scholarly journals Dentifrice Containing Extract of Rosmarinus officinalis Linn.: An Antimicrobial Evaluation

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Agne Alves Valones ◽  
◽  
Jane Sheila Higino ◽  
Paulo Roberto Eleutério Souza ◽  
Sérgio Crovella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Rosemary Extract ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Streptococcus Oralis ◽  
Antimicrobial Evaluation

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of a dentifrice containing an alcoholic extract of rosemary on oral bacteria, compared to a commercially available herbal dentifrice. Standard strains of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), Streptococcus oralis (ATCC 9811) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 7469) were used, as well as different toothpastes based on rosemary (TR), on propolis (TH), triclosan (positive control) (TPC) and non-fluoridated dentifrice (negative control) (TNC). Bacteria were seeded in Petri dishes and paper discs soaked with dilutions of dentifrice placed on the plates. The inhibition halos were analyzed. It was observed that TR did not show statistical difference in relation to the TH to inhibit S. mutans and S. oralis, while TH was more active against L. rhamnosus. The toothpaste containing rosemary extract had the ability to inhibit the growth of S. mutans, S. oralis and L. rhamnosus, revealing an antimicrobial activity similar to commercially available toothpastes for inhibition of S. mutans and S. oralis.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogon citratus (Poaceae) essential oil on Streptococcus mutans biofilm and cytotoxic effect on keratinocytes and fibroblasts

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1519
Author(s):  
Mailen Ortega Cuadros ◽  
Adriana Patricia Tofiño Rivera ◽  
Luciano Jose Merini ◽  
Maria Cecilia Martinez Pabon
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Efficient Alternative

Dental caries is a pathology of multifactorial origin and currently natural products are an efficient alternative treatment; The work sought to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the Cymbopogon citratus essential oil and the citral and myrcene components against Streptococcus mutans ATCC UA159, as well as their cytotoxicity on keratinocytes and human fibroblasts. The viability effect against Streptococcus mutans on biofilms was evaluated through exposure to the three substances by using the MBEC technique-high-throughput at concentrations of 1, 0.1, and 0.01 µg/mL and chlorhexidine as positive control. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was evaluated on keratinocytes and fibroblasts through the MTT reduction technique, using 0.5 mM H2O2 as cell-death control (negative control) and ethanol 1% as vehicle control (positive control). The three substances evaluated had effects on the viability of Streptococcus mutans with mortality between 74% and 96%, without significant difference among them (p > 0.393); additionally, no cytotoxicity was evident on keratinocytes and fibroblasts in a 24-h treatment. The substances evaluated showed significant antimicrobial effects; hence, these should be studied further as potential co-adjuvants to prevent dental caries that cause minor adverse effects

scholarly journals Study the effect of the mixture alcoholic extract of Peganum harmala seeds and cones of Cupressus sempervirens and their effect on viability of protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus in vivo

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Noor Nihad Baker ◽  
Fawzia Ahmed AL-Shanawi
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Peganum Harmala ◽  
Cupressus Sempervirens ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Plant Mixture

this study included the using of the mixture of alcoholic extract Peganum harmala seeds and cones of Cupressus sempervirens at concentrations (1+50) mgml. And then experimentation on the mice injected with protoscolices and its comparison with the mice injected with only protoscolices (as positive control group), and the mice injected with normal saline (as negative control) to investigate the effect of plant mixture in vivo, it appeared of getting the reduction of hydatid cyst with percentage 100% in processed group with the mixture compared with positive group as its absence of the hydatid cyst in processed group. The lowering significantly occurred in the averages of the weights of the liver and spleen and the averages of its distension in processed groups and about of the positive group and which was approach to the negative group. Also study the tissular changes occurred in the liver and spleen, in the liver it occurred of changes in the liver cell and increase in the number of the kupffer cell as a defensive in the processed group were less than what it appeared in the positive control, but the spleen, it appeared the dilation of the whit pulp and the appearance of the cell composing of the hemic platelets (megakaryocyte cells) in the mice processed in comparison with negative control. These changes were of less acuity in the group processed. Thus from the results of this study at appeared the possibility of using the mixture in vivo in successful and safe way by it a capability of initiating the immunity system to the inhibition of the protoscolices and prevent the development of the secondary hydatid cyst in vivo without causing the negative side effect.

scholarly journals Design, Synthesis, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of New Annelated Pyrimido[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-f][1,2,4]triazines

