scholarly journals Sodium exclusion by different maize genotypes under salinity in conferring salt resistance

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-566
Author(s):  
Mahrufa Khanoom ◽  
Shawon Mojumder ◽  
Md Nesar Uddin ◽  
Md Ashrafuzzaman ◽  
Md Solaiman Ali Fakir
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Concomitant Increase ◽  
Maize Line ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Moderate Salinity ◽  
Na Ions ◽  
Sodium Exclusion

An experiment was carried out in the pot-house of botanical garden of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, during June to November, 2014 to investigate the effect of NaCl on growth, Na+ accumulation and K+: Na+ ratio in maize. Four maize genotypes namely BARI Maize 5, BARI Maize 7, Plain maize line and Mosaic maize line were tested against control, without providing any NaCl and salt stress, with NaCl to reach the soil salinity of 10 dS m-1. The experiment was laid out following CRD with four replicates. Under salt stress, relative reduction in shoot fresh masses were 22 and 77% in BARI Maize 5 and BARI Maize 7, whereas the magnitude of reduction was 136 and 155% in Mosaic maize line and Plain maize line, respectively. Seven days exposure to moderate salinity (10 dS m-1) seemed to have significantly reduced total fresh masses with the concomitant increase in Na+ concentrations but decrease in K+ concentrations and K+: Na+ ratios in both young and old shoots of BARI Maize 5, Plain maize line and Mosaic maize line. In contrast, BARI Maize 7 showed significant reduction in shoot fresh mass under salinity with the concomitant increase in shoot Na+ content but no significant changes in K+ concentrations and K+: Na+ ratios were observed under salinity. It seemed that young leaf of BARI maize 7 showed unaffected growth despite of higher accumulation of Na+. It may likely that BARI maize 7 sequestered incoming excess Na+ ions in the vacuole from the cytosol to combat deleterious effect of this ion to the cytoplasmic enzymes.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2016, 2(4): 562-566

Maize Genotypes Differing in Salt Resistance Vary in Jasmonic Acid Accumulation During the First Phase of Salt Stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 201 (6) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Shahzad ◽  
B. Pitann ◽  
H. Ali ◽  
M. F. Qayyum ◽  
A. Fatima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Acid Accumulation

scholarly journals Interaction of SOS2 with Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase 2 and Catalases Reveals a Point of Connection between Salt Stress and H2O2 Signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (22) ◽  
pp. 7771-7780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Verslues ◽  
Giorgia Batelli ◽  
Stefania Grillo ◽  
Fernanda Agius ◽  
Yong-Sig Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Double Mutant ◽  
Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Interacting Proteins ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Oxygen Signaling ◽  
Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase 2

ABSTRACT SOS2, a class 3 sucrose-nonfermenting 1-related kinase, has emerged as an important mediator of salt stress response and stress signaling through its interactions with proteins involved in membrane transport and in regulation of stress responses. We have identified additional SOS2-interacting proteins that suggest a connection between SOS2 and reactive oxygen signaling. SOS2 was found to interact with the H2O2 signaling protein nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2 (NDPK2) and to inhibit its autophosphorylation activity. A sos2-2 ndpk2 double mutant was more salt sensitive than a sos2-2 single mutant, suggesting that NDPK2 and H2O2 are involved in salt resistance. However, the double mutant did not hyperaccumulate H2O2 in response to salt stress, suggesting that it is altered signaling rather than H2O2 toxicity alone that is responsible for the increased salt sensitivity of the sos2-2 ndpk2 double mutant. SOS2 was also found to interact with catalase 2 (CAT2) and CAT3, further connecting SOS2 to H2O2 metabolism and signaling. The interaction of SOS2 with both NDPK2 and CATs reveals a point of cross talk between salt stress response and other signaling factors including H2O2.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization and Freedom to Operate analysis of maize hybrids from genetically modified and Colombian varieties

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Jiménez-Barreto ◽  
Alejandro Chaparro Giraldo ◽  
Julián Mora-Oberlaender ◽  
José Ever Vargas-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Maize Line ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Lepidopteran Insects ◽  
Hybrid Lines

