scholarly journals Rhetorical Analysis of the Use of Metaphor in Ghana’s First and Former President, Dr. Kwame Nkrumah’s Political Speeches

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 09-15
Author(s):  
Sandra Addo Wiredu
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Rhetorical Analysis ◽  
Conceptual System ◽  
Kwame Nkrumah ◽  
Basic Meaning ◽  
George Lakoff ◽  
Political Speeches ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Contextual Meaning

In the late 1970s, linguists such as George Lakoff, Mark Johnson, and Michael Reddy began to realize that metaphor was extremely common and related to thought and action. Indeed, they claimed that “our conceptual system…is fundamentally metaphoric in nature” (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980). Owing to this, metaphor is used in all-out endeavours: socially, economically, politically, etc. From this perspective, this paper analyzes the use of metaphor in a corpus of speeches delivered by a prominent figure in Ghanaian politics. This is none other than one of the pioneers of African emancipation, the former and first president of the Republic of Ghana Dr. Kwame Nkrumah, in his fight for Independence for Ghana and African unity. It portrays the use of metaphor as a powerful tool to convey information, thereby making it more convincing to serve its intended purpose. It also reveals how Dr. Kwame Nkrumah (Ghana’s first president) used rhetoric to achieve his political aims. It unravels the metaphors used in his speech delivered on 10th July 1953, which is collected from samples of his speeches published online. Secondly, this paper adopts the use of MIPVU (which is a systematic and transparent procedure for identifying linguistic metaphors). It achieves inter-coder reliability and does not identify conceptual metaphors. By adopting MIPVU, lexical units of the sentences will be examined and then the contextual meaning of the unit will be established to determine more basic meaning. If the contextual meaning contrasts with the basic meaning but can be understood in comparison with it, then the unit will be marked as a metaphor. When the metaphor was identified, I used critical discourse analysis (CDA) methodology for data analysis. This paper's findings clearly demonstrate that the metaphor is predominant in political discourse and can actually trigger social action.

The Media’s Representation of the Content of the Inaugural Speeches and State of the Nation by João Lourenço, President of the Republic of Angola

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-57
Author(s):  
Gabriel Benguela ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Running Water ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Speeches ◽  
The Republic

Analyzing the political speeches, this article examines the media’s representation of the content of the inaugural and state speeches of the Nation by João Lourenço President of the Republic of Angola. The purpose of this article is to identify how João Lourenço’s speeches were represented by the media and which are the main themes of the speeches that were published in the news by the Jornal de Angola and the Jornal O País. This article was produced based on the qualitative method, the discourse analysis was done with the help of the discourse analysis technique that gave an understanding of the language and the social significance which constitute the political-social action given in João Lourenço’s political speeches. The pieces were collected through clippings and followed the prerequisites of the foundation of diversity of news as per the different threads which lead the interdiscourse, which helped to understand the communication trends in the selected corpus. The analysis shows that the most discussed topics in the Jornal de Angola and the Jornal o País, are related to Political-Ideological values, Social Challenges, Economic Challenges and Progress, ignoring in some cases key themes that João Lourenço’s government proposed to correct, such as combating corruption, impunity and nepotism. The decomposition of the speeches showed that the concerns that the President of the Republic of Angola, João Lourenço, presents, fall under the promotion of the Social State, the strengthening of the connection between the powers, the improvement of the quality of public information, the impetus to private enterprise and to the economy, the production of electricity and running water, inclusive and participatory governance, the promotion of freedom of the press, the control of illegal acts, the consolidation of democracy, the modernization of the Armed Forces, the enhancement of foreign ones, the implementation of local government combating corruption and impunity.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis Research Methods of Political Discourse

Discourse ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-102
Author(s):  
Ya. Yu. Demkina
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Comparative Methods ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Speeches ◽  
Linguistic Methods ◽  
Relationship Of

Introduction. The article compares the methods of researching political discourse with special attention to linguistic methods, in particular, to discourse analysis and cognitive and rhetorical approaches. These methods are widely used to study political speeches, statements, texts. Increasingly, political discourse is seen as a social phenomenon, not only at the discursive but also on the cognitive and rhetorical levels. The object of this study is methods of analysis of political discourse allowing to study the position of a politician in the discursive sphere and to identify the character of his audience. The subject of the analysis are examples from Joe Biden's political speeches, seen as an instrument of influence, persuasion in the process of speaking to the electorate. The relevance of the work is determined by the need to develop arguments to choose a particular approach to political discourse, especially cognitive and rhetorical, as well as discourse analysis, which allow to reveal veiled meanings of political statements and consider the methods of persuasion of the electorate.Methodology and data sources. The subject of the analysis are examples of Joe Biden’s political speeches, seen as an instrument of influence, persuasion in the process of speaking to the electorate. To compare approaches the study of political discourse, descriptive and comparative methods are used, the effectiveness of different approaches and methods is illustrated by specific examples of linguistic interpretation of discursive features of publications and speeches, revealing the ambitions of the politician most fully. A method of quantitative counting is also used.Results and discussion. The use of descriptive and comparative methods makes it possible to compare different approaches to the study of political texts and speeches, to discuss the relationship of heterogeneous methods, to identify the most effective methods of studying discourse. The result of the article was the conclusions about the effectiveness of different approaches to the study of the language of politicians at discursive, cognitive and rhetorical levels. Comparison of methods of research of political discourse distinguishes discourse-analysis among other methods of analysis. The use of discourse analysis to study political discourse reveals the functions of discourse, for example, manipulative, selective and combined functions related to political goals. The use of critical discourse analysis allows you to identify these functions most fully.Conclusion. The study of political discourse can be carried out at different levels, but the discursive level compared to cognitive and rhetorical levels is the most effective from a linguistic point of view. Discourse analysis allows to explore political discourse at more qualitative different level than rhetorical and other linguistic methods of research. Discourse analysis is presented as a method of researching hidden meanings in politics in this article.

