scholarly journals Injury in CrossFit beginner / intermediary participants: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Arthur Marques Zecchin-Oliveira ◽  
Arthur P Silva ◽  
Marcel MF Pisa ◽  
Thiago CP Gonçalves ◽  
Victor L Bassetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Sports Injury ◽  
Training Effect ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Life Habits ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Physical Preparation

Objective: Sports injury can occur due to several factors, which makes it extremely difficult to conduct cause and effect studies by controlling and evaluating a specific variable. Common reason for the appearance of injuries is poor physical preparation for the proposed training load, a factor that is more present in high intensity sports. CrossFit has been gaining a great deal of attention in recent years due to its dynamic mix of varied sports. Beginner and intermediary level participants are very common in CrossFit gyms, so the understanding the training effect for this group is very important for healthy practice (aiming for safety and injury rate). Methods: Only original articles were included, between 2000 and 2019 (November), with the search for the word "CrossFit" in nine databases. It was accepted only studies in Portuguese, English or Spanish. Results: After screening, only three studies met the inclusion criteria following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses assessment. The most common injury segments in beginner and intermediate practitioners were the shoulder and the knee. There are functional and morphological mechanisms that makes injury become more common, such as life habits and anatomic / physiological body disposition. Conclusion: CrossFit beginners and intermediaries participants demonstrated moderate injury level. Studies with more subjects showed a lower injury level. The most injured segments found were knee and shoulder. According to our results the risk of injury in CrossFit beginner and intermediary participants is acceptable, and discussed in recent published reviews.

The Concept of Sport Sampling Versus Sport Specialization: Preventing Youth Athlete Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 2850-2857
Author(s):  
Seth L. Carder ◽  
Nicolas E. Giusti ◽  
Lisa M. Vopat ◽  
Armin Tarakemeh ◽  
Jordan Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Sports Injury ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Youth Athlete ◽  
Athlete Injury

Background: The prevalence of youth athletes specializing in 1 sport has been increasing over the past decade. Subsequently, the rate of youth athlete injury has also been increasing. It is possible that an association exists between youth specialization and sports injury rate. Purpose: To determine if sport sampling is associated with a lower sports injury rate in youths compared with youths who specialize in 1 sport. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines using PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library. Inclusion criteria included studies written in the English language, studies with athletes between 7 and 18 years of age, studies that report injury rates, and studies that specify if athletes were sport samplers or specialized in a sport. Data relevant to this study, including injuries and patient characteristics, were extracted and statistically analyzed. Results: The initial search identified 324 studies, 6 of which met inclusion criteria. From these 6 studies, the total participant number was 5736. Of those, 2451 (42.7%) were “sport samplers,” 1628 (28.4%) were “sport specializers,” and 1657 (28.9%) were considered “others” (ie, could not be classified as true samplers or true specializers). The average age of all the athletes was 14.6 years (range, 7-18 years). Sport specializers had a significantly higher injury risk than the sport samplers (RR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.19-1.57; P < .0001). There was a higher risk of injury in the “others” group when compared with the “sport sampler” group (RR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.14-1.29; P < .0001). There was a higher risk of injury in the “sport specializer” group over the “others” group (RR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.04-1.14; P < .005). Conclusion: Sport sampling is associated with a decreased risk of sports injury in youth athletes when compared with those who specialize in 1 sport. Injury rates increase as a youth athlete becomes increasingly specialized. Youth athletes would benefit substantially from participating in sport sampling.

Adverse Effects of Natural Products: A Brief Pre-Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Pires ◽  
Ana Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adverse Event ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background: Natural products are commonly used for treating health problems. These products may be associated with adverse events, which are defined as "noxious and unintended response to a medicinal product" by the European Medicine Agency. Objectives: To identify studies describing at least one adverse event (or with potential to promote an adverse event) related to the use of natural products, as well as to describe the involved product(s) and adverse event(s). Methods: A pre-systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria. Keywords: "natural product(s)" and ["adverse drug reaction(s)" or "adverse effect(s)"]. Screened databases: PubMed, SciELO, DOAJ and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria: papers describing at least one adverse event associated with the use of natural products and published between 2017 and 2019. Exclusion criteria: Repeated studies, reviews and papers written in other languages than English, Portuguese, French or Spanish. Results: 104 studies were identified (20 PubMed; 0 SciELO; 2 DOAJ; 82 Google Scholar), but only 10 were selected (4 PubMed and 6 Google Scholar): 1 in-vitro study; 2 non-clinical studies, 1 study reporting in-vitro and clinical data and 5 studies were cases reports. Globally, 997 reports of adverse drug reactions with natural products were identified, mainly non-severe cases. Conclusion: Since a limited number of studies was found, we conclude that adverse events due to natural products may be underreported, or natural products may have a good safety profile. This review contributes for assuring the safety of natural products consumers, by evaluating the knowledge/information on the potential adverse events and interactions of these products.

