scholarly journals THE ASSESSMENT OF COMORBID PATHOLOGY IN CLEAN-UP WORKERS OF THE ACCIDENT CONSEQUENCES AT THE CHORNOBYL NPP HAVING CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 402-420
Author(s):  
D. Belyi ◽  
◽  
O. Nastina ◽  
G. Sydorenko ◽  
Z. Gabulavichene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Mean

Objective. Analysis of comorbid pathology based on the use of methods for its quantitative assessment in persons who were exposed to radiation because of the Chornobyl accident. Materials and methods. Comorbid pathology was studied in 608 men, including 420 clean-up workers (CW) of the accident consequences at the Chornobyl NPP (main group) and 188 non-irradiated persons (control group – CG). All patients had cardiovascular diseases as their main pathology and were examined in the cardiology department of the NRCRM hospital during 2011–2019. The groups did not differ by age, either at the beginning of the accident or at the time of their last examination. Patients of both groups before the accident were practically healthy people and were not registered at the dispensary. The Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS) was used to quantify comorbid pathology. Results. Comorbid pathology was detected in 418 CW (99.5 %) and 183 patients of CG (99.3 %). The total score in CW (10.3 ± 2.9) units significantly (р = 0.000) exceeded the same index in non-irradiated patients (8.8 ± 3.0) units, as well as the mean number of CIRS categories, whose level severity was 1 point (3.3 ± 1.7 vs. 2.6 ± 1.5, р = 0.000), 2 points (1.8 ± 1.0 vs. 1.6 ± 1.0, p = 0.032) and 3–4 points (1.2 ± 0.8 vs. 1.0 ± 0.9, р = 0.062). In contrast, the mean value of the categories with zero score, i.e. without diseases, was more common in CG (7.8 ± 1.8 vs. 8.8 ± 1.7, р = 0.000). The most common pathology in CW and CG were heart (98.3 % vs. 94.7 %, р < 0.05) and vascular diseases (92.9 % vs. 87.8 %, р > 0.05), followed by diseases of nervous system (79.0 % vs. 57.4 %, р <0.001), musculoskeletal system and skin (69.8 % vs. 56.9 %, р < 0.01), endocrine (56.0 % vs. 49,5 %, р > 0.05) and the respiratory system (53.8 % vs. 53.7 %, р > 0.05) and liver (51.2 % vs. 36.2 %, р < 0.001), which were detected more than in half patients of the main group. Diseases of the kidneys (3.3 % vs. 4.8 %, р > 0.05) and lower gastrointestinal tract (3.3 % vs. 0.5 %, р < 0.01) were quite rare. The incidence of the other four CIRS categories was 18.6–34 %. The total score in subgroups with different ages varied in descending order of mean values as follows: CW > 65 years (10.5 ± 2.9) units, CW < 65 years (9.9 ± 2.8) units, CG > 65 years (9.5 ± 2.8) units and CG < 65 years (7.8 ± 2.9) units with significant differences both between age subgroups in each of the groups and between CW and CG older subgroups. Conclusions. Quantitative assessment of comorbidity by CIRS showed that in persons irradiated during their emergency work due to the Chornobyl accident, the incidence of combined pathology of such organ systems as cardiovascular, nervous, endocrine, hematopoietic, urogenital, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, liver and kidneys was significantly higher than in non-irradiated patients. In irradiated patients, the course of comorbid pathology was more severe for each system and in general, reflecting higher values of the total CIRS score. Both among CW and non-irradiated controls, higher values of the total comorbidity score were observed in patients 65 years and older, compared with younger individuals. In both age subgroups of CW the total score was higher than in patients of the control group. Key words: clean-up workers of the accident consequences at the Chornobyl NPP, ionizing radiation, comorbid pathology, chronic diseases.

scholarly journals The Effect of Smoking on the Lipid Profile of Inhabitant Smokers of Hasilpur, District Bahawalpur, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
Mushtaq Hussain Lashari ◽  
Sumbel Sumera ◽  
Umer Farooq ◽  
Zia Ur Rehman ◽  
Nuzhat Sial ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Heavy Smoker ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Control Light ◽  
Heavy Smokers

