scholarly journals Multi-residue levels of organophosphorus pesticides in cocoa beans from some cocoa farms in Ekiti state, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
OA Ibigbami ◽  
AF Aiyesanmi ◽  
EI Adeyeye ◽  
AO Adebayo ◽  
RD Aladesanwa
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Detectable Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maximum Residue Limits ◽  
Pirimiphos Methyl ◽  
Residue Levels

This study investigated the level and occurrence of 13 organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) residues in cocoa beans from some cocoa farms in Ekiti state, Nigeria. The pesticides in the cocoa beans were extracted and cleaned up on silica gel adsorbent. A gas chromatograph coupled with flame photometric detector (FPD) was used to quantify the pesticides. The reliability of the analytical method was examined by spiking the beans with known concentration of the pesticides and analysed following similar procedure of extraction and clean-up. The percentage of pesticides recovered ranged from 88% to 92%. Dichlorvos, mevinfos, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, dimethoate and parathion were detected with varying concentration in the bean samples whilst phosphamidon, pirimiphos-methyl, fenthion, bromophos, isofenfos, diclofenthion and ethion showed no detectable level. The concentration of OPPs ranged from ND - 58μg/kg and ND - 85μg/kg for the dry and wet seasons respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed no significant variation (p ˃ 0.05) in the levels of all detectable pesticides among the sampled farms whilst dichlorvos, diazinon, dimethoate and chlorpyrifos showed significant difference between both seasons. Residual levels of these detectable pesticides were below the maximum residue limits (MRLs) set by the European Union in food. Hence, the cocoa beans from the study areas are considered safe for consumption.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 52(4), 281-288, 2017

scholarly journals Presence and Health Risks of Obsolete and Emerging Pesticides in Paddy Rice and Soil from Thailand and China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3786
Author(s):  
Naranun Khammanee ◽  
Yanling Qiu ◽  
Nipapun Kungskulniti ◽  
Anders Bignert ◽  
Yuan Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Paddy Rice ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Detection Frequency ◽  
Significant Difference

Organochlorine (OCPs) and organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) have been intensively applied in rice paddy field farming to control pest infestation and increase the yield. In this study, we investigated the presence of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in paddy rice and soil from rice plantations in Thailand and China. According to concentration and distribution of OCPs, the most abundant OCPs residues in rice and soil from Thailand and China were dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and hexachlorocyclohexanes. The OPPs of methidathion, carbophenothion, chlorpyrifos, and diazinon were common to Thailand and China in both types of samples. The detection frequency of multiple types of these pesticides was greater than 50% of total samples. The relative concentration of some OPPs residues in rice and soil from Thailand and China were significantly different from each other (p < 0.0083), whereas, no significant difference was observed for the relative concentration of OCPs residues in rice and soil from both countries, except for HCHs (p < 0.05). Bioaccumulation factors of OCPs between rice and soil samples indicated that OCPs and OPPs in soil could accumulate in rice. The carcinogenic and non- carcinogenic risks of OCPs and OPPs seem to be in the safe range as recommended by the European Union.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Citrus Fruits from the Valencian Community (Spain)

1997 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 1122-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen M Torres ◽  
Yolanda Picó ◽  
Rosa Marín ◽  
Jordi Mañes
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticide ◽  
World Health ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Selected Ion Monitoring ◽  
Residue Levels ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Approximately 200 citrus samples from markets of the Valencian Community (Spain) were analyzed to establish their residue levels in 12 organophosphorus pesticide residues during the 1994-1995 campaign. The organophosphorus pesticides carbophenothion, chlorpyriphos, chlorfenvinphos, diazinon, ethion, fenitrothion, malathion, methidation, methylparathion, phosmet, quinalphos, and tetradifon were simultaneously extracted by matrix solidphase dispersion and determined by gas chromatography- mass spectrometry using selected ion monitoring mode. A total of 32.25% contained pesticide residues and 6.9% exceeded the European Union Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs). The pesticides found in the samples with residues above MRLs were carbophenothion, ethion, methidathion, and methyl parathion. Lower level residues of these and the other pesticides studied (except diazinon) were frequently found. The estimated daily intake of the 12 organophosphorus pesticide residues during the studied period was 4.87 x 10−4 mg/kg body weight/day. This value is lower than the provisional tolerances dairy intakes proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Health Organization.

scholarly journals Assessing Diazinon Pollution in the Three Major Rivers Flowing into the Caspian Sea (Iran)

