scholarly journals The dilemma of charter sales in Chinese cruise market: Formation mechanisms and countermeasures

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. Manuscript
Author(s):  
Hua Li ◽  
Pengfei Zhang ◽  
Helong Tong
Keyword(s):  
Price Competition ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Chinese Market ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
Market Formation ◽  
Countermeasures And Suggestions ◽  
Sales Model

The rapid development of its cruise market has made China the shining star all over the world. The average annual growth rate of over 30 % in the Chinese market is achieved by the charter-based sales system. However, in recent years, there has been a repeated occurrence of market crises, which gives rise to low-price competition. The charter sales model has thus been cast into serious doubt. In this study, through the combined methods of literature review and interviews, we carried out an in-depth investigation with a view to revealing the formation mechanism and the characteristics of the sales model, as well as its impact on the market. The study found that the supply-demand imbalance, policy constraints, the lack of related regulatory systems, the imperfect sales system, the sensitive market and weak risk tolerance together with other factors all combined to lead to the frequent occurrence of the market crises. With respect to the cruise sales in China, the research puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions from the perspectives of cruise companies, travel agencies, administrators and policy-makers.

Research on Titanium Alloys with High Toughness and High Damage Tolerance

2009 ◽  
Vol 618-619 ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
Yong Qing Zhao ◽  
Heng Lei Qu ◽  
Jun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Damage Tolerance ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Crack Propagation Rate ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Fracture Toughness ◽  
Ti Alloy ◽  
Chinese Market ◽  
High Fracture ◽  
High Toughness ◽  
Ti Alloys

The recent shift in the design focus for aeroplanes from strength to damage tolerance has led to a subsequent shift in the focus of Ti alloy research. China first started to research Ti alloys with damage tolerance from the year 2000. The first product stemming from this research is a Ti alloy with high strength, high toughness and damage tolerance (TC21). TC21 exhibits high strength (UTS  1100MPa), high fracture toughness (K1c  70MPa.m1/2) and a low crack propagation rate (da/dN being similar to Ti-6-4 with  annealing). Another Ti alloy, named TC4-DT, has also been produced. It has moderate strength, along with high toughness and damage tolerance (UTS  900MPa, K1c  70MPa.m1/2, da/dN being similar to Ti-6-4 with  annealing). Both TC21 and TC4-DT are now undergoing rapid development, with the former alloy also being applied to a full scale aeronautical application. Both TC21 and TC4-DT have promising futures in the industry. They will be the main Ti alloys with damage tolerance utilised in the Chinese market.

Intra-Asian Competition and Collaboration against the West: The N.Y.K. Bombay Line, Tata & Sons, and Indian Cotton at the End of the Nineteenth Century

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-293
Author(s):  
Shigeru Akita
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Chinese Market ◽  
The West ◽  
Cotton Industry ◽  
Export Industry ◽  
British Raj ◽  
Economic Exploitation

Abstract The traditional and orthodox interpretation of the British Raj (colonial rule in India) characterizes it in terms of the economic exploitation of India. However, recent historical studies have focused on the revival or development of the Indian cotton industry at the turn of the twentieth century. This article pays special attention to the rapid development of the Indian cotton-spinning industry as an export industry for the Chinese market and its implications for intra-Asian competition.

scholarly journals A Study on Trust Construction in University Research Team

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Liu Guoxin ◽  
Yan Junzhou
Keyword(s):  
Research Team ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Repeated Game ◽  
University Research ◽  
Trust Game ◽  
Game Model ◽  
Trust Mechanism ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Countermeasures And Suggestions ◽  
The University

University research team, as a special form of organizations in university, is a characteristic feature of contemporaneity science.it has a rapid development in recent years. But the trust is playing a very important role in research team’s development. The paper analyzes the trust construction of research team by establish one-shot and repeated trust game models, and based on this, establishes the trust game model with university intervention. The conclusion shows that the trust mechanism will not be constructed by one-shot game. While it can be constructed by repeated game, but its trust mechanism is not stable. With the university intervation, the team members will change their behavior and increase the trust probability, and it will be easily construct trust in university research team. According to the above analysis, the paper presents some countermeasures and suggestions to promote trust construction in university research team.

Research on Preventive Management of Freeway Traffic Accident

2013 ◽  
Vol 779-780 ◽  
pp. 763-768
Author(s):  
Bing Li ◽  
Jia Xin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Accident Prevention ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Freeway Traffic ◽  
Traffic Police ◽  
Preventive Work ◽  
Countermeasures And Suggestions

With the rapid development of the freeway, preventive work of freeway traffic faces larger and larger test. This paper adopts 1561 cases of traffic accidents in the Jiliao-freeway in past 5 years to find out the factors that affect safety. The study found out some factors which cause freeway traffic accidents, they are time, weather, the number of patrol vehicles and monitoring, age and attribution of the accident driver. The paper studies the management problems and puts forward on the countermeasures and suggestions, especially the problem of freeway traffic police burnout. This problem which involves in freeway traffic accident prevention will reach a new level and lay the foundation for the future research work.

Discussions about the Situation and Prospects of New Building Materials Industry

2010 ◽  
Vol 168-170 ◽  
pp. 1400-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Gao ◽  
Ya Jun Zhao ◽  
Xiao Bin Han ◽  
Jian Min Bian
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Research Production ◽  
Foreign Products ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Countermeasures And Suggestions ◽  
Economic Construction ◽  
New Industry ◽  
The City

After the reform in China, our new building materials industry has developed rapidly. After 30 years of development, China's new building materials industry occurred and is developing from small to large. It has formed a new industry, become an important product of industrial materials and promoted China's economic growth. On the contrary, the rapid development of economic construction and the rising living standards provide the development of new building materials with a broad market and good opportunities. Driven by market demand, new building materials in China has formed a circulation network; Most of the foreign products can be produced in China, for example, China's production of different varieties of the color and different grades of decorative materials to improve the living conditions of urban and rural residents and make great contribution of changing the appearance of the city. China has formed a professional team for new building materials’ research, production and circulation. In this paper, we analyzed the current situation of the development of new building materials and put forward some countermeasures and suggestions to promote the development of new building materials.