Background: Health problem are culturally associated with smoking in developing countries. Many hazardous chemicals are taken up by direct or passive smoking causing lipid peroxidation resulting in oxidative stress. Objectives: To estimate the occurrence of smoking and its effects on the lipid profile in populations of Hasilpur, Pakistan. Methodology: The current study was conducted from April - August 2014. Out of 247 apparently healthy subjects of both genders (male=220; female=27), 134 were smokers and 113 were non-smokers. In order to analyze lipid profile, blood samples were collected in early morning hours from the selected members who were asked to fast all night. By using Chem-100 chemistry analyzer, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL and VLDL were analyzed. Results: The overall prevalence of smokers was 54.25%. The results showed 60.9% prevalence in males and 0% in females. The mean value of serum triglyceride in control, light smokers and heavy smokers was 147.4±11.7mg/dl, 190.8±41.4 and 205.3±29.7mg/dl, respectively. The results of cholesterol in control, light smokers and heavy smokers were 147.38±7.99mg/dl, 136.8 ±12. 8mg/dl and 173.44±8.63mg/dl, respectively. There was a considerable distinction in the mean level of serum triglyceride and cholesterol between the control group, light smokers and heavy smoker groups (P<00.5). The mean value of HDL of control, light smokers and heavy smokers was 30.93±1.30mg/dl, 31.10±2.45 and 34.58±1.55mg/dl, respectively. The mean values of LDL and VLDL of control, light smokers and heavy smokers were 110.46±3.63mg/dl, 106.00±4.52mg/dl, 117.19±3.48mg/dl and 33.54±3.11mg/dl, 49±9.02mg/dl, 41.06±5.34mg/dl, respectively. There was significant difference in the mean level of HDL, LDL and VLDL between the control group, light smokers and heavy smoker groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study concluded that smoking is the reasons of variation in the lipid profile. Elevated period of smoking and the number of smoked cigarettes/day reason the alteration in serum lipid levels and is probably related with increased danger for coronary artery disease.

The Effect of Gongronema Latifolum (Utazi) on Some Haematological Parameters of Rabbit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Differential White Blood Cell ◽  
Group D ◽  
Gongronema Latifolium

The hematological features of Gongronema latifolium, aqueous leaves extract was evaluated using standard methods. After 10 days of consecutive infusions into 9 experimental animals (rabbits). The rabbits were monitored and the following parameters determined; hemoglobin (HB), PCV, Platelet, WBC, Differential White Blood Cell. The Rabbits were grouped into 4, one consisting of control (group A), group B was fed with 0.5 mg/kg, group C with 1.0 mg/kg, and Group D with 1.5mg/kg of the aqueous extract of Gongronemalatifolium. The mean values obtained for hemoglobin estimation for the control group is 5.9 ± 4.1 g/dl, 9.1 ± 2.9 g/dl for group B 10.2 ± 1.8 g/dl for group C and 12.8 ± 0.1 g/dl for group D with no significant increase on the PCV estimation, the mean value for the control (group A) is 17.7 ± 12.3%, 27.3 ± 8.7% for group B, group C (30.6 ± 5.4%) and D (28.4 ± 0.3) show increase that statistically significant (p > 0.01). the platelet counts of group C (600 ± 0 x 109/L) and D(600 ± 0 x 109/L) show significant increase (p > 0.01) when compared with the control (600 ± 00). But the platelet value of group B (550 ± 50 x 109/L) shows no difference. No significant changes were observed in the White Blood Counts of the test groups B (3.5 ± 0.5 x 109/L), C (1.9 + 2.1 x 109/L) and D(3.6 ± 0.4) when compared with the control group (2.9 ± 1.9). The values obtained from the differential White Blood Counts (Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Eosinophils and Monocytes) were not significant. Therefore, Gongronemalatifolium, when properly taken as a nutritional diet, causes beneficial changes on hemoglobin, packed cell volumes and platelet counts of consumers.

CD59 Deficient Granulocytes in High Risk Groups of Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS).

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 4717-4717
Author(s):  
Georgia Kaiafa ◽  
Vasiliki Tsavdaridou ◽  
Athanasios Papadopoulos ◽  
Christos Savopoulos ◽  
Apostolos Hatzitolios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Refractory Anaemia ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Pnh Clone

