase in yield from fertilizers in kind is taken on the basis of field experiments with fertilizers carried out on podzolized chernozem in the Uman NUS. The cost of the increase in yield from the use of potash fertilizers was determined by the average actual sales prices of products prevailing on the market through various sales channels in the 6th quarter of 2021. collecting a yield increase from potash fertilizers. The cost of potash fertilizer was taken at the current price of 16000 UAH/t with the addition of a margin for their delivery to the farm. The costs for the use of fertilizers on the farm and for collecting the increase in yield were set calculated according to the accepted standards. The difference between the value of the yield increase (YI) and additional costs (AC) gives the net income received from the use of fertilizers. The ratio of the cost of increasing the yield to additional costs shows their payback. On the basis of comparing the indicators YI and AC, the boundaries of the economic efficiency of the use of fertilizers were determined: YI>AC (general expression of the task). The minimum necessary increase in yield from fertilizers and the limits of the increase in prices for potash fertilizers were also calculated. It has been established that at a price for potassium chloride of 16000 UAH /t and the cost of its use in optimal doses for field crops against the background of a balanced nitrogen-phosphorus nutrition, the cost of an increase in yield is 1164–14820 UAH/ ha. Payback (unprofitableness) of 1 kg. potash fertilizers vary in a wide range – from – UAH 18.6 to 104,0, depending on the crop. The limit of the unprofitable price per unit of the active substance of potash fertilizers at the optimal dose of application depends on the crop and is in the range of 6.9–129,5 UAH/ha. With the current disparity in prices for crop products and potassium chloride, its use is unprofitable for winter rye, spring barley, grain sorghum and sugar beet (when applied against a background of 40 t/ha of manure). This is due to the availability of podzolized chernozem with mobile potassium compounds, biological characteristics of crops and technologies for their cultivation.

Technological Innovation and the Agricultural Sustainability

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Rachida Khaled ◽  
Lamine Hammas
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Agricultural Sustainability ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
The Impact

The diffusion of the technological innovation can affect the agricultural sector in the three-sided (social, economic and environmental), a hand, it can contribute to solve problems of the agricultural sector: the effects of the climatic changes, the farming exodus and the migration and the problems of poverty and it can improve the agricultural productivity. But on the other hand, he can lead to new problems, such as depletion of energy resources caused by excessive use of energizing technologies, pollution of air and water and the destruction of soil by industrial waste. This paper aims to theoretically and empirically analyze the role of technological innovation in improving agricultural sustainability through the impact of mechanization on agricultural productivity, energy production and net income per capita for a panel of three Maghreb countries (Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia) during the period 1997-2012. By using simultaneous equations, the authors' finding that technological innovation cannot achieve the purpose of sustainable development in the agriculture sector in the Maghreb countries through the negative impact of mechanization and research and development on agricultural productivity.

scholarly journals Tourism for sustainable development goals (SDGs) achievement in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Anowar Hossain Bhuiyan Bhuiyan ◽  
Md. Abud Darda
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Sustainable Tourism Development

In line with the global goals for sustainable development (SDG goals), UNWTO has emphasized sustainable tourism development for achieving SDGs targets in the member countries. Bangladesh has already identified tourism as a thrust sector for the development of the country. The present study identifies the opportunities and contributions of tourism activities for achieving SDGs in Bangladesh. This study analyses the existing tourism policies and plans, government regulations, reports, and SDG related practices to attain the objectives. It is observed that SDG goals number 8, 12, and 14 are directly related to tourism. Furthermore, tourism can contribute to achieving some other SDG goals, like 3, 11, and 15. The study reveals that the contributions of tourism to GDP and employment are in an increasing trend. Sustainable Consumption and Production practices are encouraging the tourism businesses to include nature and biodiversity conservation in their management plans. Marine tourism development in the Bay-of-Bengal can play a positive role in reducing the negative impact of climate change and sustainable use of the oceans, seas, and marine resources. The study reveals that sustainable tourism development through cultural, religious, and archeological features can make Dhaka a stable and sustainable city. The study shows that sustainable tourism development in protected areas can ensure the preservation of forest areas, protect biodiversity conservation and provide sustainable use of natural resources. Sustainable tourism development can ensure long-term social, economic, and environmental benefits to all stakeholders to contribute a sustainable development in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Influence of green manure phytomass treatment by microbial preparations on grain productivity and quality indicators of winter wheat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Prikhodko ◽  
◽  
I.A. Kameneva ◽  
A.I. Yakubovskaya ◽  
N.V. Karaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Biological Preparation

Treatment of the triticale phytomass with the complex biological preparation KBP-5M before incorporation into the soil contributed to the activation of microbiological processes in the 0-30 cm layer. In the variants when the plant was in the phenological stage of spike emergence, we noted an increase in the content of N-NO3 by 0.19-0.46 mg per 100 g of soil; Р2О5 – up to 2.97; K2О – up to mg/100 g. The reason for that was the maximum accumulation of organic matter in the phytomass of triticale at the aforementioned stage of development (8.25-8.52 t/ha). The use of KBP-5M had a positive effect on the development of winter wheat when green manure was the preceding crop. There is a tendency to increase the density of the stalk by 13.3 %, including productive stems – by 3.9 % and the number of grains from 10 plants – by 1.7 % compared to the use of triticale plants as an organic fertilizer without the treatment with biological preparation. Despite the trend of increasing yields from 4.32 to 4.43 t/ha, no reliable yield increase was obtained. When applying KBP-5M on triticale plant residues, there was an increase in protein content by 0.3 % and gluten – by 1.1 % compared to variants without the biological preparation. According to the indicators of 1000-grain weight and hectolitre weight, there were no significant differences between the studied variants. The use of KBP-5M has been justified from an economic point of view since 277 to 1535 rubles per ha of contingent net income was obtained and the payback ratio for the use of the biological product was 1.05–5.79.

