scholarly journals Polifenoles Totales, Antocianinas y Capacidad Antioxidante (DPPH y ABTS) durante el procesamiento del licor y polvo de cacao

2018 ◽  
pp. 43-51
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Cocoa Powder ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Folch Method

Polifenoles Totales, Antocianinas y Capacidad Antioxidante (DPPH y ABTS) durante el procesamiento del licor y polvo de cacao Total polyphenols, anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity (DPPH and ABTS) during processing of cocoa liquor and cocoa powder Chávez Rivera Ronald Eduardo y Ordoñez Gómez, Elizabeth Susana, Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva, Apartado 156 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2013.0006/ Resumen  El presente trabajo de investigación se desarrolló en los laboratorios del (CIPNA – CIDBAM) – UNAS. Los objetivos fueron: cuantificar el contenido de polifenoles totales, antocianinas y determinar la capacidad antioxidante por su capacidad de inhibir radicales libres 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrilhydrazyl (DPPH) y ácido 2,2-azinobis(3etilbenzotiazoline)-6-acidosulfonico (ABTS)durante el proceso del licor de cacao y polvo de cacao. Las muestras fueron molidas y desgrasadas por el método Folch. Se preparó extractos hidroalcohólicos que consistió en pesar 10 g de cacao en 100 mL (agua/etanol 50:50v/v), macerado por 24 h, filtrado y centrifugado a 10000 rpm/10min/4ºC. Los resultados fueron analizados mediante el diseño completo al azar (DCA) y el diseño de bloques completo al azar (DBCA), en los tratamientos donde hubo diferencia estadística se aplicó la prueba de Tukey (p<0,05), utilizando el programa SAS versión 9.0. Para analizar todos los tratamientos de manera conjunta se utilizó el análisis multivariado con componentes principales, utilizando el programa estadístico InfoStat versión 2011. El mayor contenido de polifenoles totales durante el procesamiento del licor de cacao y polvo de cacao fue en el grano 6,394±0,095 g EAG/100 g y el menor fue para el grano molido 4,036±0,105 g EAG/100 g. El mayor contenido de antocianinas fue en el grano 1,490±0,043 mg cianidina-3-glucósido/g y el menor fue para el grano molido 0,074±0,003 mg cianidina-3-glucósido/g. y la mayor capacidad de inhibición del radical DPPH fue IC50=51,158±0,117 μg/mL y la mejor capacidad de inhibir del radical ABTS fue IC50=34,918±0,054 μg/mL. Descriptores: cacao, polifenoles, antocianinas, antioxidante, DPPH, ABTS 236 Abstract This research was developed in the laboratories of (CIPNA – CIDBAM) - UNAS. The objectives were to quantify the content of total polyphenols, anthocyanins and to determine their antioxidant capacity by their ability to inhibit free radicals 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrilhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2 - azinobis (3etilbenzotiazoline)-6-acidosulfonic (ABTS) during the process of cocoa liquor and cocoa powder. The samples were ground and defatted by the Folch method. Hydroalcoholic extracts were prepared by weighing 10 g of cocoa in 100 mL (water / ethanol 50:50 v / v), macerating it for 24 h, filtering and centrifuging at 10000 rpm/10min/4ºC. The results were analyzed using a complete randomized design (CRD) and a complete randomized block design (CRBD), and in the treatments with statistical differences a Tukey test (p <0.05) was used using SAS version 9.0. To analyze all treatments in conjunction a principal component multivariate analysis was used using the statistical software InfoStat version 2011. The highest content of total polyphenols in the process of making cocoa liquor and cocoa powder was found in the grain with 6.394 g ± 0.095 g EAG/100 g and the lowest was found in the grounded grain with 4.036 ± 0.105 g EAG/100 g. The highest content of anthocyanins was in the grain with 1.490 ± 0.043 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside/g and the lowest was in the grounded grain with 0.074 ± 0.003 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside/g and the greatest inhibitory capacity for the DPPH radical was IC50 = 51.158 ± 0.117 µg/mL and the greatest capacity to inhibit the ABTS radical was IC50 = 34.918 ± 0.054 µg/mL. Keywords: Cocoa, poly-phenols, anthocyanins, antioxidant, DPPH, ABTS 235

scholarly journals Pengaruh Perlakuan Suhu dan Waktu Maserasi terhadap Karakteristik Ekstrak Daun Bambu Duri (Bambusa blumeana) sebagai Sumber Antioksidan