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Islam H. El Azab ◽  
Nadia A.A. Elkanzi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Aspergillus Brasiliensis ◽  
In Vitro Investigation ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis Atcc ◽  
Antimicrobial Evaluation

A series of 34 new pyrimido[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazine-3,4-diones were synthesized and fully characterized using IR, NMR, MS, and microanalytical analysis. In vitro investigation of 12 compounds of this series revealed promising antimicrobial activity of the conjugates 15a and 15f–j that were tagged with electron-withdrawing groups, with sensitivities ranging from 77% to as high as 100% of the positive control. The investigation of antimicrobial activity included Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6535, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 (EC), and fungal strains Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Aspergillus brasiliensis ATCC 16404.

Protective effect of Cassia fistula fruit extract on bromobenzene-induced nephrotoxicity in mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1710-1715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heibatullah Kalantari ◽  
Mohammadtaha Jalali ◽  
Amir Jalali ◽  
Abobakr Salimi ◽  
Foad Alhalvachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Cassia Fistula ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Tree Fruit ◽  
Nephroprotective Effect

The efficacy of a crude hydro-alcoholic extract of Cassia fistula (golden shower tree) fruit to protect the kidney against bromobenzene-induced toxicity was studied. Negative control mice received normal saline; positive control mice were given 460 mg/kg of bromobenzene; Cassia fistula treated mice received 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg of Cassia fistula fruit extract followed by 460 mg/kg bromobenzene (daily by oral gavage for 10 days). On the 11th day, the mice were sacrificed, blood samples were obtained to assess blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels, and kidneys were removed for histological examination. We found that bromobenzene induced significant nephrotoxicity reflected by an increase in levels of BUN and creatinine that was dose dependently prevented by the Cassia fistula fruit extract. The nephroprotective effect of the Cassia fistula fruit extract was confirmed by the histological examination of the kidneys. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the protective effect of Cassia fistula in nephrotoxicity.

scholarly journals Good Bugs vs Bad Bugs: Evaluation of Inhibitory Effect of Selected Probiotics against Enterococcus faecalis

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aarti A Bohora ◽  
Sharad R Kokate
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Probiotic Strain ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Indicator Strain ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Diffusion Method

ABSTRACT Introduction The main goal of endodontics is the prevention of apical periodontitis. This is due to the presence of persistent pathogenic microorganisms, such as Enterococcus faecalis, and its ability to directly cause acute and chronic inflammation in the periapical tissues. Lactobacillus has been shown to promote health in the intestines as well as to inhibit the growth of certain problematic oral bacteria. This study explores shifting the established paradigm of endodontic treatment, which has focused on eliminating all bacteria from the canal system and on elimination of the problematic bacteria through introducing probiotics. A preliminary work was performed to evaluate the possible effectiveness of probiotics in preventing the growth of E. faecalis. Materials and methods Two probiotic cultures Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8041 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7408 were selected to check their antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis ATCC 29212 by two methods: agar cup/well diffusion method and deferred antagonism test. Agar cup method A total of 0.5 mL of requisite test pathogen culture was inoculated into 20 mL of molten sterile Mueller and Hinton agar and cooled to 45 ± 2°C. Circular wells of diameter 10 mm were punched in each of the poured plates. Appropriately diluted test samples were added to the above-punched wells. The plates were incubated upright position at 37°C for 24 hours in aerobic conditions. Postincubation, zone of inhibition was measured. The cell-free supernatant of Lactobacillus species was also evaluated for antimicrobial activity. Deferred antagonism test The test probiotic strain was standardized to 0.1 optical density (OD) at 600 nm and inoculated in a 1 cm wide diametric streak across the surface of trypticase soy agar + yeast extract + calcium carbonate (TSYCa) agar using a sterile cotton swab. Then, the plate agar containing the test strain was incubated at 37°C for 24 hours under aerophilic condition and then standardized to 0.1 OD at 600 nm for overnight (18 hours, 37°C). A purified culture of indicator strain (pathogen) was streaked at right angles to the line of original producer growth. Postincubation plates were observed for the inhibition zone width of the indicator strain. Results Under the conditions of this study, Lactobacilli had an inhibitory effect on the growth of E. faecalis by agar cup method but not by deferred antagonism test. Conclusion This pilot study demonstrated that probiotics show a potential in root canal therapy. Clinical Significance If probioitcs are effective against endodontic pathogens, they can be potentially used as intracanal medicaments. This will be a novel concept of introducing bacteriotherapy in endodontics and replacing pathogenic bacteria by healthy bacteria, normal flora. How to cite this article Bohora AA, Kokate SR. Good Bugs vs Bad Bugs: Evaluation of Inhibitory Effect of Selected Probiotics against Enterococcus faecalis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(4):312-316.

