scholarly journals Translation of Biblical and Mythological Allusions in Three Shakespearean Tragedies: Hamlet, Macbeth, and Romeo and Juliet

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Habib Alimardani ◽  
Esmail Zare Behtash
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Romeo And Juliet ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Source Language ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Literary Device ◽  
The One

Allusions as a literary device are included in a text to express meanings that go beyond the mere words the author uses and depend to a large extent on familiarity to be comprehended. Thus, they carry meaning in the culture in which they arise while this meaning is missed in another culture. The translation of allusions, therefore, which includes two language cultures, requires enormous problem-solving skills and adoption of strategies allowing the translator to evoke more or less the same reaction as that of the source language audience (Leppihalme, 1997). This study explores the adoption of strategies by Pasargadi (1996) in translating allusions rooted in mythology and the Bible in three Shakespearean tragedies, i.e. Hamlet, Macbeth and Romeo and Juliet based on the classification suggested by Ruokonen (2010). The analysis of the results revealed that the translator made more frequent use of modifying than retentive strategies, 52.69% and 47.31% respectively. Further investigation of the translation strategies employed by the translator sheds greater light on the reliability of the classification by Ruokonen (2010) and results in a better grasp of how to guarantee as close an effect on the target text audience as the one created on the source text audience.  

The Boundaries of Divine Ontology: The Inclusion and Exclusion of Meṭaṭron in the Godhead

1994 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Abrams
Keyword(s):  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Biblical Text ◽  
Jewish Mysticism ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Literary Device ◽  
The One

One of the central aspects of Jewish theology, and Jewish mysticism in particular, is the conception of the nature of God's being and the appearance of the divine before humanity. No one view has dominated the spectrum of Jewish interpretations, since the biblical text is the only common frame for the wide variety of speculations. At issue is whether the one God depicted in the Hebrew Bible is manifest to humans directly or through the agency of a divine, semidivine, or created power. Even the nature of angelic figures in the Bible remains a matter of debate, both in its original context and through later interpretations. Does the angelic figure physically represent God's form, or is it a literary device that metaphorically describes God's presence? The same is true of divine anthropomorphism in the Bible. Do the descriptions of God's hands or feet imply that God possesses a definite shape similar to that of human bodies, or should these descriptions also be viewed metaphorically, reinforcing a similar view to that expressed about angelic figures: no physical characteristics can be attributed to anything heavenly or divine? Finally, how does this accord with the spatial manifestation of God in the tabernacle through hiskavodor glory?

scholarly journals Translating insult: Strategies of rendering invective in modern political discourse

2021 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 03007
Author(s):  
Mariia Sevastiuk
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Main Criterion ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Source Language

The article focuses on the use of invective in political texts and specifics of its rendering in the English-Ukrainian translation. It aims to define possible strategies for invective translation and factors that influence translator’s choice. Since the use of invective by political leaders is aimed primarily at provoking a certain reaction from their opponents and the public, the main criterion of equivalence in the translation of such units is pragmatics, which stipulates the translator’s task as trying to make the invective perform the same function in the translation and be perceived in the same way as in the original, often regardless of its language component in the source language. The paper suggests that it becomes possible with the help of pragmatic adaptation, which implies various manipulations with the source text aimed to ensure its better understanding by the receptors of translation. Three main translation strategies of pragmatic adaptation are proposed: neutralization, substitution and stylistic amplification. These strategies dictate the further choice of translator’s decisions and the application of translation transformations aiming to preserve the emotional and evaluative load of invective in translation.

scholarly journals INDONESIAN TO ENGLISH SINGABLE TRANSLATIONS BY LOCAL AND FOREIGN TRANSLATORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-234
Author(s):  
Andika Wijaya ◽  
Gloria Christine Setiyowati
Keyword(s):  
Target Language ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Song Lyric ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Descriptive Method

Song lyric translation is important because in these recent decades people can access songs worldwide. The aim of this research is to gain an understanding of the difference between singable translations made by an Indonesian translator and a foreign translator by investigating what translation procedures and methods occur in two translated songs from Indonesian to English using qualitative descriptive method. The result of this research indicates that the singable translation made by a foreign translator is more identical to the source language (SL) compared to the one made by an Indonesian translator. However, despite the differences, the two translated songs share something in common, for instance the singability and the length of lyrics. Taking the findings into consideration, it could be said that the foreign translator is more faithful to the source text (ST), while the Indonesian translator emphasizes the target language (TL) more.