The Industrial Structure Transformation Seeks the Land Utilization Maximization Based on Qingdao City

2012 ◽  
Vol 209-211 ◽  
pp. 632-636
Author(s):  
Jun Shan Cui ◽  
Wang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Structure Transformation ◽  
Land Utilization ◽  
Development Characteristic ◽  
Qingdao City ◽  
Countermeasures And Suggestions

Our country has a large population and limited land and is being in a rapid development stage of industrialization and urbanization of the unique national circumstances.there is an urgent requirement to carry out research which maximize the utilization of urban land and optimize the industrial structure. The industrial structure development characteristic, the insufficiency and the land utilization problem exists in Qingdao have been researched, from relative land productivity, Floor area ratio, rate of area per GDP and so on various aspects have analyzed the relationship between industrial structure transformation and optimal allocation of land，finally put forward some countermeasures and suggestions in the process of implement about the industrial structure optimization and the land utilization maximization .

scholarly journals The Rise and Development of Chinese Fast Fashion Catering

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Wei-Jing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Current Development ◽  
Chinese Market ◽  
Fast Fashion ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Consumption Level ◽  
Consumption Experience ◽  
Catering Industry

With the rapid development of national economy and the improvement of consumption level, the catering industry, which plays an important role in people’s life, has shown a trend of upgrading in recent years. Several fast fashion catering brands have sprung up in the Chinese market. Chinese fast fashion catering brings more choices to consumers, at the same time, it is also constantly enriching people’s consumption experience. This paper will deliberate and discuss the factors affecting fast fashion catering and the current development situation of fast fashion catering in China.

scholarly journals Analyze China High-Speed Railway Ticket for Spring Transportation from the Perspective of Microeconomics

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Tianrui Kou
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Demand Elasticity ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Special Period ◽  
Railway Transportation ◽  
High Speed Railway ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Countermeasures And Suggestions

In recent ten years, the rapid development of China high-speed railway is called "China miracle", and it not only provides great convenience for people's daily life trip, but also greatly promotes the economic development. However, the annual spring transportation in the special period is still a great challenge to high-speed railway transportation, and this paper analyzes the high-speed railway ticket for spring transportation from the perspective of microeconomics, and then thinks for the solution.This paper specifically analyzes the problem that demand exceeds supply for high-speed railway ticket by using the theories of the demand elasticity of supply and demand and the influence of price on supply and demand, monopoly markets. In addition, opportunity cost, incomplete information and other economic principles are used to think about the theoretical reasons for the difficulty of buying tickets during the spring transportation. I have given my understanding for the two problems owned by China spring transportation, and the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. For example, speed up the development of substitutes and carry out the mechanism of price fluctuation; In the ticket refunding mechanism, this paper boldly conceives the method to relieve the pressure through a reasonable and scientific ticket refunding mechanism. Finally, this paper starts from the source and find the key point to solve the problem of spring transportation in China by breaking the urban-rural dual structure.Hereafter the final conclusion was drawn: Although there are some problems to cope with the spring transport for the current China high-speed railway, it is believed that in the near future, the difficulty of buying a ticket in spring transportation will no longer hinder the homecoming of wanderers.

scholarly journals Analysis on the mechanism, problems and Countermeasures of rural industry integration in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Quanfu pan
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
The State ◽  
State Council ◽  
Integrated Development ◽  
Rural Industry ◽  
Countermeasures And Suggestions ◽  
Industry Integration ◽  
Rural Industries

Since the first document of the Central Committee in 2015 first proposed the integrated development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries, relevant departments of the State Council and local governments at all levels have introduced supportive policies, and the integrated development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries has thus entered a rapid development track. This article will clarify the related theories of the integrated development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries, analyze the main problems existing in the integrated development of rural industries, and put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for the problems.

scholarly journals Assessing the Coordination of Regional Water and Soil Resources and Ecological Environment System Based on Development Rate Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Fu ◽  
Kun cheng ◽  
Kang xu He ◽  
Kotaro Tagawa
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Coordinated Development ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Environmental System ◽  
Coordination Model

Abstract The coordinated development of land and water resources and the ecological environment is essential to regional sustainable development. In view of the current rapid development of information science, the coordination degree of eco-environmental systems has been evaluated from the perspective of development rate. Taking the major grain-producing areas in China as an example, this study used information entropy to determine the weights of various indicators and introduced the average annual growth rate to characterize the development rates of indicators. Through an improved dynamic coupling and coordination model, the coupling and coordination indices of the system and subsystems of land and water resources with the ecological environment were obtained. These indices were analyzed and compared with those generated from raw data. The results showed that during the study period, the land and water resources and the ecological-environmental system had a relatively low coupling, with reluctant coordination, and had a relatively low level of coordinated development. Compared with the results based on raw data, the development rate method yielded similar results on the coupling of subsystems. For the analysis of trends, the method using development rate characteristics better reflected the overall coupling of the system, as well as the coordination of the system when considering the range of relative changes. Therefore, evaluation results based on development rate characteristics can, to a certain degree, better help decision-makers timely understand the coordinated development of the land and water resources and the ecological-environmental system.

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