scholarly journals Structural framework conditions and individual motivations for youth-mobility: A macro-micro level approach for different European country-types

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Hemming ◽  
Tabea Schlimbach ◽  
Frank Tillmann ◽  
Birte Nienaber ◽  
Monica Roman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Home Country ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Micro Data ◽  
Opportunity Structures ◽  
Structural Framework ◽  
Individual Mobility ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Framework Conditions ◽  
European Youth

European youth mobility seems to be fostering Europe’s unequal pace of integration, which sees certain countries benefit at the expense of others (Ohmacht et al., 2009; van Mol & Timmerman, 2014). Using a comparative approach, the paper aims to relate a macro-level country-typology focussing on human capital with individual mobility-motivations on the micro-level. Our methodological approach is based on a secondary macro-data analysis and analyses of mobility-motivations of young people (micro-data) deriving from qualitative (N=152) and quantitative data (N=5,499) collected in six European countries. In order to examine correspondence between macro-conditions and micro-aspects, we relate information on mobility-motivations to the country-typology by allocating mobile youth to the respective types of their home country. The results show that the country-types compose different opportunity structures, which are reflected in individual motivations. Accordingly, different country-types can be seen as an example of the heterogeneity and inequality of European social and territorial mobility frames.

scholarly journals ‘We Have Equal Opportunities – in Theory’: Lay Perceptions of Privilege, Meritocracy and Inequality in Denmark

Sociology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 003803852199920
Author(s):  
Ditte Andersen ◽  
Malene Lue Kessing ◽  
Jeanette Østergaard
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Reference Groups ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Opportunity Structures ◽  
Lay Perceptions ◽  
Micro Level

This article reports on the findings from a qualitative, longitudinal study on lay perceptions of opportunity structures among young adults in Denmark. Previous research suggests that people often underestimate the extent of inequality and that rising inequality aggravates misperceptions. Our study deepens the understanding of the multi-layered processes that form meritocratic beliefs, and it identifies key factors at the macro-, meso- and micro-level. A macro-level factor that proved influential was a cultural script revolving around the Danish lay concept, social arv [social inheritance]. At the meso level, the factor of reference groups in socio-economic heterogeneous schools was instrumental for formations of inequality perceptions, but in dissimilar ways depending on micro-level subjective factors. Overall, the participants viewed the free educational system in Denmark as part of a welfare system that equalises opportunity structures in principle, while the majority simultaneously exhibited a nuanced awareness of social forces negating meritocracy in practice.

Thriving or Dividing? The Women's Movement and the Independence Referenda in Scotland and Catalonia

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Women's Movement ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Opportunity Structures ◽  
Fertile Ground

AbstractTerritorial debates have recently shaken the political systems in Scotland and Catalonia, leading to referenda on independence. This article engages with questions concerning whether this extraordinary process has affected the women's movement and why. Specifically, feminist scholars have often expressed concern regarding how strong territorial identities and nationalist projects might prove detrimental to the movement's unity and success. Here, I look for indications of engagement and revival within the frames of the Scottish and Catalan referendum campaigns. A comparative approach revealed the mobilizing potential of these contexts when certain conditions were present. While the women's movement in Scotland has thrived in the last couple of years, territorial debates in Catalonia have not provided fertile ground for feminist campaigning and have shown divisive potential. The specific dynamics of the women's movement in each setting and the presence of political and discursive opportunity structures account for the different outcomes.