Spodoptera frugiperda is one of the most common pests in maize crops, causing important losses in Colombia. The development of insect resistant crops is an alternative to conventional pest control methods. HERCULEX® I is a transgenic maize line with resistance to lepidopteran insects and tolerance to phosphinothricin herbicides, conferred by genes cry1F and pat, respectively. In Colombia, the National Federation of Cereal and Legume Growers (FENALCE) has carried out mendelian crosses between Colombian maize genotypes and HERCU- LEX® I, with the aim of integrating the genetic elements of the transgenic line into national varieties. Three hybrids were obtained which potentially carry such constructs. In the present study, the hybrid lines and their parental lines were characterized at the molecular level. Leaf tissue was tested for presence or absence of the genes cry1F and pat and their expression as mRNA and respective proteins Cry1F and Pat. Results show that the three hybrids indeed carry the HERCULEX® I constructs. RT-PCR and ELISA analysis showed transcription of the genes and presence of the proteins. An initial approach to the Freedom to Operate analysis was carried out for HERCU- LEX® I in Colombia.

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses alleviating salt stress in maize is associated with a decline in root-to-leaf gradient of Na+/K+ ratio

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wang ◽  
Tingting An ◽  
Di Huang ◽  
Runjin Liu ◽  
Bingcheng Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Root System ◽  
Chloroplast Ultrastructure ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Influx Rate ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Ionic Imbalance ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract Background Inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi has the potential to alleviate salt stress in host plants through the mitigation of ionic imbalance. However, inoculation effects vary, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Two maize genotypes (JD52, salt-tolerant with large root system, and FSY1, salt-sensitive with small root system) inoculated with or without AM fungus Funneliformis mosseae were grown in pots containing soil amended with 0 or 100 mM NaCl (incrementally added 32 days after sowing, DAS) in a greenhouse. Plants were assessed 59 DAS for plant growth, tissue Na+ and K+ contents, the expression of plant transporter genes responsible for Na+ and/or K+ uptake, translocation or compartmentation, and chloroplast ultrastructure alterations. Results Under 100 mM NaCl, AM plants of both genotypes grew better with denser root systems than non-AM plants. Relative to non-AM plants, the accumulation of Na+ and K+ was decreased in AM plant shoots but increased in AM roots with a decrease in the shoot: root Na+ ratio particularly in FSY1, accompanied by differential regulation of ion transporter genes (i.e., ZmSOS1, ZmHKT1, and ZmNHX). This induced a relatively higher Na+ efflux (recirculating) rate than K+ in AM shoots while the converse outcoming (higher Na+ influx rate than K+) in AM roots. The higher K+: Na+ ratio in AM shoots contributed to the maintenance of structural and functional integrity of chloroplasts in mesophyll cells. Conclusion AM symbiosis improved maize salt tolerance by accelerating Na+ shoot-to-root translocation rate and mediating Na+/K+ distribution between shoots and roots.

scholarly journals Influence of salt stress on plants of poplar clone "INRA 353-38" and willow clone "Zhytomyrska-1" in in vitro culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Yu. Khoma ◽  
L. Khudolieieva ◽  
N. Kutsokon
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Abiotic Factor

Soil salinization is an important abiotic factor negatively affecting plant growth, development and productivity. Fast-growing poplar and willow trees are important plants for bioenergy production demonstrating varying degrees of adaptation to different habitats. The study of salt resistance in different clones of poplars and willows will reveal genotypes that can be planted in saline soils for producing biomass for the bioenergy industry. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of salt stress on poplar plants of clone 'INRA 353-38' (Populus tremula × P. tremuloides) and willow clone 'Zhytomyrska – 1' (Salix sp.) under in vitro culture. For this purpose the plants were cultivated on MS nutrient medium with the addition of sodium chloride in concentrations 25 mM, 50 mM and 100 mM. The control plants were grown on the sodium chloridefree medium. The plant status (with a 4-score scale), the intensity of their growth (by shoot length) and rooting capacity (by the number of roots) were assessed on the 10th and the 30th day of cultivation. The results obtained indicate a high level of sensitivity to sodium chloride of both studied clones under in vitro cultivation. But the willow 'Zhytomyrska – 1' had a higher sensitivity to salt stress comparing to hybrid polar 'ІNRA 353-38' since growth parameters of willow were significantly decreased even under the concentration of sodium chloride 50 mM, and in the case of short term influence (10 days) of the highest concentration of sodium chloride (100 mM) all willow plants terminated their growth and quickly died. The growth parameters of hybrid poplar were declined within a month, mainly under the highest concentration of sodium chloride, but even under such conditions some part of the shoots were able to survive.