scholarly journals Emotion Recognition in Adults With a History of Childhood Maltreatment: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802110294
Author(s):  
Annie Bérubé ◽  
Jessica Turgeon ◽  
Caroline Blais ◽  
Daniel Fiset
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
History Of ◽  
Effects On Children ◽  
Meta Analyses

Child maltreatment has many well-documented lasting effects on children. Among its consequences, it affects children’s recognition of emotions. More and more studies are recognizing the lasting effect that a history of maltreatment can have on emotion recognition. A systematic literature review was conducted to better understand this relationship. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol was used and four databases were searched, MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and FRANCIS, using three cross-referenced key words: child abuse, emotion recognition, and adults. The search process identified 23 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The review highlights the wide variety of measures used to assess child maltreatment as well as the different protocols used to measure emotion recognition. The results indicate that adults with a history of childhood maltreatment show a differentiated reaction to happiness, anger, and fear. Happiness is less detected, whereas negative emotions are recognized more rapidly and at a lower intensity compared to adults not exposed to such traumatic events. Emotion recognition is also related to greater brain activation for the maltreated group. However, the results are less consistent for adults who also have a diagnosis of mental health problems. The systematic review found that maltreatment affects the perception of emotions expressed on both adult and child faces. However, more research is needed to better understand how a history of maltreatment is related to adults’ perception of children’s emotions.

scholarly journals Effectivity of Psychotherapy Interventions for Anxiety in Medical Students: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (F) ◽  
pp. 453-463
Author(s):  
Andrian Fajar Kusumadewi ◽  
Carla Raymondalexas Marchira ◽  
Widyandana Widyandana ◽  
Ronny Tri Wirasto
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Suicidal Ideas ◽  
Psychotherapy Interventions

BACKGROUND: The mental health of medical students has long been a topic of concern in many countries. Much research in Europe reported that around 30% of medical students suffered from anxiety. Anxiety disorders have significant physical and emotional consequences. Various studies show that excessive, unmanaged stress related to poor academic performance in medical students leads to cynical personalities, lack of empathy, and suicidal ideas. AIM: This study aimed to identify studies for psychotherapy interventions carried out in medical students and analyze each impact on anxiety level in medical students. METHODS: This systematic review was conducted with evidence sourced from 2000 to 2020. The review process followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The study was registered with the Prospective Registering of Systematic Reviews database (Protocol ID: CRD42020180650). RESULTS: Twenty-three studies meet the inclusion criteria, and there are various psychotherapy interventions to deal with anxiety. Most studies reported that students who received mindfulness-based interventions reported lower anxiety, depression, and stress. CONCLUSION: There are various interventions carried out to decrease stress levels, depression, and anxiety in medical students. The most effective psychotherapy was found in cognitive and behavior intervention and mindfulness intervention.

Use of Augmented Reality in Reconstructive Microsurgery: A Systematic Review and Development of the Augmented Reality Microsurgery Score

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (04) ◽  
pp. 261-270
Author(s):  
Yasser Al Omran ◽  
Ali Abdall-Razak ◽  
Catrin Sohrabi ◽  
Tiffanie-Marie Borg ◽  
Hayat Nadama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Real World ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Reconstructive Microsurgery ◽  
User Access ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Background Augmented reality (AR) uses a set of technologies that overlays digital information into the real world, giving the user access to both digital and real-world environments in congruity. AR may be specifically fruitful in reconstructive microsurgery due to the dynamic nature of surgeries performed and the small structures encountered in these operations. The aim of this study was to conduct a high-quality preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) and assessment of multiple systematic reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2) compliant systematic review evaluating the use of AR in reconstructive microsurgery. Methods A systematic literature search of Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases was performed using appropriate search terms to identify all applications of AR in reconstructive microsurgery from inception to December 2018. Articles that did not meet the objectives of the study were excluded. A qualitative synthesis was performed of those articles that met the inclusion criteria. Results A total of 686 articles were identified from title and abstract review. Five studies met the inclusion criteria. Three of the studies used head-mounted displays, one study used a display monitor, and one study demonstrated AR using spatial navigation technology. The augmented reality microsurgery score was developed and applied to each of the AR technologies and scores ranged from 8 to 12. Conclusion Although higher quality studies reviewing the use of AR in reconstructive microsurgery is needed, the feasibility of AR in reconstructive microsurgery has been demonstrated across different subspecialties of plastic surgery. AR applications, that are reproducible, user-friendly, and have clear benefit to the surgeon and patient, have the greatest potential utility. Further research is required to validate its use and overcome the barriers to its implementation.