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Ni Made Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Luh Putu Wrasiati ◽  
Amna Hartiati
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Effect On Yield

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu dan waktu maserasi terhadap karakteristik ekstrak daun bambu duri sebagai sumber antioksidan serta untuk menentukan suhu dan waktu maserasi terbaik untuk menghasilkan karakteristik ekstrak daun bambu duri sebagai sumber antioksidan. Percobaan ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama yaitu suhu maserasi yang terdiri atas 30°C, 45°C, dan 60°C. Faktor kedua yaitu waktu maserasi yang terdiri atas 24, 36, dan 48 jam. Data dianalisis dengan analisis variansi dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu maserasi dan waktu maserasi berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap rendemen, total fenolik, total flavonoid, klorofil total, kapasitas antioksidan, dan aktivitas antioksidan. Interaksi antar perlakuan berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap total fenolik, total flavonoid, dan kapasitas antioksidan, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap rendemen ekstrak daun bambu duri. Perlakuan terbaik untuk menghasilkan ekstrak daun bambu duri sebagai sumber antioksidan adalah menggunakan suhu maserasi 60°C dan waktu maserasi 36 jam dengan karakteristik rendemen 9,82±0,18 persen, total fenolik sebesar 100,19±0,14 mg GAE/g, total flavonoid sebesar 186,86±0,70 mg QE/g, dan kapasitas antioksidan sebesar 83,99±0,78 mg GAEAC/g.  ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the effect of temperature and maceration time on the characteristics of bambu duri leaf extracts as a source of antioxidants and to determine the best temperature and time of maceration to produce bambu duri leaf extract characteristics as a source of antioxidants. This study used factorial randomized block design. The first factor is maceration temperature consisting of 30°C, 45°C and 60°C. The second factor is maceration time consisting of 24, 36, and 48 hours. The data was analysed by analysis of variance and continued with the Tukey test. The results showed that maceration temperature and maceration time had a very significant effect on yield, total phenolic, total flavonoid, and antioxidant capacity. The interaction between treatments had a very significant effect on the total phenolic, total flavonoid, and antioxidant capacity, but had no significant effect on the yield of bambu duri leaf extract. The best treatment to produce bambu duri leaf extract as a source of antioxidants is using maceration temperature of 60°C and maceration time of 36 hours with a yield characteristics of 9.82±0.18 percent, total phenolic of 100.19±0.14 mg GAE/g, total flavonoids of 186.86±0.70 mg QE/g, and antioxidant capacity of 83.99±0.78 mg GAEAC/g.

Long-term effects of feeding diets without mineral phosphorus supplementation on the performance and phosphorus excretion in high-yielding dairy cows

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Odongo ◽  
D. McKnight ◽  
A. KoekKoek ◽  
J. W. Fisher ◽  
P. Sharpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Mineral Phosphorus ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Randomized Design

The objective of this study was to assess the long-term effects of feeding a diet with no mineral phosphorus (P) supplementation on performance and P excretion in high-yielding dairy cows. In exp. 1, 24 primiparous (PP) and 40 multiparous (MP) Holstein cows were allocated to one of two treatments at calving: (1) regular corn silage and alfalfa haylage based milking cow total mixed ration (TMR; 0.42% P diet) or (2) milking cow total mixed ration (TMR) without supplemental mineral P (0.35% P diet) in a completely randomized design. The trial lasted until after two lactations were completed or the cow was culled. In exp. 2, eight MP Holstein cows (108 ± 8.0 d in milk) were used to determine P digestibility and retention in a completely randomized block design. In exp. 1, the 0.35% P diet cows had lower body weight, body condition score and milk urea nitrogen and higher faecal P than the 0.42% P cows. The dry matter intake (DMI) of PP cows on the 0.35% P diet was lower than that of PP cows on the 0.42% P diet. There was no difference in the DMI of MP cows. The P intake of 0.35% P diet PP cows was 30% lower than that of 0.42% P diet PP cows. The P intake of 0.35% P diet MP cows was 20% lower than that of 0.42% P diet MP. The digestibility coefficient of P for the 0.35% P diet was higher than that for the 0.42% P diet. These results suggest that the forages used in the present study contained adequate amounts of P to sustain milk production in high-yielding MP cows. However, for PP cows some mineral P supplementation is recommended especially during early lactation. Key words: Phosphorus, environmental pollution, intensive dairy operations

scholarly journals Okra seedlings production in protected environment, testing substrates and producing fruits in field