Entrepreneurship and fintech development: comparing reward and equity crowdfunding

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciro Troise ◽  
Diego Matricano ◽  
Elena Candelo ◽  
Mario Sorrentino
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Equity Crowdfunding ◽  
Research Propositions ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Starting from the state-of-the-art of Fintech development, this study aims to propose some research propositions comparing reward-crowdfunding (RCF) and equity-crowdfunding (ECF). In this sense, the present research provides a comprehensive analysis of fintech development and – to conceptualize the comparison between RCF and ECF – it focuses on campaigns’ characteristics, aims and post-campaigns scenarios. Design/methodology/approach All the research propositions related to the comparison between RCF and ECF are rooted in dedicated literature. The methodological approach adopted in the present paper can be referred to theorizing. Findings This study suggests that five key elements characterize the development of fintech: regulation, infrastructure, technologies, finance and innovations. The research provides nine propositions: four related to the campaigns’ characteristics; two related to the use of crowdfunding models by entrepreneurs; and three related to the performance of crowdfunded companies. Practical implications By offering nine research propositions, this study is expected to foster and support the investigation of fintech development from an entrepreneurial and managerial point of view. Originality/value To the best of authors’ knowledge, this study is among the first to explore the fintech development and to propose a comparative approach between RCF and ECF. This research contributes to the current debate on fintech development as well as on the comparison between crowdfunding models.

Introduction

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Erikson
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Opportunity Structures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
English East India Company ◽  
Central Pillar

This chapter presents the volume's main argument: that a decentralized organizational structure—constructed through the combination of private and Company trade—was the central pillar of the English East India Company's continued expansion and adaptability over nearly two centuries as a predominantly commercial operation. It delves into the history of the English East India Company and the reasons for its success. Additionally, the chapter also looks at alternative explanations for the success of the company. Finally, this chapter lays out the study's theoretical approach: by considering the micro-level behavioral patterns and opportunity structures that allowed for the development and transformation of the English Company and, through it, larger patterns of global trade.

Europe and its Fertility: From Low to Lowest Low

2005 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
pp. 56-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco C. Billari
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Ideational Change ◽  
European Youth

This paper documents the fundamental changes in family formation that took place in Europe during the last two decades of the twentieth century, as well as some possible explanations for these changes. First, European youth have postponed key demographic events, and the latest-late pattern of transition to adulthood emerged in the South. Second, lowest-low fertility emerged during the 1990s in the same area, spreading quickly to Central and Eastern Europe. Policies and economic trends, long-standing cultural factors and ideational change interact in shaping change and differences. Macro-level factors in turn interact with micro-level ones to shape outcomes. The new demographic regime of Europe is thus likely to persist.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF ENTERPRISES INVESTMENT ATTRACTION EVALUATION

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Dmytro Prunenko ◽  
Yevhenii Hrytskov ◽  
Abolkhasanzad Alyreza
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Integral Approach ◽  
Enterprise Management ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Corporate Information System ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Integral Indicator

The purpose of the article is to systematize theoretical and methodological principles and justify the application of an integrated approach to assess the investment attractiveness of enterprises. Among the approaches we can highlight the following ones: cost, spatial, income, factor, matrix, integral, analytical, approach, which is based on determination of the current and future status of investment attractiveness of enterprises, comparative, approach, which is based on the system of qualitative and quantitative indicators that is applied to assess the investment attractiveness of enterprises, approach, which is based on the application of the correlation and regression analysis method, an investment-based approach. In order to determine the investment attractiveness, it is proposed to use an integral approach based on appropriate methods and models that allows us to estimate the integral indicator for the formation of the estimated basis for increasing the investment attractiveness of the subjects of management. The methodological approach to the integrated assessment of the investment attractiveness of enterprises is proposed. It is based on the definition of the integral indicator and the application of analytical, expert and hierarchy analysis methods by modelling the investment attractiveness indicators. This approach enables to form informational and analytical support for the development of the enterprise management strategy. It has been determined the information and analytical support for estimating the investment attractiveness of enterprises on the basis of accounting and financial reporting, data on the application of technologies and means of production, level of preparation and use of workers, features of the material and technical base, directions of interaction between different groups of interested persons, information regarding the application of scientific and technical development, which ensures the security of the corporate information system, the quality and completeness of information.

scholarly journals The Political Discourse of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: Methodology and Research Prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Ambroziak
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Language ◽  
Political Literature ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Level