scholarly journals Subjective View of Political Officers on Social Action: Phenomenology Study of Aksi Bela Islam (ABI) 212 (Action of Defending Islam) among Members of House of Representative of the Republic of Indonesia (DPR RI)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Almuzzammil Yusuf ◽  
Ibnu Hammad ◽  
Arif Subhan
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Social Background ◽  
George Herbert ◽  
George Herbert Mead ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Subjective View ◽  
Enormous Number

It was on 2 December 2016 that the enormous number of Islamic mass was on a gigantic demonstration, known as Aksi Bela Islam (ABI) 212 (Action of Defending Islam), in Jakarta which further was subject to the controversy by many parties including politicians. This research aims at finding out how ABI 212 is viewed by the 2014-2019 House of Representative of The Republic of Indonesia (DPR RI).  The research employed the interpretation framework of George Herbert Mead which put the view on ABI 212 as a Phenomenon interpretation. In line with the Mead theory which believes that view is in a subjective territory, the research employed perception phenomenology method with a subjective paradigm through the qualitative data analysis technique from Miles and Huberman. It was found that each of the representatives has their view on ABI 212. It was subjective and relative from one to another based on their intellectual and social background. The variety of the views can be united into those who are pro-ABI 212 because of the religious partisanship which has been formed long before the ABI 212. In regard with the "multi-generalized other", The organization’s view tends to be independent because of some aspects of the party's attitudes such as the market orientation shifting and the strong Islamic idealism legacy from their previous Islamic organizations.

scholarly journals THE ANALYSIS OF IDEOLOGIES IN DONALD TRUMP’S POLITICAL SPEECHES ON NATIONAL SECURITY : A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rize Rahmi Rahmi
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
National Security ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Discursive Practice ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Ideological Discourse ◽  
Political Speeches ◽  
Ideological Structure

Although there were many studies of Political Discourse had been done in CDA approach, but still few studies concern withrelation of ideology and language in the discourse. This study aims to, 1) find the ideological discourse structureswhich are used to enhance ideology in political speeches delivered by Donald Trump and 2) reveal the ideologies found in the speeches of Donald Trump about National Security. The analysis in this study is based on Fairclough’s(1992 )framework of Critical Discourse Analysis which consists of three levels of analysis; textual, discursive practice and socio-cultural practice. Then, for textual analysis, the writer used one analytical tool that is the theory of Ideological Discourse Structure of the discourse by Van Dijk (2000). The results showed that Donald Trump used language tactfully to achieve his goal on politics. The conclusion obtained is that Donald Trump enhances fascist ideology in his speeches which can be seen through the ideological structure of discourse which is found in his political speech on National Security.

scholarly journals The Place of Religion in the System of General Humanitarian Education of the Republic of Bashkortostan

2019 ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
Timur M. Nadyrshin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rhetorical Analysis ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
History Of Religion ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Secular Ethics ◽  
Ethics Course ◽  
History Of ◽  
Religious Cultures ◽  
Confessional Identity ◽  
The Republic

The article discusses the place of religion in the system of school humanitarian education of the Republic of Bashkortostan. At the regional level, one can clearly see what place religion occupies in the picture of the world of subjects of education on two subjects that essentially determine the worldview of schoolchildren. These include “Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics” and the History of Russia. The study focuses on the following aspects of the topic: the place of religion in textbooks on “Fundamentals of the Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics” and the History of Russia, the form of discourse in the lessons of “Fundamentals of the Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics”, the factors of choosing religious modules of the “Fundamentals of the Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics” course, students 'interest in the history of religion, students' knowledge of Russian religious leaders. The work is based on the analysis of statistical sources, observation, sociological survey of schoolchildren, parents, students, as well as rhetorical analysis of textbooks. As the results of the research show, in Bashkortostan, a low choice of confessional modules guarantees a weak religious socialization of students in the classrooms of the “Fundamentals of the Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics”, since the module reflects the subject's discourse. Schoolchildren of Bashkortostan demonstrate a rather low interest in the history of religion and the biographies of religious figures. The data obtained indicate a low level of confessional identity of schoolchildren in the region.