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 08-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edilson Costa ◽  
Taynara G de Souza ◽  
Gleciane de L Benteo ◽  
Katiane SS Benett ◽  
Cleiton GS Benett
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
State University ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Hot Weather ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

The okra grows well in hot weather, finding favorable conditions for development in Brazil. We evaluated the production of okra seedlings and productivity. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, in Aquidauana. In the seedling phase we tested substrates (100% triturated cassava stems, 75% triturated cassava stems and 25% vermiculite, 50% triturated cassava stems and 50% vermiculite, 25% triturated cassava stems and 75% vermiculite and 100% vermiculite). These substrates were placed in two protected environments (nursery with black screen, 50% of shading, and aluminized screen, 50% of shading). Each environment was considered an experiment conducted in completely randomized design with eight replications. After that we realized joint analysis. In the field, a total of 10 treatments generated from combinations of environments and substrates (2 environments x 5 substrates) were distributed in a randomized block design with four replications. The average proportions of cassava stems and vermiculite may be suitable for okra seedlings. The results of shoot and total dry phytomass indicate that the aluminized screen can be recommended for okra seedlings production when the substrate with a 1:1 ratio is used. Seedlings grown on higher percentages of vermiculite anticipate production, while seedlings produced only in cassava stems tend to slow it down. The aluminized screen tends to increase the yield of okra seedlings. Average proportions of vermiculite and cassava stems for seedling production under aluminized screen, provide more fruits and yield of okra in Aquidauana.

scholarly journals PENGARUH SUHU DAN WAKTU MASERASI TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH KAKAO (Theobroma cacao L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Dimas Anggi Ananta ◽  
G.P. Ganda Putra ◽  
I Wayan Arnata
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husk ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Temperature Time

Cocoa pod husk is a by-product of cocoa processing which is quite abundant and has not been used optimally. Cacao pod husk can be used more optimally by extracting, its content of polyphenol compounds which can be used as natural antioxidants. The aim of this study were to determine the effect of temperature and maceration time of cocoa pod husk extract as a source of antioxidants and to determine the best type of temperature and maceration time to produce cocoa pod husk extract as a source of antioxidants. This experiment was designed by using factorial randomized block design. The first factor was type of maceration temperature consisting of 30±2°C, 45±2°C and 60±2°C. The second factor was maceration time, which were done for 24, 36 and 48 h. The data were analyzed with analysis of variance and continued with the Tukey test. The results showed that the temperature and time of maceration had a very significant effect on yield, total phenolic and antioxidant capacity of cocoa pod husk extract. Interactions between treatments had a very significant effect on total phenolic and antioxidant capacity but did not significantly affect the yield of cocoa pod husk extract. The best treatment for producing cocoa pod husk extract as a source of antioxidants was using maceration temperature 60±2°C and maceration time for 36 h with yield characteristics 5,28±0,15%, total phenolic at 168.16±0,06 mg GAE/g and capacity antioxidant 130.94±0.84 mg GAEAC/g. Keywords: Cocoa pod husk, extraction, temperature, time, antioxidants.

scholarly journals Influences of two CO2 concentrations and water availability on bean crop

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 730-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
João B. L. da Silva ◽  
Paulo A. Ferreira ◽  
Luanna C. Pires ◽  
Eduardo G. Pereira ◽  
José E. S. Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Bean Crop

This study was carried out to determine some physiological and phenological responses of the bean under high [CO2] and drought stress. The experiment was conducted from April to July 2009 in Viçosa, Brazil. The open-top chambers were used to enrich the air with CO2, whereas the drought stress was applied between the flowering and the ripening. The randomized block design was used, with four replicates in the subplots. The following plots were [CO2] at 700ppm (F1) and [CO2] environmental (F2) and the subplots were well watering (S1) and drought stress (S2). The results were subjected to Anova and the Tukey test (P < 0.05). For the treatments F1S1 and F1S2 the photosynthetic rate showed increments of 59% and the transpiration reduction of 12%. The yield, leaf temperature and stomatal conductance were not significant different to high [CO2], different from the dry matter, who showed increment of 20% (F1S1) and the water use efficiency who showed increase of 90% for high [CO2]. The osmotic potential was lower in plants under drought stress (F2S2 and F1S2), followed by plants under high [CO2] (F1S1). Despite the increment in photosynthesis, high [CO2] does not guarantee higher yield.