scholarly journals Impact of Non-Confinement Accommodation on Farrowing Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Farrowing Crates Versus Pens

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dannielle Glencorse ◽  
Kate Plush ◽  
Susan Hazel ◽  
Darryl D’Souza ◽  
Michelle Hebart
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Piglet Mortality ◽  
Partial Confinement ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Piglet Survival

There are conflicting reports regarding the effect of farrowing house accommodation on piglet performance. The aim of this investigation was to use a systematic review and meta-analyses to summarise the results of publications that focused on direct comparisons between full confinement conventional crates and various designs of loose-housed farrowing pens from loading until weaning. Literature searches in Scopus, BIOSIS Previews, Cab Abstracts, and Web of Science identified 6695 articles. Twenty-two publications were retained for the systematic review and individual meta-analyses after screening for inclusion criteria. The random effects meta-analyses were performed on crate versus pen for number of piglets born alive, number of stillborn piglets, pre-weaning mortality, and number of piglets weaned. Additionally, the modifiers of confinement length (no confinement from loading until weaning or partial confinement for shorter periods of time in the early stages post parturition), enrichment (no enrichment or enrichment provided), and pen size (small, medium, or large) were examined. There was a 14% increase in the relative risk of piglet mortality in farrowing pens when they were compared with crates (p = 0.0015). The number of stillborns per litter was not different between the pen and crate. However, when providing enrichment in the pens, there was an increase in stillborns within farrowing crates versus pens (p = 0.009). There was no overall effect on piglets that were born alive or number weaned. As there is no difference between piglets born alive and mortality is significantly higher in farrowing pens, a reduction in the number of piglets weaned was expected but not observed, which was possibly due to the lack of weaning details provided in the publications. This was the first systematic review and meta-analysis conducted on the performance of farrowing accommodation and identified that farrowing pens do compromise post-natal piglet survival. Future efforts should focus on improving sow comfort in the farrowing crate to maximize both piglet and sow welfare.

scholarly journals Risk of Injury in Basketball, Football, and Soccer Players, Ages 15 Years and Older, 2003–2007

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 484-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Carter ◽  
Beverly J. Westerman ◽  
Katherine L. Hunting
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Sports Injury ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The U.S

Context: A major challenge in the field of sports injury epidemiology is identifying the appropriate denominators for injury rates. Objective: To characterize risk of injury from participation in basketball, football, and soccer in the United States, using hours of participation as the measure of exposure, and to compare these rates with those derived using population estimates in the denominator. Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting: United States, 2003–2007. Participants: People ages 15 years and older who experienced an emergency department–treated injury while playing basketball, football, or soccer. Main Outcome Measure(s): Rates of emergency department–treated injuries resulting from participation in basketball, football, or soccer. Injury rates were calculated for people ages 15 and older for the years 2003–2007 using the U.S. population and hours of participation as the denominators. The risk of injury associated with each of these sports was compared for all participants and by sex. Results: From 2003 through 2007, annual injury rates per 1000 U.S. population were as follows: 1.49 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.30, 1.67) in basketball, 0.93 (95% CI = 0.82, 1.04) in football, and 0.43 (95% CI = 0.33, 0.53) in soccer. When the denominator was hours of participation, the injury rate in football (5.08 [95% CI = 4.46, 5.69]/10 000 hours) was almost twice as high as that for basketball (2.69 [95% CI = 2.35, 3.02]/10 000 hours) and soccer (2.69 [95% CI = 2.07, 3.30]/10 000 hours). Conclusions: Depending on the choice of denominator, interpretation of the risk of an emergency department–treated injury in basketball, football, or soccer varies greatly. Using the U.S. population as the denominator produced rates that were highest in basketball and lowest in soccer. However, using hours of participation as a more accurate measure of exposure demonstrated that football had a higher rate of injury than basketball or soccer for both males and females.

scholarly journals Adjuvant chemotherapy for early female breast cancer: A systematic review of the evidence for the 2014 Cancer Care Ontario systemic therapy guideline

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gandhi ◽  
G.G. Fletcher ◽  
A. Eisen ◽  
M. Mates ◽  
O.C. Freedman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Endocrine Therapy ◽  
Early Breast Cancer ◽  
Systemic Therapy ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
Cytotoxic Chemotherapy ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Meta Analyses