scholarly journals Role of high dilutions in anesthetic recovery in dogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-51
Author(s):  
Djair Teixeira Santos ◽  
Veronika Wittmann ◽  
Victoria Arrifano Moraes ◽  
Debora Koffke Alves ◽  
Kleber Peixoto da Cunha Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Papaver Somniferum ◽  
Cardiorespiratory System ◽  
Veratrum Album ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Group I ◽  
High Dilutions

Introduction: Post-operative period has been associated with risks like depression of cardiorespiratory system, hypothermia etc., especially under influence of anesthesia. Therefore, short anesthetic recovery in important. Aims: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether homeopathic drug Papaver somniferum 30cH can help reducing the duration of post-surgery anesthesia, and whether there is any change in cardiac rhythm and body temperature. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 16 dogs submitted for sterilization surgery in the Veterinary Hospital of University of Santo Amaro. The animals were divided in three groups: Group-I: treated with Papaver 30cH (n=7); Group-II: treated with 10% hydroalcoholic solution (n=5) (positive control); and Group-III: negative controls (who did not take anything)(n=4). Four drops of drug/placebo were given per os, immediately after the surgery, repeated every 15 min until dog became conscious. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA followed by the Tuckey Krammer Test, p ≤0.05 being significant. Results: The results showed that animals treated with Papaver returned from anesthesia (20 ± 2.80 minutes) faster than the hydroalcoholic group (34±6.49 minutes), p≤0.05. No statistical difference was seen between the positive and negative control. There was no statistical difference between the groups in cardiorespiratory and temperature parameters. Discussion: Other studies have shown similar effects using Veratrum album. The Papaver somniferum has remarkable pharmacological action in bradycardia, bradypnea, respiratory smooth muscle, with sedative and analgesic properties. Conclusion: The Papaver somniferum 30cH may be considered as a medicinal aid in the shortening the post-surgical anesthesia time, however more studies are needed to establish this observation.

Hypnotic activity of Capparis spinosa hydro-alcoholic extract in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Rakhshandeh ◽  
Roghayeh Rashidi ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Vahedi ◽  
Mohammad Bagher Khorrami ◽  
Hassan Abbassian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Rota Rod Test ◽  
Capparis Spinosa ◽  
Hypnotic Activity

Background: Sleep disorders are among the most common psychiatric and medical conditions. Objective: The present study aimed at investigating the hypnotic activity of the hydro-alcoholic extract of Capparis spinosa (HAE) in mice. Method: Three doses of HAE (30, 60 and 120 mg/kg) and three fractions of it, namely n-hexane fraction (NHF), water fraction (WF), and ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), were given in comparison with diazepam (3mg/kg body weight i.p.) as positive control and saline as negative control. After 30 min, pentobarbital (30 mg/kg body weight i.p.) was administrated. In addition, LD50 of HAE was examined and the cytotoxicity of HAE was assessed in l929 cells using the MTT assay. Moreover, for motor-coordination ability 30 mins after administration of HAE rota-rod test was performed. Results: The results exhibited that the HAE and all the fractions significantly augmented pentobarbital induced sleeping time which was comparable to that of induced by diazepam. The LD50 value was 2.4 g/kg. The extract did not induce any cytotoxic effects in L929 fibroblast cells. HAE did not affect the animals’ performance on the rota-rod test. Conclusion: Our finding suggests that hydro-alcoholic extract of C. spinosa possesses hypnotic potential that may require further scientific investigations.

scholarly journals Evaluation of minimum inhibitory concentration and antimicrobial activity of basil extract (Ocimum basilicum L.) incorporated to the mouthwash

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 409
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Marcantonio ◽  
Guilherme Oliveira ◽  
Eloisa Boeck ◽  
Thalita Pilon ◽  
Adilson Bernardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Verification Method ◽  
Microtiter Plates

