The World Code

2008 ◽  
pp. 58-75
Author(s):  
Azamat Abdoullaev
Keyword(s):  
Big Bang ◽  
Theoretical Physics ◽  
Formal Ontology ◽  
Knowledge Domain ◽  
The Real ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The World ◽  
Theory Of Everything ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
The Universe

Formalizing the world in rigorous mathematical terms is no less significant than its fundamental understanding and modeling in terms of ontological constructs. Like black and white, opposite sexes or polarity signs, ontology and mathematics stand complementary to each other, making up the unique and unequaled knowledge domain or knowledge base, which involves two parts: • Ontological (real) mathematics, which defines the real significance for the mathematical entities, so studying the real status of mathematical objects, functions, and relationships in terms of ontological categories and rules. • Mathematical (formal) ontology, which defines the mathematical structures of the real world features, so concerned with a meaningful representation of the universe in terms of mathematical language. The combination of ontology and mathematics and substantial knowledge of sciences is likely the only one true road to reality understanding, modeling and representation. Ontology on its own can’t specify the fabric, design, architecture, and the laws of the universe. Nor theoretical physics with its conceptual tools and models: general relativity, quantum physics, Lagrangians, Hamiltonians, conservation laws, symmetry groups, quantum field theory, string and M theory, twistor theory, loop quantum gravity, the big bang, the standard model, or theory of everything material. Nor mathematics alone with its abstract tools, complex number calculus, differential calculus, differential geometry, analytical continuation, higher algebras, Fourier series and hyperfunctions is the real path to reality (Penrose, 2005).

Cosmology and Moral Philosophy

1998 ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. Dubrovsky
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Real World ◽  
The Other ◽  
Theoretical Physics ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
The Universe

The universe as a whole can be shown to consist of two worlds: the real world and the transcendental world. The real world is a multitude of passing things in a gravitational field: it is the world of nature, every unit of which is born (from the transcendental world), develops, degrades and dies (that is, it returns to the transcendental world). The transcendental world is the world of the integrated, nonpassing, unborn and undying, internally functioning Unity, which is the other side of the real world (so to speak) as roots to a tree and its branches in relation to the surface of the Earth. The fundamental science of the real world is theoretical physics. The transcendental world is also a 'physical' but energyless world. In this paper, I outline characteristics of the real world, and the basic characteristics of the transcendental world which are essential for constructing a theory about the functioning of the cosmological vacuum.

The Origin of Mass

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Iliopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Large Hadron Collider ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Symmetry Principle ◽  
Zero Mass ◽  
Physical Intuition ◽  
The World ◽  
Guided Tour ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe

Why do most ’elementary particles’ which form the constituents of all matter have a non-zero mass? Strange question, apparently in contradiction with our physical intuition. In this little book we attempt to explain that the question is far from being trivial and that the answer can be found in the recent discovery of a new particle in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN near Geneva. We offer the reader a guided tour, starting from the tiny fractions of a second after the Big Bang, when all particles have been created, to the present experiments we perform in our laboratories. We show that the Universe follows a profound symmetry principle which seems to determine the structure of the world.

Anaxagoras and the Theory of Everything

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Curd
Keyword(s):  
Available P ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Philosophical Inquiry ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Understanding ◽  
Theory Of Everything ◽  
New Material ◽  
The Universe

Anaxagoras of Clazomenae proposed a theory of everything. Like other Presocratics, Anaxagoras addressed topics that could now be placed outside the sphere of philosophical inquiry: not only did he explore metaphysics and the nature of human understanding but he also offered explanations in physics, meteorology, astronomy, physiology, and biology. His aim seems to have been to explain as completely as possible the world in which human beings live, and one's knowledge of that world; thus he seeks to investigate the universe from top to bottom. This article explores Anaxagoras's world from its basic foundations. It undertakes to show the connections among the metaphysical, epistemological, and cosmological parts of Anaxagoras's theory. The discovery and publication of new material has also enhanced the understanding of Presocratic thought. A spectacular example is the new material from Empedocles of Acragas that has become available.