Abstract Background: Blood cells are deficient in membrane-bound glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) because of an acquired disorder of the pluripotent stem cell. CD55 and CD59 antigens are the most common GPI-anchored proteins that are used for the diagnosis of the presence of PNH clone. The association of MDS with PNH is rather controversial. There are few published individual cases of PNH arrived from a previous MDS or MDS following PNH. Aim: Recent studies have demonstrated the existence of PNH clone in some MDS patients. These studies were performed mostly on erythrocytes and to the best of our knowledge they are only 4. Granulocytes appear to be more sensitive markers of PNH clone existence than erythrocytes and therefore we investigate the expression of PNH clone on granulocytes of patients with MDS. Material-Methods: A total number of 95 patients 25–80 yrs old with MDS {A:19 with refractory anaemia (RA), B:9 with refractory anaemia with ring sideroblasts (RARS), C:17 with refractory anaemia with excess blasts (RAEB), D: 12 with refractory anaemia with excess blasts in transformation (RAEB-t) and E: 19 with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMLL)} and 19 healthy donors were included in our study. The presence of GPI-anchored proteins (CD55, CD59)-deficient granulocytes was examined by flow cytometry. For the detection of the PNH clone the commercial kit by Beckman Coulter (cellquant CD55/CD59) was used. Statistical analysis was made by ANOVA, while Robust test was performed because there was no homogeneity of variances by ANOVA. Results: Table 1 shows the percentages of CD55 and CD59 deficient granulocytes in the 5 groups of pts with MDS comparing with the control group. a) Although the mean values of CD55 deficient granulocytes in the groups RAEB, RAEB-t and CMLL were higher enough than those of the normal subjects, there were no statistically significant differences (p>0.10) in the comparison of the mean values of CD55 deficient granulocytes between each group of patients with the control group. b) On the contrary there was a very statistically significant difference in the comparison of the mean value of CD59 deficient granulocytes between the three last groups (C, D and E) of pts with the control group (p< 0.086, p< 0.001 and p<0.001 respectively). The percentages of CD55 and CD59 deficient granulocytes in the 5 groups of patients with MDS and in the control group CD55 CD55 CD59 CD59 Groups N Mean Value Std deviation Mean Value Std deviation A (RA) 19 2.89 2.79 2.91 2.85 B (RARS) 9 1.05 1.14 3.89 3.63 C (RAEB) 17 4.78 4.76 11.75 6.06 D (RAEB-t) 12 4.23 2.85 23.76 8.53 E (CMLL) 19 6.01 4.97 38.26 16.18 Control 19 3.67 2.89 3.67 2.89 Total 95 4.00 3.87 14.44 16.39 Conclusions: There are relatively large CD59 negative subpopulations (mean values 11.75–38.26%) of granulocytes in the last three groups (RAEB, RAEB-t, CMLL) of MDS patients. On the contrary the two low risk forms (RA, RARS) revealed no such populations. Non-expression of CD59 antigen on granulocytes is a more sensitive marker than that of CD55 antigen for the presence of a possible PNH clone in MDS patients.

scholarly journals Carbocysteine in the Management of Stable COPD: Are Its Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties Clinically Relevant?

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Minov ◽  
Jovanka Karadzinska-Bislimovska ◽  
Tatjana Petrova ◽  
Kristin Vasilevska ◽  
Saso Stoleski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Initial Visit ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Regular Treatment ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

BACKGROUND: The recent epidemiological and experimental evidence suggest possible antioxidant effect of carbocysteine in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).AIM: To assess efficacy and tolerability of carbocysteine in the management of stable COPD.METHODS: We performed an observational, non-randomized, open study (a real life study) including 87 patients with stable COPD (group B and D by combined COPD assessment) divided in two groups, examined group (EG) and control group (CG). All participants were treated with the regular treatment of the stable disease, but in the participants of the EG carbocysteine 1,500 mg daily was added to their regular treatment during the period of two months. The study protocol included completion of the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and spirometric measurements at initial visit and at the end of the mentioned period.RESULTS: We found significantly lower mean value of the overall CAT score in the EG at the end of the study as compared to its mean value registered at initial visit (26.9 vs. 24.3; P = 0.007). In regard to certain CAT items, we found significantly lower values of the mean scores related to cough phlegm and sleep disturbances as compared to their mean scores at initial visit. In addition, the mean values of the overall CAT scores at initial visit and at the end of the study in controls were similar. In EG we found significantly higher mean value of the MEF 25-75 at the end of the study as compared to its mean value registered at initial visit (59.3% vs. 67.2%; P = 0.003). There was no significant difference in the mean values of other spirometric parameters at the end of the study as compared to their mean values at initial visit. In controls we registered similar values of all measured spirometric parameters at the end of the study as compared to their values registered at initial visit. Mild gastrointestinal manifestations were registered in 13.3% of the participants of the EG during the examined period.CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate positive effects of carbocysteine regarding the symptoms and lung function, as well as its good tolerability in the patients with stable COPD.

Hyperhomocysteinemia in pre-eclampsia: is routine screening rational?