scholarly journals Influence of Maternal Habitat on Salinity Tolerance of Zygophyllum coccineum with Regard to Seed Germination and Growth Parameters

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1504
Author(s):  
Elsayed Mohamed ◽  
Ahmed M. M. A. Kasem ◽  
Adil A. Gobouri ◽  
Amr Elkelish ◽  
Ehab Azab
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Adaptive Plasticity ◽  
Salt Level ◽  
Level Increase ◽  
Moderate Salinity ◽  
Saline Habitats

Zygophyllum coccineum is a facultative halophyte widely distributed in desert wadis and coastal areas in Egypt. Here, we investigated the influences of maternal habitat on tolerance to salt stress during germination and seedling growth under salinity (0, 100, 200, 400 mM NaCl) of three populations of Z. coccineum from a saline habitat (Manzala coast) and non-saline habitats (Wadi Houf and Wadi Asyuti). In all populations, seed germination started within two days in distilled water but germination indices were reduced significantly with salt level increase. Germination percentage was not significantly greater for seeds from non-saline habitats than for those from the saline habitat under moderate salinity (100, 200 mM NaCl), but only seeds from the saline habitat were able to germinate under high salt stress (400 mM NaCl). Germination recovery was greater for seeds from the saline habitat compared to non-saline populations. At the seedling level, the Manzala population showed the lowest inhibition of shoot length and leaf area under salinity (200 and 400 mM NaCl) compared to non-saline habitats. In the same context, the Manzala population had the maximum chlorophyll a content, superoxide dismutase and esterase activities under salinity compared to non-saline populations, but salinity had a non-significant effect on chlorophyll b between the three populations. Carotenoids were enhanced with the increase of salt levels in all populations. These results suggest the salt tolerance of Manzala population is derived from maternal salinity and adaptive plasticity of this species may play an important role in the wide distribution of Z. coccineum.

scholarly journals Biochemical Markers of Salt Stress in European Larch (Larix decidua)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioana PLESA ◽  
Mohamad AL HASSAN ◽  
Adriana F. SESTRAS ◽  
Oscar VICENTE ◽  
Monica BOSCAIU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Larix Decidua ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
European Larch ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Steady Level ◽  
Different Populations

Larix decidua, the European larch, does not grow in natural saline areas, but it can be affected by salinity either by the common practice of winter de-icing of mountain roads with NaCl, or when grown as an ornamental tree in urban areas by the use of low quality, salinised irrigation water. In the present study, the responses to salt stress of young seedlings obtained from seeds of seven Carpathian larch populations were analysed. After 30 days of treatments with 150 mM NaCl, growth and biochemical parameters were determinated. Salt stress inhibited growth of all seedlings, as shown by the relative reduction of stem length and fresh weight, and induced significant changes in the needle levels of several biochemical stress markers. Seedlings from all populations showed a marked reduction of photosynthetic pigments contents and an increase of proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations. Under salt stress, plants accumulated Na+ and Cl- in the needles, whereas K+ was maintained at a steady level. Responses of seedlings from the different populations were similar, with only small quantitative differences that did not allow the identification of more salt tolerant genotypes. However, the study revealed that several of the biochemical markers mentioned above can be suitable for the rapid and non-destructive assessment of the effects of salinity in European larch.