BackgroundThe Program in Evidence-Based Care (PEBC) of Cancer Care Ontario (CCO) has recently created an evidence-based consensus guideline on the systemic treatment of early breast cancer.  The evidence for this guideline was compiled using a systematic review to answer the question:  “What is the optimal systemic therapy for patients with early-stage, operable breast cancer, when patient and disease factors are considered?”  This question was addressed in three parts: cytotoxic chemotherapy, endocrine treatment, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) directed therapy.MethodsA systematic review was performed using the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for the period January 2008 to May 2014.  The SAGE Directory of Cancer Guidelines and websites of major oncology guideline organizations were also searched.  The basic search terms were “breast cancer” and “systemic therapy” (chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, targeted agents, ovarian suppression), and was limited to randomized controlled trials (RCTs), guidelines, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. ResultsSeveral hundred documents were retrieved that met the inclusion criteria; the Early Breast Cancer Trialists Collaborative Group (EBCTCG) meta-analyses encompassed many of the RCTs found. Several additional studies which met the inclusion criteria were included, as well as other guidelines and systematic reviews.  Chemotherapy was largely reviewed as three classes of agents: anti-metabolite based regimens (e.g., CMF), anthracyclines, and taxane-based regimens. Single-agent chemotherapy in general is not recommended for the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer in any patient population.  Anthracycline and taxane-based polychemotherapy regimens are overall considered superior to earlier generation regimens, with the most significant impact on patient survival outcomes. Various regimens with disparate anthracycline and taxane doses and schedules are options; in general, paclitaxel given every 3 weeks is inferior. Evidence does not support the use of bevacizumab in the adjuvant setting; other systemic therapy agents such as metformin and vaccines remain under investigation. Adjuvant bisphosphonates for menopausal women will be discussed in later work.  ConclusionThe results of this systematic review represent a comprehensive compilation of high-level evidence which was the basis for the 2014 PEBC CCO guideline on systemic therapy for early breast cancer. The use of cytotoxic chemotherapy is presented here; the results addressing endocrine therapy and HER-2 targeted treatment, as well as the final clinical practice recommendations, are published separately in this issue.

scholarly journals Does Oral Chlorhexidine Mouth Care Prior to Intubation Impact Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia? A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Rothhaar
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Proper Time ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Mouth Care ◽  
Application Procedure ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background: Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) is a broad-spectrum antiseptic agent that has become widely used for mouth care in intubated patients. Many studies have found it to be effective in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) when used after intubation; however, there is very limited research exploring the proper time to initiate CHG. Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review was to determine if the use of oral care with CHG prior to intubation impacts the incidence of VAP. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was used to guide the selection process of articles and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) was used to critically appraise the randomized control trials (RCTs) selected for this systematic review. Four randomized RCTs met inclusion criteria. Results: Three of the four RCTs which met inclusion criteria, Houston et al. (2002), DeRiso et al. (1996), and Lin et al. (2015), showed an improvement in VAP rates with the use of preintubation CHG in cardiac surgery patients. Only one RCT, the Munro et al. (2015) study, showed no benefit; this was the only study that included non-cardiac surgery patients. Conclusion: Based on the results of this systematic review, it can only be recommended that cardiac surgery patients receive CHG prior to or after intubation; however, more research needs to be done to determine the most effective dosing, frequency, and CHG application procedure. In addition, further study exploring the safety of administering CHG prior to intubation in noncardiac surgery patients is needed.

scholarly journals The Research of Standardized Protocols for Dog Involvement in Animal-Assisted Therapy: A Systematic Review

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2576
Author(s):  
Antonio Santaniello ◽  
Susanne Garzillo ◽  
Serena Cristiano ◽  
Alessandro Fioretti ◽  
Lucia Francesca Menna
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Animal Assisted Therapy ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
And Training

Dogs are considered the most important species involved in animal-assisted therapy (AAT), and the scientific literature focuses on the benefits linked to the involvement of dogs in various therapeutic areas. In this study, we carried out a systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, exploring the scientific literature from the last 5 years (2016–2021) on three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) to highlight the characteristics of the dogs involved in AATs. Based on the scientific literature relevant to such dogs, we considered different parameters (i.e., number, age, sex, breed, temperament, methods of choice and training, health status, research goals, and activities with dogs) to include studies in our paper. After screening 4331 papers identified on the searched databases, we selected 38 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Analysis of the included articles showed that the characteristics of the dogs were neglected. Our findings indicated a lack of information about the dogs, as well as the absence of standardized and univocal criteria for dog selection, training programs, and health protocols.

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