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1271
Author(s):  
Sonia Miglani ◽  
Ruchira Nautiyal ◽  
Archana Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Placental Abruption ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Routine Test ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Serum Homocysteine ◽  
The Mean

Background: Hypertensive disorders complicate upto 5 to 10% of all pregnancies. Though the exact cause of pre-eclampsia is still undecided, maternal hyperhomocysteinemia has been implicated as a risk factor for pre eclampsia, placental abruption and other vascular diseases. The objectives of present study were to estimate the levels of serum homocysteine in antenatal patients and to study the above parameters in patients of pre-eclampsia.Methods: A prospective observational study was performed with 30 pre eclamptic patients and an equal number taken as control having comparable demographic characteristics. Level of homocysteine was measured by an enzymatic method, using Diazyme homocysteine 2 reagent enzymatic assay kit on Beckman coulter analyzer in all the patients. Obstetrics and neonatal outcomes were observed in all the patients. The statistical analysis was done using unpaired T test for determining level of significance.Results: Mean Serum homocysteine in the study group was 13.99±5.46 µmol/l and was 6.03±2.58 µmol/l in control group. This was statistically significant (p value 0.002). However the mean values of serum homocysteine did not correlate with severity of pre-eclampsia 14.32±6.72 µmol/l in mild pre-eclampsia and 13.60±3.77μmol/l in severe pre-eclampsia respectively (p value - 0.727).Conclusions: It appears that maternal serum homocysteine has a causal role in pathogenesis of pre eclampsia, however to recommend it as a routine test, larger studies are required.

scholarly journals Clinical study of intra-abdominal pressure in the acute surgical abdomen

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2512
Author(s):  
Kumari Neelam ◽  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Vineet Singh ◽  
Surjeet Kumar Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Early Recognition ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Intraabdominal Pressure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Abdominal Pressure ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Mean ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) is the steady-state pressure concealed within the abdominal cavity. Early recognition of rising abdominal pressure is critically important, because it allows prompt intervention which will prevent Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) from developing, leading to a much better prognosis for the patient. This prospective case-control study was aimed at characterisation of this entity in the commonly encountered acute surgical abdomen i.e. perforation peritonitis, intestinal obstruction and the blunt abdominal trauma. The stress was laid upon the detection of the intra-abdominal pressure in the patients and the effect of this entity upon the routinely available clinical and laboratory parameters of organ functions. The organ systems studied were the renal, cardiovascular and the pulmonary systems. The clinical outcome was also analysed.Methods: This is a prospective study conducted in Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand over a period of one and half year (January 2014 to June 2015). A total of 120 patients were studied, including 30 as controls. The intra-vesicular pressure was measured in all the subjects, which indirectly gives intraabdominal pressure.Results: Initial intra-abdominal pressure ranged from 0-31 cm of saline with the mean of 13.77±8.46. The mean values of the intra-abdominal pressure in the study groups i.e acute surgical cases were found to be significantly higher, as compared to that of the control group (p<0.01). Highest mortality was observed in the IAP range of >25 cm of saline (33.33%, 4 out of 12).Conclusions: Raised intraabdominal pressure significantly affects outcome and increases mortality.

scholarly journals Low Total Testosterone-Component of Metabolic Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-148
Author(s):  
Prashant Goel ◽  
Amorin R. Popa
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Rising Incidence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Background and aims: To assess the levels of total testosterone in the metabolic syndrome patients. Material and Methods: We included ninety-six patients in our study, forty-nine with metabolic syndrome according to the definition of International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and forty-seven as control. Anthropometric measurements were registered and blood samples were taken after an overnight fast. Results: The mean values of different parameters showed significant differences between both groups. The total testosterone mean value was (338,97±91,2 ng/ml) substantially lower as compared to patients with metabolic syndrome to control group. Conclusion: There is an inverse relationship between total testosterone and metabolic syndrome. Low total testosterone can be a predictor of rising incidence of metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Genetic and Environmental Dispositions for Cardiovascular Variability: A Pilot Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radmila Karan ◽  
Suzana Cvjeticanin ◽  
Natasa Kovacevic-Kostic ◽  
Dejan Nikolic ◽  
Milos Velinovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Sample ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Abo Blood Type ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Artery Disease