Isolation and identification of salt-tolerant plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria and their application for rice cultivation under salt stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahnaz Sultana ◽  
Sumonta C. Paul ◽  
Samia Parveen ◽  
Saiful Alam ◽  
Naziza Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Enhanced Expression ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Growth and productivity of rice are negatively affected by soil salinity. However, some salt-tolerant rhizosphere-inhabiting bacteria can improve salt resistance of plants, thereby augmenting plant growth and production. Here, we isolated a total of 53 plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) from saline and non-saline areas in Bangladesh where electrical conductivity was measured as >7.45 and <1.80 dS/m, respectively. Bacteria isolated from saline areas were able to grow in a salt concentration of up to 2.60 mol/L, contrary to the isolates collected from non-saline areas that did not survive beyond 854 mmol/L. Among the salt-tolerant isolates, Bacillus aryabhattai, Achromobacter denitrificans, and Ochrobactrum intermedium, identified by comparing respective sequences of 16S rRNA using the NCBI GenBank, exhibited a higher amount of atmospheric nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and indoleacetic acid production at 200 mmol/L salt stress. Salt-tolerant isolates exhibited greater resistance to heavy metals and antibiotics, which could be due to the production of an exopolysaccharide layer outside the cell surface. Oryza sativa L. fertilized with B. aryabhattai MS3 and grown under 200 mmol/L salt stress was found to be favoured by enhanced expression of a set of at least four salt-responsive plant genes: BZ8, SOS1, GIG, and NHX1. Fertilization of rice with osmoprotectant-producing PGPR, therefore, could be a climate-change-preparedness strategy for coastal agriculture.

scholarly journals Characterization of Differentially Expressed Genes under Salt Stress in Olive

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Soraya Mousavi ◽  
Roberto Mariotti ◽  
Maria Cristina Valeri ◽  
Luca Regni ◽  
Emanuele Lilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Tolerance Mechanism ◽  
Groundwater Salinization ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
Moderate Salinity ◽  
High Salt Stress ◽  
Complete Genomic

Climate change, currently taking place worldwide and also in the Mediterranean area, is leading to a reduction in water availability and to groundwater salinization. Olive represents one of the most efficient tree crops to face these scenarios, thanks to its natural ability to tolerate moderate salinity and drought. In the present work, four olive cultivars (Koroneiki, Picual, Royal de Cazorla and Fadak86) were exposed to high salt stress conditions (200 mM of NaCl) in greenhouse, in order to evaluate their tolerance level and to identify key genes involved in salt stress response. Molecular and physiological parameters, as well as plant growth and leaves’ ions Na+ and K+ content were measured. Results of the physiological measurements showed Royal de Cazorla as the most tolerant cultivar, and Fadak86 and Picual as the most susceptible ones. Ten candidate genes were analyzed and their complete genomic, CDS and protein sequences were identified. The expression analysis of their transcripts through reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) demonstrated that only OeNHX7, OeP5CS, OeRD19A and OePetD were upregulated in tolerant cultivars, thus suggesting their key role in the activation of a salt tolerance mechanism.

scholarly journals Effects of saline stress and temperature on germination and seed vigor of Luffa operculata L. Cogn

2020 ◽  
pp. 1779-1785
Author(s):  
Paulo Costa Araújo ◽  
Paulo Alexandre Fernandes Rodrigues de Melo ◽  
Edna Ursulino Alves ◽  
Antônio Pereira dos Anjos Neto ◽  
Aderson Costa Araujo Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Seedling Root ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Moderate Salinity

Luffa operculata (L.) is a native Brazilian biome plant used for the treatment of respiratory diseases. Although Brazil’s flora comprises 67% of the world’s plants, only 8% of Brazilian plant species are studied each year. The studies indicate that climate change in tropical biomes intensifies the increase in salinized areas by about 10% per year for several reasons, including high temperatures, low rainfall and high evapotranspiration rates, due to surface water scarcity. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the germination behavior and vigor of L. operculata seeds submitted to saline stress at different temperatures. To simulate salt stress conditions, sodium chloride was applied at 0.0; 3.0; 6.0; 9.0 and 12.0 dS m-1, at 25, 30, 35, 20-30 °C, with treatments distributed in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme (five levels of osmotic potential and four temperatures), using four replications. The seeds were then evaluated concerning water content, germination tests, first counts, germination speed index and seedling root and shoot lengths. At 30 and 35 °C, the seed germination and vigor of L. operculata were less affected up to an osmotic potential of 9.0 dS m-1, where it is considered a moderate salinity tolerance. At 35 ºC, the germination uniformity was reduced to 98 and 93% by applying the 6 and 9 dS m-1 solutions, respectively. For the same temperature, the germination velocity remained 6.09 (IVG) until the saline potential of 9.0 dS m-1

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