scholarly journals Advanced lines of Jalapeño pepper with potential for mechanical harvesting

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Matias Gomes ◽  
Cláudia Silva da Costa Ribeiro ◽  
Carlos Francisco Ragassi ◽  
Lorena Sousa Silva ◽  
Francisco José Becker Reifschneider
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Selected Lines ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Plant Characteristics ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the plant and fruit characteristics in advanced lines of Jalapeño pepper for mechanical harvesting. Thus, two experiments were carried out in the field. Experiment I (2015) was conducted as a randomized block design (three replications and eight plants per plot) and Experiment II (2016) in a completely randomized design (five replications and ten plants per plot). In 2015, lines CNPH 30,112, CNPH 30,118, CNPH 30,147, CNPH 30,159, CNPH 30,183, and CNPH 30,245 were evaluated, together with the control ‘BRS Sarakura’. Significant differences were detected for fruit and plant characteristics (P<0.05). Lines CNPH 30,118, CNPH 30,147, CNPH 30,159, and CNPH 30,245 were selected based on plant height and height of the first bifurcation, earliness, and yield. They were evaluated again in 2016, together with ‘BRS Sarakura’ and ‘Jalapeño Plus F1’ as controls. In 2016, CNPH 30,159 and CNPH 30,118 were selected due to their potential for mechanical harvesting. They were evaluated for height of the first bifurcation (>10cm), large fruits (11 cm x 4 cm), high pulp firmness (11 N), wall thickness (about 5mm), and content of capsaicinoid substances (>50,000 SHU). Selected lines are undergoing additional field evaluation for mechanical harvesting with the Etgar Moses 1010 pepper harvester.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Jenis Pelarut dan Waktu Maserasi terhadap Ekstrak Kulit Biji Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) sebagai Sumber Antioksidan

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
I Wayan Gde Angga Prasetya ◽  
G.P. Ganda Putra ◽  
Luh Putu Wrasiati
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cocoa Bean ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Variant Analysis ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Cocoa bean husk is a waste of cocoa processing that is large enough and has not been used optimally. Cocoa bean husk waste can be used more optimally by extracting polyphenol compound and used as natural antioxidant. This research aims to determine the effect of the type of solvent and maceration time of cocoa bean husk extract as a source of antioxidants and to determine the best type of solvent and maceration time to produce cocoa bean husk extract as a source of antioxidants. This experiment uses a randomized block design with two factors. The first factor is the type of solvent consisting of methanol 95 percent, ethanol 96 percent and acetone 90 percent. The second factor is the maceration time consisting of 24, 36 and 48 hours. The data is analyzed by variant analysis and continued with the Tukey test. The results showed that the type of solvent and maceration time is a very significant effect on yield, total phenolic and antioxidant capacity. The interaction between treatment is a very significant effect on total phenolic and antioxidant capacity but did not significantly affect the yield of cocoa bean husk extract. The best treatment to produce cocoa bean husk extract as a source of antioxidants is using ethanol solvent and maceration time for 48 hours with a yield characteristic 11.72±0.45 percent, a total phenolic at 80.76±1.12 mg of GAE/g and Antioxidant capacity 49.55±1.13 mg GAEAC/g. Keywords : cocoa bean husk, extraction, solvent, antioxidants.

Use of agricultural waste material as an alternative substrate in cabbage seedling production and development

2020 ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Paola Alfonsa Vieira Lo Monaco ◽  
Josean de Castro Vieira ◽  
João Nacir Colombo ◽  
Marcelo Rodrigo Krause ◽  
Gustavo Haddad Souza Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Commercial Yield