scholarly journals The Application of Translation Strategies to Cope With Equivalence Problems in Translating Texts

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Dhini Aulia
Keyword(s):  
Equivalence Problem ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Specific Concept ◽  
Equivalence Problems

Translation is a process to render the meaning from the source text into the target text. A translator, however, will find some problems during translation process. Equivalence is the case which often appears (i.e. culture specific concept, the source-language concept is not lexicalized in the target language, source-language word is semantically complex, etc). To cope with equivalnce problems in translation process, some experts suggest some strategies which can be applied in doing translation. Some strategies are transference, naturalization, cultural equivalent, etc. The strategies which often appears in the example texts in this paper are transference, naturalization, descriptive equivalent, couplet and  through-translation. It is recomended that translator apply the strategies if only there is no equivalence problem in target language. 

The translation of wordplay in interlingual subtitling

Babel ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Williamson ◽  
Raquel De Pedro Ricoy
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Source Language ◽  
French Film ◽  
Translation Strategy ◽  
Narrow View ◽  
Audiovisual Translation

It is frequently said that humor does not travel well, and wordplay, which is inseparably connected to humor, poses particular problems for the translator as it is intrinsically linked to the source language and culture, and consequently is often described as untranslatable. The translator’s task is further complicated when instances of wordplay are encountered in audiovisual texts due to the constrained and semiotic nature of the medium. The aim of this paper is to examine the translation strategies applied to wordplay in the English subtitles of the French film Bienvenue chez les Ch’tis [Boon 2008]. To do this, instances of wordplay in the source text and the target text were classified according to the typology of wordplay as proposed by Delabastita (1996), and subsequently analyzed using the General Theory of Verbal Humor (GTVH) (Attardo and Raskin 1991) in order to contrast the differences between source text and target text instances of wordplay. The findings show the trends in the application of translation strategies and demonstrate that GTVH, albeit with some modifications, is a useful analytical tool in the context of audiovisual translation in that it could show how the puns evolved in translation and therefore give a better understanding of wordplay to aid the choice of translation strategy. As long as a narrow view of equivalence is avoided, this study demonstrates that the translation of wordplay is possible even within the polysemiotic structures of audiovisual texts.

scholarly journals English Conceptual Discourse Patterns into Azeri-Turkish: A Case Study of Animal Farm

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Esmail Faghih ◽  
Roya Moghiti
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Discourse Patterns ◽  
Animal Farm

Discourse includes both structural and conceptual patterns.  Most of these patterns are different in various languages.  A conceptual pattern in source language can be realized in different ways in a target language.  Therefore, the translator should be aware of this kind of differences between SL and TL conceptual patterns, because rendering these patterns from the source text into the target one can be problematic and their inaccurate transfer may lead to a flawed translation.  This descriptive study aimed to investigate the conceptual discourse patterns and related ideologies in a novel entitled Animal Farm and as the same realizing the conceptual patterns in its translation into Azeri-Turkish.  Accordingly, the researchers selected and analyzed the samples based on Fairclough’s approach (2001) to CDA.  The findings indicated that the translators’ ideological and socio-cultural norms affect their translation strategies and lexical and grammatical choices and this in turn influences their success to recognize and transmit the ST implicit ideologies into TT. Keywords:  Conceptual Discourse Patterns, English, Azeri-Turkish  

scholarly journals Reflections on the Status of Hungarian Loanwords in Old Romanian Translations

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-226
Author(s):  
Enikő Pál
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Source Language ◽  
The Bible ◽  
God's Word ◽  
The Status ◽  
The One ◽  
Great Complexity ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractTranslation has always been important for religion as a way of preaching God's word. The first Romanian translations of religious texts, including the first (although incomplete) translation of the Bible, date from the sixteenth century. In this early period of Romanian writing, Romanian translators encountered several problems in conveying the meaning of these texts of a great complexity. Some of the difficulties were due to the source texts available in the epoch, others to the ideal of literal translation, to the principle of legitimacy or to the relatively poor development of Romanian language which limited the translators' options. The present study focuses on the causes and purposes for which lexical items of Hungarian origin interweave old Romanian translations. In this epoch, Hungarian influence was favoured by a complex of political, legal, administrative and socioculturel factors, sometimes even forced by these circumstances. On the one hand, given the premises of vivid contacts between Romanians and Hungarians in the regions where the old Romanian translations (or their originals) can be located, a number of Hungarian loanwords of folk origin penetrated these texts. On the other hand, when using Hungarian sources, translators have imported useful source language caiques and loanwords, which have enriched Romanian language.