AIM: This study has as aim to evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentration and the antimicrobial activity of basil extract incorporated to the mouthwash against the bacteria S.mutans. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For the study, the hydro alcoholic basil extract (Ocimum basilicum L.) incorporated to the mouthwash was used in order to evaluate the effect of this formulation on bacteria and its Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). As positive control, TBS + S. mutans was used; as negative control, only the TBS; the fluid hydro alcoholic basil extract 20% and the concentrated basil extract 12%, both incorporated to the mouthwash, were also evaluated. As MIC verification method and antimicrobial activity, the micro dilution was used in the concentrations: pure, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32, 1/64, 1/128; and carried out in triplicate. The microtiter plates were incubated and evaluated after 24 and 72hs. RESULTS: The results showed there was no antimicrobial activity of mouthwash associated to the fluid and concentrated basil extract. However, the mouthwash insulated showed antimicrobial activity only as pure; other dilutions did not presented the same result. CONCLUSION: Before the findings in this study, it is possible conclude that hydro alcoholic basil extract incorporated to the mouthwash did not present antimicrobial activity against the bacteria S. mutans.

scholarly journals Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity between Chemical Disinfectants on Contaminated Orthodontic Pliers

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 619-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus Rodrigues Tonetto ◽  
Marcos André dos Santos da Silva ◽  
Milton Carlos Kuga ◽  
Matheus Coelho Bandeca ◽  
Célia Regina Maio Pinzan-Vercelino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 5

ABSTRACT Aim To compare the antimicrobial activity of the chemical substances—70% isopropyl alcohol, 2% glutaraldehyde (GTA) and 0.25% peracetic acid (PAA) in disinfecting orthodontic pliers contaminated in vitro with Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Materials and methods Distal end cutter pliers were divided into five groups: group 1 (negative control—sterilized pliers), group 2 (positive control—sterilized plier, subsequently contaminated), group 3 (disinfected with 70% isopropyl alcohol, friction method), group 4 (disinfected with 2% GTA, immersion method for 30 minutes), group 5 (disinfected with 0.25% peracetic acid (PAA), immersion method for 10 minutes). After the pliers were treated with one disinfectant and submitted to microbiological evaluation (by counting colony forming units), they were submitted to the same cleansing, sterilizing and contaminating processes, and were used in the following groups (crossover and washout study). The two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, followed by the Tukey test, was used to compare the groups. Results The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the three tested disinfectants. Conclusion Although there were no statistically significant differences between the disinfectants, the chemical agents 2% glutaraldehyde and 0.25% PAA were effective in inhibiting the growth of the three microorganisms tested; however, 70% isopropyl alcohol was unable to completely eliminate S. aureus. Clinical significance The chemical substances 2% glutaraldehyde and 0.25% PAA completely eliminated the microorganisms tested. How to cite this article Carvalho MRA, dos Santos da Silva MA, de Sousa Brito CAR, Campelo V, Kuga MC, Tonetto MR, De Jesus Tavarez RR, Bandéca MC, Pinzan-Vercelino CRM. Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity between Chemical Disinfectants on Contaminated Orthodontic Pliers. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(8):619-623.

scholarly journals Effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Ziziphus spina-christi against scopolamine-induced anxiety in rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahbubeh Setorki
Keyword(s):  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Rotarod Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Injection Anxiety

<p class="Abstract">The aim of this study was to observe the effect of <em>Ziziphus spina-christi</em> extract against anxiety related behavior induced by scopolamine. Rats were randomly divided into six groups, each group consists of eight rats. Vehicle group received distilled water, negative control received scopolamine (1 mg/kg) and positive control received diazepam (1 mg/mL). Experimental groups received <em>Z. spina-christi</em> extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg IP) 30 min after scopolamine injection. Anxiety related behaviors were assessed using the elevated plus maze. The rotarod test was used to evaluate motor coordination. Administration of <em>Z. spina-christi</em> extract (200 mg/kg) significantly increased the time spent in the open arm of elevated plus maze. The extract also reduced the percentage of closed arms entries and time spent in the closed arms. Different concentration of <em>Z. spina-christi</em> extract didn’t affect motor coordination and balance. Hydro-alcoholic extract of <em>Z. spina-christi</em> significantly ameliorate scopolamine-induced anxiety.</p><p><strong>Video clip</strong></p><p><a href="https://youtube.com/v/LTHNppf_Euo">Elevated plus maze</a>: 1 min 58 sec </p>

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