This review analyses The Political Discourse of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: Terms and Ideas, a monograph written by Anna Grześkowiak-Krwawicz. The work describes the main concepts of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth’s political language between 1569 and 1795. The study is mostly based on political literature, i. e. theoretical treatises and works devoted to relevant issues of the political life of the state. The author makes an attempt to create her own methodological approach, which consists of describing the political discourse of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by analysing its basic concepts, i. e. “Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth”, “law”, “freedom”, “forma mixta” and “separation of powers”, “consent”, “virtue”, “patriotism”, and “ancientry”. The scholar notes the small role that the concepts of “sovereignty”, “state”, and “property” played in political discourse. The reviewer compliments the wide range of literature used by the author and the high level of generalisations, due to which the work is a successful attempt at synthesising existing historiographic knowledge. At the same time, the reviewer points out further prospects for studying the issue: the application of a comparative approach, consideration of the context of ancient thought, analysis of differences in the political language in various parts of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the evolution of political discourse, as well as a significant expansion of the research base.

scholarly journals Training associated alterations in equine respiratory immunity using a multiomics comparative approach

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna E. Karagianni ◽  
Dominic Kurian ◽  
Eugenio Cillán-Garcia ◽  
Samantha L. Eaton ◽  
Thomas M. Wishart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Period Gene ◽  
Thoroughbred Racehorses ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
Pulmonary Immune System ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractNeutrophilic airway inflammation is highly prevalent in racehorses in training, with the term mild to moderate equine asthma (MMEA) being applied to the majority of such cases. Our proposed study is largely derived from the strong association between MMEA in racehorses and their entry into a race training program. The objectives of this study are to characterise the effect of training on the local pulmonary immune system by defining the gene and protein expression of tracheal wash (TW) derived samples from Thoroughbred racehorses prior to and following commencement of race training. Multiomics analysis detected 2138 differentially expressed genes and 260 proteins during the training period. Gene and protein sets were enriched for biological processes related to acute phase response, oxidative stress, haemopoietic processes, as well as to immune response and inflammation. This study demonstrated TW samples to represent a rich source of airway cells, protein and RNA to study airway immunity in the horse and highlighted the benefits of a multiomics methodological approach to studying the dynamics of equine airway immunity. Findings likely reflect the known associations between race-training and both airway inflammation and bleeding, offering further insight into the potential mechanisms which underpin training associated airway inflammation.

Combined Approach to Human Capital Assessment at a Trading Enterprise

2019 ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
O. E. Pirogova ◽  
V. A. Plotnikov
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Value Management ◽  
Combined Method ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Enterprise Value ◽  
A Value ◽  
Capital Growth ◽  
Micro Level

The presented study examines human capital and methods of its assessment at the micro-level of the economic system, in the activities of trading enterprises.Aim. The study aims to substantiate a methodological approach to the assessment and prediction of the human capital of a trading enterprise using the concept of enterprise value management.Tasks. The authors determine the importance of human capital for the efficiency of managing a trading enterprise, explore the essence of human capital and specific aspects of its analysis at the micro-level of the economic system, and propose a combined method for assessing and predicting human capital indicators at an enterprise.Methods. This study uses the methods of institutional and structural analysis, assessment of investment projects, systems analysis, enterprise value management, and specific methods of human capital research.Results. The study provides a detailed description of human capital with allowance for the specific aspects of its manifestation at the micro-level of the economic system and industry-specific features of trade; examines the methods of and approaches to the assessment of efficiency of investments in human capital, also taking into account industry-specific features; proposes a combined method for human capital assessment at a trading enterprise based on a combination of CIV and MVAIC methods and a criterion for the assessment of efficiency of investments in human capital based on the relationship between the value of investment and human capital growth during the reporting period.Conclusions. A new method for assessing and predicting the human capital of trading enterprises is proposed. It is harmonized with a value-based approach to management and can be integrated into the management systems of trading enterprises.

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