Considering the need to reduce costs in the production of seedlings, the use of agricultural wastes becomes essential. The objective of this study was to evaluate a substrate composed of agricultural residues replacing the commercial substrate. The experiment was carried out in two phases. For the first phase, seedling production, we used a completely randomized design with six treatments and eight replications, using commercial substrate (Bioplant®) and five treatments with increasing proportions of moinha/descending proportions of rice husk (0/40; 10/30; 20/20; 30/10 and 40/0%), and fixed proportions of coconut fiber (15%) and pine bark (45%). We evaluated plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, root and shoot dry masses, and Dickson quality index at 33 days after sowing. In the second experiment, cabbage development under field conditions, the treatments were maintained with four replications, using the randomized block design. We evaluated cycle length, compactness, head and stem diameter, number of basal external leaves, mass of fresh matter of the head, and commercial yield. We recommend a substrate composed of 40% moinha, 15% coconut fiber, and 45% pine bark in the production of cabbage seedlings, replacing the commercial substrate.

scholarly journals Health quality and germination of Butia capitata seeds treated with bactericide and fungicide

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-307
Author(s):  
Vander Rocha Lacerda ◽  
◽  
Diemesson San Tiago Mendes ◽  
Fernando da Silva Rocha ◽  
Maria de Fátima Gonçalves Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Transparent Plastic ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Seed Health ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Health Quality ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Test Treatments ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Propagation of “coquinho-azedo” (Butia capitata) is limited due to dormancy and high incidence of fungi in its seeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of treating “coquinho-azedo” seeds with different concentrations of bactericide and/or fungicide on the incidence of fungi and on the germination of seeds. Thus, B. capitata seeds were immersed in four doses of the bactericide kasugamycin (0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 mL/L) and/or in four concentrations of the fungicide carbendazim+ thiram (0, 2.92, 5.84 e 8.75 mL/Kg), totaling 16 treatments. After the treatments, the operculum was removed from the seeds, which were placed on trays containing autoclaved sand, covered with transparent plastic film and kept in the nursery. In the germination test, treatments were distributed in randomized block design, factorial arrangement of 4x4 (bactericidal doses x fungicide doses), with four replicates of 50 seeds per plot. For the test of seed health quality, the Blotter test was employed in completely randomized design, using 20 replicates and 10 seeds. Health quality and germination were evaluated at 15 and 40 days after the treatment of seeds, respectively. There was no interaction between the bactericide and the fungicide on germination and control of fungi associated with seeds. However, there was an effect of fungicide concentrations on the evaluated parameters. We observed a negative correlation between the concentrations of the fungicide carbendazim + thiram and fungal incidence, and a positive correlation between the fungicide concentrations and seed germination. Therefore, fungicide treatment reduces the fungal incidence and provides better germination of B. capitata seeds.

Proteolysis in alfalfa silages made from different cultivars

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Tremblay ◽  
G. Bélanger ◽  
K. B. McRae ◽  
R. Michaud
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
First Year ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Alfalfa Silage ◽  
High Forage

During silage fermentation, proteolysis reduces the nutritional value of N, particularly in alfalfa. This study evaluated the proteolysis of 27 alfalfa cultivars seeded in triplicate in 2 consecutive years. Forage from each plot was wilted to a targeted dry matter (DM) content of 250 g kg–1 and ensiled in laboratory silos. Minisilos were made with spring growth and summer regrowth in the first year of production for the first seeding, and with the first 2 yr of production for the second seeding, giving 3 harvest years altogether. Concentrations of NPN, NH3, FAA, DM, TN, and pH were measured in silages, whereas RUP concentration was evaluated in forages. Low NPN concentration indicates low proteolysis during silage fermentation. Spring growth and summer regrowth were analyzed separately by ANOVA as a completely randomized block design replicated over 3 harvest years. A principal component analysis was then performed on the ANOVA means. Silage DM was used as covariate when it was deemed appropriate. There was a significant variation among cultivars for NPN concentration in silages made of summer regrowth; it varied from 612 to 717 g kg–1 of TN. Concentration of NPN was significantly lower for cultivars WL 225, Rangelander, Iroquois, and WL 222, and higher for cultivars Oneida VR, Arrow, Vernal, Spredor 2, and Armor. Oneida VR and Rangelander had respectively high and low silage NPN concentration in both spring growth and summer regrowth. From cultivars with low silage NPN concentration, Rangelander was the only one with high forage RUP concentration in both spring growth and summer regrowth; proteins in this cultivar would be more resistant to microbial degradation during ensiling and in the rumen. Key words: Non protein nitrogen; proteolysis; alfalfa silage; cultivars

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