Latvijas prezidenta Egila Levita runu valodiskais profils: ceremoniālā, juridiskā vai politiskā retorika?

2021 ◽  
pp. 333-345
Author(s):  
Līga Romāne-Kalniņa ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Definition Of

Aristotle’s definition of rhetoric as the art of observing the available means of persuasion is one of the most widely used quotations not only in linguistics but also in social, political, and communication sciences. Aristotle, apart from defining the elements of rhetoric (logos, ethos and pathos), has proposed three types of rhetoric that refer either to the present situation (ceremonial), the past (judicial), or the future (political). The current president of Latvia and his language use is one of the most widely discussed topics across the media and academia due to the register, style, and content of his speeches. Moreover, the president of Latvia has a direct impact on how the state is perceived nationally and internationally; thus, it is significant to investigate the linguistic profile of the linguistic expression of the ideas communicated by the president to the wider public. The current study analyses 160 speeches given by president Egils Levits on nationally significant occasions as well as internationally with the aim to investigate whether the speeches of the president of Latvia correspond to the ceremonial, political or judicial rhetoric because the president represents both legal and political discourse as the former judge of the European Court of Human Rights and the former minister of Justice, and as the head of the Republic of Latvia represents the state nationally and abroad. The study is grounded in the theories on rhetoric and Critical Discourse Analysis applied to political discourse and presidential language and discussed by scholars such as Aristotle (1959), Van Dijk (2006), Chilton and Schäffner (2002), O’Keeffe (2006), Van Dijk (2008), David (2014), Wilson (2015) and Wodak and Mayer (2016). The results of the current study reveal that the speeches are a clear representation of a combination of legal, political, and ceremonial rhetoric and cross various semantic fields that are marked by the use of field terminology in combination with topos of definition and name interpretation to explain the terms directly in the speeches. The speeches by Levits are furthermore marked by relatively frequent use of loanwords, neologisms, obsolete words, and compounds that is one of the main characteristics of the linguistic profile of his speeches. Additional characteristic features are the use of parallel sentence constructions, inverted word orders, rhetorical questions, and pronominal referencing to attract the listener's attention and emphasize the thematic areas of the speeches. Nevertheless, it has been concluded that such linguistic techniques as metaphors, metonymies, synecdoche, or hyperbole are used comparatively less frequently, thus making the speeches appear more formal and less emotional from the linguistic point of view.

Kritička medijska pismenost i komunikacijska kompetencija sudionika deliberacije

2016 ◽  
pp. 49-68
Author(s):  
Zlatan Mujak
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Media Literacy ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
New Labour ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Critical Media Literacy ◽  
Validity Claims ◽  
Critical Media ◽  
Universal Pragmatics ◽  
The Republic

The study represents an attempt of converging the elements of critical media literacy with the Habermasian theory of communicative competence. Universal pragmatics (validity claims) is being used as a theoretical base for the development of an analytical framework of critical media literacy, and the method is being empirically and experimentally tested through critical discourse analysis of the theme of the new Labour Law adoption in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Srpska. The analysis includes 32 media texts on the Klix, Buka and N1 news portals. Positive and negative claims about the adoption of the new Labour Law are being tested for comprehensibility, truth, sincerity and legitimacy.

scholarly journals Talking Our Way Around Expert Caution: A Rhetorical Analysis of VAM

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glory Tobiason
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Teacher Evaluation ◽  
Rhetorical Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Education Reforms ◽  
Use Value ◽  
Persuasive Strategies ◽  
Political Speeches ◽  
Public Decision

This study turns a rhetorical lens on the debate about how best to use value-added modeling (VAM) in teacher evaluation by addressing the question, Which arguments legitimize the dismissal of expert caution about proposed education reforms? My rhetorical analysis of a corpus of nonacademic texts (e.g., newspapers, magazines, political speeches) reveals three persuasive strategies that function to get around technical concerns about VAM. By pointing out these strategies and explaining how they work, the study disrupts their persuasive potential and suggests a potentially overlooked role of expertise in public decision making.

The legitimization of the use of sweat shops by H&M in the Swedish press

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Cotal San Martin ◽  
David Machin
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Social Action ◽  
News Media ◽  
Global South ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Social Actor ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Action Analysis ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Sweat Shops

Abstract In the Swedish news-media we find sporadic critical, or reflective, reporting on the production conditions of Swedish ‘sweat-shop’ factories in the Global South, used to supply Transnational Corporations (TNCs). In this paper we carry out a critical discourse analysis, in particular using Van Leeuwen’s social actor and social action analysis, to look at examples from a larger corpus of 88 news reports and editorials from the Swedish press, between 2012–2017, which report and comment on activities of the Swedish company H&M in relation to its production chains. Analysis reveals how these recontextualize events, processes and motives, to represent Sweden and Swedish TNCs as characterized by a benevolent, democratic, humane, form of capitalism, drawing on discourses of a former social democratic Sweden of the 1960s before it became highly neo-liberalized. This nationalism converges with other discourses promoting the exploitation of the Global South.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document