Machines

On Purpose ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 42-60
Author(s):  
Michael Ruse
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
Real Change ◽  
The Universe ◽  
The Revolution

This chapter discusses the Scientific Revolution that is dated from the publication of Nicolaus Copernicus's On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres in 1543, the work that put the sun rather than the earth at the center of the universe to Isaac Newton's Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy in 1687, the work that gave the causal underpinnings of the whole system as developed over the previous one hundred and fifty years. Historian Rupert Hall put his finger precisely on the real change that occurred in the revolution. It was not so much the physical theories, although these were massive and important. It was rather a change of metaphors or models—from that of an organism to that of a machine. By the sixteenth century, machines were becoming ever more common and ever more sophisticated. It was natural therefore for people to start thinking of the world—the universe—as a machine, especially since some of the most elaborate of the new machines were astronomical clocks that had the planets and the sun and moon moving through the heavens, not by human force but by predestined contraptions. In a word, by clockwork!

scholarly journals Limitations of Observational Cosmology

1990 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 543-550
Author(s):  
Menas Kafatos
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Theoretical Physics ◽  
Observational Cosmology ◽  
Observable Universe ◽  
Fundamental Properties ◽  
Distant Galaxies ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe

AbstractUnlike the usual situation with theoretical physics which is testable in the laboratory, in cosmological theories of the universe one faces the following problems: The observer is part of the system, the universe, and this system cannot be altered to test physical theory. Even though one can in principle consider any part of the observable universe as separate from the acts of observation, the very hypothesis of big bang implies that in the distant past, space-time regions containing current observers were part of the same system. One, therefore, faces a situation where the observer has to be considered as inherently a part of the entire system. The existence of horizons of knowledge in any cosmological view of the universe is then tantamount to inherent observational limits imposed by acts of observation and theory itself. For example, in the big bang cosmology the universe becomes opaque to radiation early on, and the images of extended distant galaxies merge for redshifts, z, of the order of a few. Moreover, in order to measure the distance of a remote galaxy to test any cosmological theory, one has to disperse its light to form a spectrum which would cause confusion with other background galaxies. Since the early universe should be described in quantum terms, it follows that the same problems regarding quantum reality and the role of the observer apply to the universe as a whole. One of the most fundamental properties of quantum theory, non-locality, may then apply equally well to the universe. Some of the problems facing big bang cosmology, like the horizon and flatness problems, may not then be preconditions on theoretical models but may instead be the manifestations of the quantum nature of the universe.

scholarly journals The Big Bang, modern cosmology and the fate of the Universe: impacts upon culture

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (S260) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Lawrence M. Krauss
Keyword(s):  
Big Bang ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fundamental Science ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Cosmology ◽  
Equal Capacity ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe

AbstractCosmological discoveries over the past century have completely changed our picture of our place in the universe. New observations have a realistic chance of probing nature on heretofore unimaginable scales, and as a result are changing the nature of fundamental science. Perhaps no other domain of science has an equal capacity to completely change our perspective of the world in which we live.

scholarly journals George and the Big Bang by L. and S. Hawking

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trish Chatterley
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Young Reader ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Stephen Hawking ◽  
The World ◽  
Theory Of Everything ◽  
The Big Bang