scholarly journals Figurative Language in Malay to English Translation: An Analysis of the 2015 UniMAP VC's Keynote Speech

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 05028
Author(s):  
A. Sharmini ◽  
Muhammad Bazli Mahmood ◽  
Khairul Hisham Jamalludin ◽  
Ahmad Hifzurrahaman Ridzuan ◽  
Mohamad Zaki Abdul Halim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
English Translation ◽  
Figurative Language ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Connotative Meaning ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Original Meaning ◽  
Vice Chancellor ◽  
Keynote Speech

Translating figurative language involves more than just replacing the figurative language with its equivalent in the target language. Therefore, it is not surprising for the translation of figurative language to have its own set of challenges. Problems the translator faces in translating the Malay Figurative Language into English include complexities in understanding, interpreting and recreating the Figurative language that are unique in the Source Language (SL) culture; which have to be explained and described in Target Language (TL) where such practices and customs are non - existent. Secondly, the Source Text (ST) figurative language may appear in a variety of types and have a distinct denotative and connotative meaning and reference; most often, it is difficult to find an equivalent which totally matches the original meaning or concept. This particular paper analyses the translation of figurative language extracted from UniMAP's Vice Chancellor Keynote Speech in 2015. Findings reveal that the three categories of figurative language identified were namely idioms, metaphors and similes. Translation strategies used are either not translated, paraphrased or translated with a similar meaning but in different form.

scholarly journals Foreignization in News Translation: Metaphors in Russian Translation on the News Translation Website InoSMI

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 346-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piet Van Poucke ◽  
Alexandra Belikova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Translation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Translation Strategy ◽  
Western Discourse ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Critical Interpretation ◽  
The One ◽  
Newspaper Articles

Journalistic texts, as a rule, contain a considerable number of metaphorically used expressions. This paper investigates the handling of metaphors in Russian translations of journalistic texts in order to reveal the different translation strategies used by the translators. The research is conducted in three consecutive steps. First, we identify all metaphors in a twofold corpus of 60 original Dutch, English and Finnish newspaper articles on the one hand, and their corresponding 60 translations into Russian on the other. Secondly, we compare the use of metaphors in the translations with their source texts in order to establish the translation strategies and to determine to which extent the metaphorical expressions in the target texts display a higher degree of foreignness than those used in the source texts. Finally, we analyze the cases of foreignization in the target texts in order to find an explanation for the use of this translation strategy. The investigation shows how foreignization is adopted by the translators in a certain number of specific contexts, making the Western discourse on Russian subjects more visible to the reader, especially in these cases where the source text contains metaphors that suggest a critical interpretation of the Russian state, society or the leaders of the country.

scholarly journals Documentary Subtitle Chinese-English Translation from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence: A Study on the Documentary China’s Fight against Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 36-48
Author(s):  
Yeheng Yang ◽  
Yi Li
Keyword(s):  
English Translation ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Sentence Length ◽  
Functional Equivalence ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Equivalence Theory ◽  
Present Particle ◽  
Shed Light

This paper adopts Nida's Functional Equivalence theory and studies the Chinese-English subtitle translation of the documentary China’s Fight against Covid-19, which was filmed and broadcast throughout China amid the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic in the year 2020, and it received positive responses in the country. The research objective is to find out the translation strategies, methods and skills involved in achieving the “most natural” and the “most closest” English expressions to the Chinese source text. In the study, investigations on the equivalence of Lexical level, Syntactical level, Contextual level and Textual level in the subtitle are conducted respectively, and the aforementioned translation aspects are discussed under the guidance of Nida’s functional equivalence. The key findings are that the translated texts adopt literal and liberal translation to deal with the Culture-loaded words and four-character idioms on a lexical level. While sentence restructuring, conversion of voice, and conjunction and present particle are used on the syntactic level to make source language and translated subtitle more coherent and authentic. On the contextual and textual level, the target text distinguishes the formal and informal languages through the sentence length and the complexity of the structure. This study offers a practical implication for translating Chinese pandemic discourses into English, and it can also shed light on the study of Chinese narratives during the COVID outbreak and the publicity of the Chinese countermeasures.  

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