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Reza Dahmardeh Behrooz ◽  
Abbas Esmaili-sari ◽  
Magdalena Urbaniak ◽  
Paromita Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Haraz River ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Medium Risk

The aim of this study was to investigate the seasonal and spatial variations in the concentrations of a widely used organophosphorous pesticide (OPP), diazinon, and the associated risk posed by this OPP in the surface water from the three largest rivers located in the northern province of Iran: the Haraz, the Talar and the Babolrood rivers. These rivers are located in the agriculture province of Mazandaran, and are exposed to high doses of organophosphorus pesticides, especially diazinon. The concentration of diazinon was determined using gas chromatography, while the potential risk posed by diazinon was elucidated using a Risk Quotient (RQ) calculated for general (RQm) and worst-case (RQex) scenarios. The obtained results demonstrated that the average diazinon concentrations ranged from 41 ± 76 ng/L in the Talar River and 57 ± 116 ng/L in the Haraz River, to 76.5 ± 145 ng/L in the Babolrood River, with a significant difference noted between summer and autumn seasons for all three rivers. For some stations, the concentration of diazinon is higher than the standard guidelines of Australian/New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality (FMWQ) and the United States Criteria Maximum Concentration (CMC). The calculated RQs indicated a medium risk of diazinon, RQm = 0.73 and RQex = 2.27, in the Talar River; RQm = 1.02 and RQex = 2.49 in the Haraz River; and RQm = 1.35 and RQex = 4.54 in the Babolrood River. The overall exposure of diazinon was defined to have a high risk (RQm and RQex > 1); however, the summer sampling revealed a high risk (RQm and RQex > 1), while the autumn had a medium risk (RQm and RQex < 1). The obtained results revealed not only elevated concentrations of diazinon in the studied rivers but most importantly the high risk posed by this OPP for the aquatic organisms and the wellbeing of the whole river ecosystem. The current study showed that development and implementation of appropriate standards and regulations toward diazinon in countries such as Iran are required to reduce the pollution levels and risks related to elevated concentrations of the studied pesticide.

scholarly journals Serological Investigation of Peste Des Petits Ruminants in East Shewa and Arsi Zones, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getachew Gari ◽  
Biressaw Serda ◽  
Dejene Negesa ◽  
Fethu Lemma ◽  
Hagos Asgedom
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Important Disease

Peste des petits ruminant (PPR) is an economically important disease of small ruminants with a rapidly expanding geographical distribution. There are fragmented reports to the occurrence and distribution of the disease in Ethiopia. A total of 700 serum samples were collected from goats and sheep to detect the presence of antibody against PPR virus using Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (C-ELISA). An overall PPR seropositivity was reported to be 48.43% in the area. There is no statistically significant difference in the seroprevalence of the disease between sheep and goats (50.85% and 46.68%), respectively. However, there was statistically significant variation (P<0.05) in the seroprevalence of the disease in young (33.9%) and adult (55.8%) age categories. The seroprevalence in male and female was 42.07% and 50.09%, respectively, where the variation was statistically not significant (P>0.05). High seroprevalence of Peste des petites ruminants in the study area indicated the virus circulation and endemicity of the disease. The disease causes substantial economic losses by affecting the livelihood of the farmers. Therefore, control measures should be put in place to minimize the loss associated with the disease.

scholarly journals Age Related Variation in Feminine Handwriting among Population Groups of Delhi, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Vijit Deepani ◽  
A.K Kapoor ◽  
Monika Saini
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Related Variation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Micro Features ◽  
Lower Loop

Background: Handwriting is a uniquely human trait which progresses and evolves during lifetime and declines with age. The aim of the present paper is to assess variation in handwriting features with age among female writers of select population groups of Delhi, India (for roman script). Method: A total of 405 handwritten samples were obtained from female (n=405) writers in the age range of 14-60 years. Writers were stratified into three age groups (≤ 18 years, 19-38 years and ≥39 years) in accordance to population group. Macro- and micro-features of handwriting were extracted from the scanned handwritten samples. These features were subjected to statistical analysis in the objective driven research. Result: The mean difference among age groups for pen pressure, height of handwriting and handwriting connectivity was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Significant difference was also observed among age groups for all micro-features of handwriting selected in the present study, namely, nature of ‘i’ – dot (p < 0.001), nature of lower loop of ‘g’ (p < 0.01); nature of‘d’- stem (p < 0.01), nature of ‘m’-hump (p < 0.05) and ‘r’- shape (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The present study showed that there was a significant variation in both macro- and micro- features of handwriting with respect to age of the writer. Pen pressure, height of handwriting and handwriting connectivity were prominent macro-features that addressed age related variation in handwriting. In addition, significant variation was observed among age groups for all micro-features of handwriting selected in the present study. The present study has immense forensic significance as it can assist to analyze age of the writer on the basis of handwriting characteristics.