Hawking, Lucy and Stephen Hawking. George and the Big Bang. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2011. Print. This is the third installment in a trilogy about George’s escapades and galactic adventures, though the book provides enough background that it can stand on its own without the reader needing the context provided in the first two books. George is best friends with his neighbour, Annie, whose father, Eric, is an eminent physicist and professor of mathematics. George and Annie secretly use her father’s supercomputer, named Cosmos, not only to answer their questions but also to open windows and passageways into other parts of the world and outer space. In this story, when Eric and George are observed gallivanting on the surface of the Moon, a special meeting of the Order of Science to Benefit Humanity is called to discuss the consequences of Eric’s actions. The Order is comprised of the world’s leading scientists, and is designed to ensure that science is used for good and not evil. George and Annie must prevent the secret organization, called TOERAG (Theory of Everything Resists Addition of Gravity), from setting off a quantum mechanical bomb at the Large Hadron Collider in Switzerland where the meeting is to take place. The bomb is to be set off just as a very important experiment into the beginnings of the Universe is to be conducted.  The group’s intent is to destroy science by killing the top physicists in the world (including Annie’s dad), thereby permanently disrupting scientific investigation. George and Annie encounter much danger and a few close calls along the way. Black and white cartoon illustrations by Garry Parsons complement the story. Essays about some of the latest scientific theories, such as dark matter and wormholes, factual sections about various astronomical subjects, and colour photographs from space, are interspersed throughout the narrative. They appear when related concepts are presented in the story, though at times they interrupt the flow of the text. The inserts are written in a conversational tone and try to make complex topics comprehensible. However, some subjects will remain beyond the understanding of a young reader. There remains a dichotomy between the fiction and the non-fiction; younger children will appreciate the story, while older kids with an interest in science may learn a great deal about astronomy and physics, but the different elements may not appeal to all ages. Recommended: 3 out of 4 starsReviewer: Trish ChatterleyTrish is a Public Services Librarian for the John W. Scott Health Sciences Library at the University of Alberta. In her free time she enjoys dancing, gardening, and reading books of all types.

scholarly journals ¿Por qué la arquitectura es música congelada? Schelling, Le Corbusier y Xenakis

2016 ◽  
pp. 39-60
Author(s):  
Virginia López-Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Le Corbusier ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Architecture And Music ◽  
The Ideal

Architecture is frozen music is a phrase which has been transformed by use, but it has also been taken away the importance it has for an esthetic ontology and a different conception of the world, and that is why its deepness and meaning are analyzed through Schelling, Le Corbusier and Xenakis in order to show why architecture is frozen music. Here architecture and music have a correlation that cannot be perceived at first, which places architecture itself in a quest for beauty, when in the past it only used to be taken into account in the criteria of the useful. The narrow connection between architecture and music dwells on the level of a priori regarding structure and mathematics, but also shows the relation with the sensitive, the real and the ideal, which means that it involves the fluctuation between the objective and the subjective that can be shown regarding the execution of the work.

Die Kategorien des Sinnlichen. Zu Husserls Kategorienlehre

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittorio De Palma
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
The Other ◽  
Formal Ontology ◽  
The Real ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject

It is the aim of the paper to demonstrate the more Aristotelian than Kantian character of Husserl’s theory of categories. In Brentano’s dissertation, the distinction between the domain of ontology and the domain of logic is traced back to the Aristotelian dichotomy between being according to the forms of the categories and being in the sense of the true. This approach is also traceable in the work of Husserl. Husserl distinguishes between material categories sensuously given to the subject, and formal categories engendered by the subject in its activities of thought and judgment. On this basis, he draws a contrast between formal ontology and material ontologies, formal and material a priori, and formal and material forms of unity. Husserl considers pre-given sensuous material the ground for real categories and their differentiation. The sensuous objects have categorial determinations in the Aristotelian sense, i.e. determinations which belong to them as a consequence of their peculiarity, independently from their being-thought by the subject. On the other hand, formal categories are not material structures of the world, and have no ontological range because they represent merely subjective additions. The material viz. sensuous structure is essential to a thing, while the logical viz. judicative structure is extrinsic. The real is the sensuous and the real categories are categories of the sensuous.

ICTP: From a dream to a reality in 50+ years

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (08) ◽  
pp. 1741003
Author(s):  
F. Quevedo
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Nobel Laureate ◽  
Theoretical Physics ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Abdus Salam ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Training Programmes ◽  
And Training

For more than 50 years, the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics has fostered the growth and sustainability of physics and mathematics in the developing world, benefitting hundreds of thousands of scientists. What began as a dream by its founder, Pakistani Nobel Laureate Abdus Salam, has become a first-rate international research hub connecting scientists from all corners of the globe. As the social and economic situations in many developing countries has shifted, ICTP has responded with the creation of relevant research and training programmes that continue to boost science in disadvantaged parts of the world. Today, ICTP remains a beacon of hope for scientists who aspire to greatness.

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