scholarly journals SUPREME THEORY OF EVERYTHING: Theoretical Formulation of The Spectral Density of Electromagnetic Radiation Emitted By A Nonblack Body

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Density ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Theoretical Formulation ◽  
Theory Of Everything ◽  
Black Bodies ◽  
Celestial Bodies ◽  
Planck’S Law ◽  
Experimental Diagram ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Modern Astronomy

Hertzsprung-Russel Diagram (HRD) plots each star on a graph measuring the star’s brightness concerning its temperature (color) between 2000K and 50000 K. It registered about 90 percent of the stars in the universe, including the Sun, located in the main sequence branch of stars in HRD. HRD is an experimental diagram, and its theory could be supposed to be Planck's law. However, Planck's law itself is empirical and contradicts recorded astronomical experimental data. Modern astronomy can observe celestial bodies in space, with surface temperatures ranging from 0 Kelvin to millions of degrees. During this time either Planck's law or HRD didn't develop. In this paper, the spectral density of electromagnetic radiation of non-black bodies is described theoretically.

Astronomy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Pavlov
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Educational Standards ◽  
Celestial Bodies ◽  
Astronomical Research ◽  
State Educational ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Universe ◽  
11Th Grade ◽  
Modern Astronomy

The textbook presents almost all sections of modern astronomy: a historical overview, the basics of practical astronomy, the laws of motion of celestial bodies, the structure of the Solar system, methods of astronomical research, basic information about the Sun, stars, planets, galaxies and the Universe as a whole. To work with the textbook, you need knowledge of the main sections of mathematics, physics and chemistry in the volume of the high school course. At the end of the paragraphs, there is a list of questions for better assimilation of the material, as well as tasks focused on preparing for the Unified State Exam in physics. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation. For students of the 11th grade, students of secondary special educational institutions and anyone interested in the problems of modern astronomy.

scholarly journals III. On the nature and construction of the sun and fixed stars

1795 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 46-72 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Body ◽  
Planetary System ◽  
Considerable Progress ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Great Satisfaction ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
Celestial Bodies ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Made In

Among the celestial bodies the sun is certainly the first which should attract our notice. It is a fountain of light that illuminates the world! it is the cause of that heat which main­tains the productive power of nature, and makes the earth a fit habitation for man! it is the central body of the planetary system; and what renders a knowledge of its nature still more interesting to us is, that the numberless stars which compose the universe, appear, by the strictest analogy, to be similar bodies. Their innate light is so intense, that it reaches the eye of the observer from the remotest regions of space, and forcibly claims his notice. Now, if we are convinced that an inquiry into the nature and properties of the sun is highly worthy of our notice, we may also with great satisfaction reflect on the considerable progress that has already been made in our knowledge of this eminent body. It would require a long detail to enumerate all the various discoveries which have been made on this subject; I shall, therefore, content myself with giving only the most capital of them.

scholarly journals The Hot Universe with XRISM and Athena

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (S342) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
M. Guainazzi ◽  
M. S. Tashiro
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cosmological Evolution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Cosmic Vision ◽  
Esa Cosmic Vision ◽  
The Universe

AbstractX-ray spectroscopy is key to address the theme of “The Hot Universe”, the still poorly understood astrophysical processes driving the cosmological evolution of the baryonic hot gas traceable through its electromagnetic radiation. Two future X-ray observatories: the JAXA-led XRISM (due to launch in the early 2020s), and the ESA Cosmic Vision L-class mission Athena (early 2030s) will provide breakthroughs in our understanding of how and when large-scale hot gas structures formed in the Universe, and in tracking their evolution from the formation epoch to the present day.

A Tale of Two Infinities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Bertone
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Fundamental Physics ◽  
Modern Cosmology ◽  
Nobel Prize In Physics ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Modern Astronomy

The spectacular advances of modern astronomy have opened our horizon on an unexpected cosmos: a dark, mysterious Universe, populated by enigmatic entities we know very little about, like black holes, or nothing at all, like dark matter and dark energy. In this book, I discuss how the rise of a new discipline dubbed multimessenger astronomy is bringing about a revolution in our understanding of the cosmos, by combining the traditional approach based on the observation of light from celestial objects, with a new one based on other ‘messengers’—such as gravitational waves, neutrinos, and cosmic rays—that carry information from otherwise inaccessible corners of the Universe. Much has been written about the extraordinary potential of this new discipline, since the 2017 Nobel Prize in physics was awarded for the direct detection of gravitational waves. But here I will take a different angle and explore how gravitational waves and other messengers might help us break the stalemate that has been plaguing fundamental physics for four decades, and to consolidate the foundations of modern cosmology.

scholarly journals Supreme Theory of Everything

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Electromagnetic Wave ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Wave Particle Duality ◽  
Theory Of Everything ◽  
Parallel Universes ◽  
Celestial Bodies ◽  
Geometric Quantum Mechanics

Not only universe, but everything has general characters as eternal, infinite, cyclic and wave-particle duality. Everything from elementary particles to celestial bodies, from electromagnetic wave to gravity is in eternal motions, which dissects only to circle. Since everything is described only by trigonometry. Without trigonometry and mathematical circle, the science cannot indicate all the beauty of harmonic universe. Other method may be very good, but it is not perfect. Some part is very nice, another part is problematic. General Theory of Relativity holds that gravity is geometric. Quantum Mechanics describes all particles by wave function of trigonometry. In this paper using trigonometry, particularly mathematics circle, a possible version of the unification of partial theories, evolution history and structure of expanding universe, and the parallel universes are shown.