Background: The aim of our study was to evaluate the degree of genetic homozygosity in the group of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), as well as to evaluate morphogenetic variability in CAD patients regarding the presence of investigated risk factors (RF) compared to a control sample of individuals. Additionally, we aimed to evaluate the distribution of ABO blood type frequencies between tested samples of individuals. Methods: This study analyzed individual phenotype and morphogenetic variability of 17 homozygously-recessive characteristics (HRC), by using HRC test in a sample of 148 individuals in CAD patients group and 156 individuals in the control group. The following RF were analyzed: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and smoking. Results: The mean value of HRC in CAD patients is significantly higher, while variability decreases compared to the control sample (CAD patients: 4.24 ± 1.59, control sample: 3.75 ± 1.69; VCAD-patients = 37.50%, VC = 45.07%). There is a significant difference in individual variations of 17 HRC between control sample and CAD patients (χ2 = 169.144; p < 0.01), which points out to different variability for tested genes. Mean values of HRC significantly differed in CAD patients in regard to the number of RF present. A blood type (OR = 1.75) is significant predictor for CAD, while O blood type (OR = 0.43) was significantly associated with controls. Conclusion: There is a higher degree of recessive homozygosity in CAD patients versus individuals in the control sample, and the presence of significant variations in the degree of recessive homozygosity as the number of tested RF increases.

scholarly journals The effect of bright light on fatigue and sleepiness of shift work nurses

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maghsoudipour M ◽  
Hosseinzadeh S ◽  
Parkhoo M ◽  
Ansari M ◽  
Karbasi A
Keyword(s):  
Shift Work ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Bright Light ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All

Introduction: In this study, we assessed the effect of bright light emitted by light box on fatigue, and sleepiness of nurses. Methods: Forty four healthy female shift work nurses were allocated into two groups of intervention and control. In the first stage, bright light was emitted to the nurses in the intervention group by the light box, and bright light was not emitted to the control group. In the next stage (one month later), we emitted bright light to the control group in the first stage (cross- over design). Main outcome measures assessed were fatigue and sleepiness. We used Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of fatigue, and, Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS). Fatigue and sleepiness were assessed every hour, during next 24 hours. Results: During 24 hours of the assessment of fatigue (VAS), the trend of changes in two groups were in opposite direction and almost all the time of 24 hours, the mean value of two groups were significantly different.  In addition, the effect of intervention on the mean values of KSS during 24 hours was significant and the mean values in two groups were significantly different and the trend of changes in two groups were in opposite direction. Conclusion: The bright light exposure in nurses resulted in changing the trend of fatigue and sleepiness in opposite directions compared to the controls. The minimum of fatigue occurred at 4 am which was time of maximum fatigue in the controls. Also, minimum sleepiness in the cases who were exposed to the bright light was at 4 am.  

Protective Effect of Moringa Oleifera Leaves Against TramadolInduced Nephrotoxicity in Mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Albrakati
Keyword(s):  
Oral Dose ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Kidney Function Tests ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Intraperitoneal Dose ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Leaves ◽  
The Mean

Tramadol, a broadly in recent years, is an effective analgesic agent for the treatment of moderate to acute pain. Its metabolites are excreted by the kidney which may cause nephrotoxicity. Moringa oleifera leaves are commonly used to provide herbal and plant-derived medicinal products especially in developing nations. The present study was carried out to determine the biochemical and histopathological changes in the kidney of tramadol-treated albino mice and to evaluate the possible protective role of Moringa oleifera leaves against tramadol-induced nephrotoxicity. Twenty adult albino mice were divided into four groups. Control group (group i) received daily intraperitoneal injection of normal saline only, group ii received oral dose of Moringa oleifera leaves extract (20 mg/kg/bw) for three weeks, group iii received daily intraperitoneal dose of tramadol (0.3 mg/kg/bw) for the same period, group iv, received daily oral dose of Moringa oleifera leaves extract, (20 mg/kg/bw) three hours before injecting intraperitoneal dose of tramadol (0.3 mg/kg/bw), for the same period. Blood samples were withdrawn at the end of the experiment for kidney function tests and specimens from the kidney were processed for histological study. No significant differences in the mean values of the kidney function tests were noticed between Moringa oleifera group and control group. However, there was highly significant increase in the mean values of serum, urea and creatinine in tramadol-treated group as compared to the control group. Although tramadol + Moringa oleifera group revealed significant difference in the mean values of urea and creatinine when compared with tramadol-treated group. So, Moringa oleifera leaves extract have been shown to attenuate the renal dysfunction, improve the renal architecture, with nearly normalization of serum urea and creatinine levels which indicate improvement of renal function. In conclusion, in the light of biochemical results and histological findings, co-administration of Moringa oleifera leaves lessened the negative effects of tramadol-induced nephrotoxicity; possibly by its antioxidant action. Further investigation of these promising protective effects of Moringa oleifera leaves against tramadol-induced renal injury may have considerable impact on developing an adjunct therapy aiming to improve the therapeutic index of some nephrotoxic drugs.

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