Water protection aggregation systems for cleaning surface waste water from the territories of poultry farms

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
O. R. Ilyasov ◽  
S. N. Koshelev ◽  
M. N. Kostomakhin ◽  
I. I. Gavrilin
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Poultry Farm ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Water Ecosystems

During the operation of poultry farms a large amount of poultry manure is accumulated. Surface wastewater from landfills for storing poultry manure can become the main source of pollution of natural waters. Thus, one of the most important problems of environmental protection is the development of effective systems for protecting aquatic ecosystems from pollution by waste water generated at landfills for storing poultry manure. The purpose of research was the analysis of water protection systems for treatment of surface wastewater from the territory of poultry farms. The authors of the article consider the problem of protection of water bodies from contamination by surface wastewater from the catchment area of poultry farms. The example of surface wastewater from the catchment area of the poultry farm “Sverdlovskaya” has shown the negative impact on water ecosystems. Our own studies of snow contamination from the catchment area of the poultry farm have shown a high content of not only organic and biogenic substances, but also heavy metals. A biotechnology of wastewater treatment using natural ion-exchange materials, followed by bioregeneration of the latter by higher aquatic vegetation, has been developed. The use of an accumulative phytofilter is an effective method of protecting water ecosystems from contamination by surface wastewater from catchment areas of poultry farms, and the design ensures not only the environmental friendliness of the technology, but also naturally fits into the landscape of the area.

Technological Innovation and the Agricultural Sustainability

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Rachida Khaled ◽  
Lamine Hammas
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Agricultural Sustainability ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

The diffusion of the technological innovation can affect the agricultural sector in the three-sided (social, economic and environmental), a hand, it can contribute to solve problems of the agricultural sector: the effects of the climatic changes, the farming exodus and the migration and the problems of poverty and it can improve the agricultural productivity. But on the other hand, he can lead to new problems, such as depletion of energy resources caused by excessive use of energizing technologies, pollution of air and water and the destruction of soil by industrial waste. This paper aims to theoretically and empirically analyze the role of technological innovation in improving agricultural sustainability through the impact of mechanization on agricultural productivity, energy production and net income per capita for a panel of three Maghreb countries (Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia) during the period 1997-2012. By using simultaneous equations, the authors' finding that technological innovation cannot achieve the purpose of sustainable development in the agriculture sector in the Maghreb countries through the negative impact of mechanization and research and development on agricultural productivity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of economic efficiency of orchards investment project with respect to the risk

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 600-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Sojková ◽  
I. Adamičková
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Technological Systems ◽  
Production Improvement ◽  
Current Value

Continuous elimination of the acreage of orchards in Slovakia has a negative impact on the overall fruit production. Improvement of the conditions could be achieved by introducing new technological systems into orchards and supporting the measures motivating farmers. Three investment strategies for planting apple orchards are presented in the paper: slim spindle, high density and extended orchards. Economic efficiency of the systems is evaluated through the return of investment, net current value and inner profit percentage. Within the assumption of the objective evaluation of input parameters, we can expect an acceptable economic efficiency of the investment only in the “slim spindle” technological system. The simplified deterministic evaluation of economic efficiency is further deepened with the identification of the relevant risk factors, followed by its quantification by the simulation processes. Taking the risk into account leads to a significant decrease of the economic attractiveness of investments.  

The Problems in Delignification of Dry Wood by Kraft Process

2016 ◽  
Vol 688 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Anton Geffert ◽  
Jarmila Geffertova ◽  
Blazej Seman
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Chip Thickness ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Kraft Process ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Kraft Cooking ◽  
And Storage

The objective of this study was to assess the causes of the problems arising in the CBC kraft cooking of several types of hardwood chips particularly in view of high dry matter but also in view of chip thickness and character of wood.High dry matter of processed chips influences negatively delignification. Similar effect on delignification is achieved by wood character (anatomic and morphological properties of cell elements, chemical composition, portion of heart and sapwood).Chips thickness has the most significant impact on delignification process comparing to other monitored characteristics. The increase of chips thickness by 1-2 mm has significant negative impact on monitored characteristics of kraft cooking – yield, Kappa number and amount of rejects.Displacement CBC kraft procedure is more sensitive on the deviation from standard conditions than conventional kraft cooking.The problems occurring during kraft cooking of different wood chips mixtures with high dry matter by CBC procedure are possible to resolve by technological and organizational precautions – separate chipping and storage of chips of heart and non-heart woods, preparation of thinner chips of heart wood, chips pre-vaporing before kraft cooking.

scholarly journals Generalized trust and diversity in the classroom: A longitudinal study of Romanian adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Gabriel Bădescu ◽  
Paul E. Sum
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
School Students ◽  
Generalized Trust ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Multi Level

Generalized trust, the faith we place in strangers, is a fundamental attribute of democratic societies. We investigate the development of generalized trust using survey data collected from Romanian high school students within a multi-level, panel research design. We find that diversity in the classroom, defined through ethnic and socio-economic differences, has negative effects on generalized trust. Associational membership interacts indirectly with diversity, counteracting the negative impact of ethnic diversity but reinforcing socio-economic distinctions. The findings support cultural theories of generalized trust and point to the potentially positive role educational policy might play in encouraging trust among youths.

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