National calendar, some historical days, our traditions and spiritual values

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (01) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Ali Umud Ali Umud Aliyev
Keyword(s):  
Living History ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Experimental Knowledge ◽  
Lunar Calendar ◽  
The People ◽  
Celestial Bodies ◽  
Connection With Nature ◽  
The Universe

It is the people who make the history live, the people is the living history. The ancient inhabitants of the universe, our ancestors, our great ancestors created separate calendars on the basis of their experimental knowledge about the change of the year, month and day. The folk calendar, the lunar calendar, the solar calendar, and the lunar-solar calendar are the meanings that human beings have discovered by studying the mysteries of nature. As a result of man's connection with nature in every field, his observation and comparison, a folk calendar was formed. According to the folk calendar, our ancient ancestors, depending on the movement of celestial bodies, falling leaves from above or below in autumn, the position of clouds in the sky, the redness of the horizon in the morning or evening, the behavior of animals, birds flying close to the ground, weather, rain or snow predicted hurricanes and storms, earthquakes, hot and dry summers, and harsh winters.

The World Code

2008 ◽  
pp. 58-75
Author(s):  
Azamat Abdoullaev
Keyword(s):  
Big Bang ◽  
Theoretical Physics ◽  
Formal Ontology ◽  
Knowledge Domain ◽  
The Real ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The World ◽  
Theory Of Everything ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
The Universe

Formalizing the world in rigorous mathematical terms is no less significant than its fundamental understanding and modeling in terms of ontological constructs. Like black and white, opposite sexes or polarity signs, ontology and mathematics stand complementary to each other, making up the unique and unequaled knowledge domain or knowledge base, which involves two parts: • Ontological (real) mathematics, which defines the real significance for the mathematical entities, so studying the real status of mathematical objects, functions, and relationships in terms of ontological categories and rules. • Mathematical (formal) ontology, which defines the mathematical structures of the real world features, so concerned with a meaningful representation of the universe in terms of mathematical language. The combination of ontology and mathematics and substantial knowledge of sciences is likely the only one true road to reality understanding, modeling and representation. Ontology on its own can’t specify the fabric, design, architecture, and the laws of the universe. Nor theoretical physics with its conceptual tools and models: general relativity, quantum physics, Lagrangians, Hamiltonians, conservation laws, symmetry groups, quantum field theory, string and M theory, twistor theory, loop quantum gravity, the big bang, the standard model, or theory of everything material. Nor mathematics alone with its abstract tools, complex number calculus, differential calculus, differential geometry, analytical continuation, higher algebras, Fourier series and hyperfunctions is the real path to reality (Penrose, 2005).

4. Windows in the sky

2016 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Geoff Cottrell
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Transverse Waves ◽  
The Universe

The atmosphere influences much of what can be seen through a telescope. Most of the atmosphere lies within 16 km from the Earth’s surface. Further out, the air becomes thinner until it merges with outer space. In the ionosphere—a layer 75–1000 km high—neutral atoms are ionized by solar radiation and high-energy cosmic ray particles arriving from distant parts of the Universe. ‘Windows in the sky’ explains electromagnetic radiation and the electromagnetic spectrum from gamma rays through to visible light and radio waves. Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves that can be polarized. The atmosphere acts as a filter and blocks cosmic electromagnetic radiation. Atmospheric turbulence distorts starlight resulting in ‘twinkling’ stars.

scholarly journals Gamma radiation as a source of information about the characteristics of celestial bodies

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 00002
Author(s):  
Marek Przyborski ◽  
Zuzanna Siemieniago
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Neutron Stars ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
The World ◽  
Celestial Bodies ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
The Universe

The Universe is a violent and hostile environmental. Remote sensing methods give the possibility to search for the answer to the most fundamental question that humankind has ask, how the universe works? In this paper we would like to take a closer look at the some specific objects in the Universe that their influence on its evolution is still a matter of research all over the world. The Gamma Bursts are one of the most dangerous phenomenon that we have ever discovered. Astronomers may observe them also when watching and searching for another form of energy propagated through the time and space gravitational waves caused by binary systems of neutron stars. In the following we would like to explain the fundamentals of multi-messenger astronomy.

The fifth force: An enigma in this Universe

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (09) ◽  
pp. 1950056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koijam Manihar Singh ◽  
Kangujam Priyokumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Experimental Proof ◽  
Fifth Force ◽  
Theory Of Everything ◽  
Discovery Science ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Universe ◽  
High Hope

In an attempt to explain some of the unknown phenomena of nature, including dark energy and dark matter, we explore the possibility of the existence of a fifth fundamental force of nature as also cited by some researchers. With the inclusion of such a force in the system, some of the vague things can be explained and there is high hope of its importance in building up a “theory of everything”. With this intention, we investigate some manifestations of the fifth force which stand from theoretical calculations or from theoretical point of view, though till now there is less experimental proof. However, the theoretical results obtained indicate the existence of a fifth force which will lead to the completion in defining the laws of physics and nature. With this discovery, science may be able to explain the whole complexity of the Universe in near future.

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