scholarly journals Mostar university students' self-assessment of lifelong learning competencies

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-93
Author(s):  
Anita Klapan ◽  
Marija Šaravanja ◽  
Marijeta Mašić
Keyword(s):  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Professional Orientation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Key Competencies ◽  
Learning Competencies ◽  
The University

The introductory part of this paper defines the concept of lifelong learning and describes the key competencies for lifelong learning as defined by the European Union. The empirical part of the paper outlines the results of the research on students’ self-assessment of lifelong learning competencies. The goal of the research was to re-evaluate students’ self-assessment of lifelong learning competencies and to establish whether or not there is a significant difference in attitudes towards the usage and assessment of lifelong learning competencies among students of various study programmes. The research was conducted on the student population at the University of Mostar (N=283). The principal research findings suggest that various study groups of students provide various assessments of lifelong learning competencies, depending on their professional orientation.

scholarly journals Comparison of anticoagulant rodenticide concentrations in liver and feces from apparently healthy red foxes

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 560-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin O. Seljetun ◽  
Morten Sandvik ◽  
Vigdis Vindenes ◽  
Elin Eliassen ◽  
Elisabeth L. Øiestad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Methods ◽  
Fecal Analysis ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Residue Levels ◽  
Good Concordance ◽  
Lethal Means ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Exposure of wildlife and domestic animals to anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) is a worldwide concern, but few methods exist to determine residue levels in live animals. Traditional liver detection methods preclude determining exposure in live wildlife. To determine the value of assessing AR exposure by fecal analysis, we compared fecal and liver residues of ARs in the same animals. We collected liver and fecal samples from 40 apparently healthy red foxes ( Vulpes vulpes) potentially exposed to ARs, and quantified brodifacoum, bromadiolone, coumatetralyl, difenacoum, difethialone, and flocoumafen residues by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Residues of ARs were detected in 53% of the fecal samples and 83% of the liver samples. We found good concordance between AR residues in feces and liver for coumatetralyl, difenacoum, and difethialone. Bromadiolone occurred in significantly greater frequency in livers compared to feces, but no significant difference in concentration between feces and liver in individual foxes could be detected. Brodifacoum displayed a significant difference in concentration and occurrence of positive samples between liver and feces. Our findings demonstrate that fecal analysis of ARs provides a feasible and valuable non-lethal means of determine AR exposure in live wildlife.

scholarly journals Beliefs About Medicines: Differences in cholesterol treatment adherence among the Visegrad countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Boruzs ◽  
Z Fekete ◽  
V Dombrádi ◽  
G Bányai ◽  
A Nagy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering ◽  
Development Fund ◽  
Lipid Lowering Drugs ◽  
Beliefs About Medicines ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cholesterol Guidelines ◽  
Visegrad Group

Abstract Background Raised cholesterol is a risk factor for cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases. New cholesterol guidelines highlight more personalized risk assessments and new cholesterol-lowering drugs for people at the highest risk for cardiovascular disease. Methods The aim of our study was to investigate the possible differences in the beliefs about the necessity and concerns regarding lipid-lowering drugs among the Visegrad Group countries. For this the Beliefs About Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ-Specific) was used. The statistical analyses included 235 Czech, 205 Hungarian, 200 Polish, and 200 Slovak respondents, all of who were taking cholesterol lowering drugs. Results After comparing the answers of the citizens of the Visegrad Group countries, no statistically significant difference could be found regarding the concerns about the lipid-lowering drugs. However, related to the beliefs in necessity, a significant difference was shown between Poland and Hungary for the benefit of Polish participants. These results suggest, that the citizens of Visegrad Group countries do not differ regarding their beliefs about the fear of the treatment, while the beliefs about benefits are the most emphasized among the Polish citizens and less among the Hungarian citizens. Conclusions While policy makers in the Visegrad Group countries can use the same strategy to address the concerns regarding cholesterol lowering medication, the reasons behind the difference in the beliefs in necessity should be further investigated in order to implement country specific interventions. The research was funded by the GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00005 project which is co-financed by the European Union under the European Regional Development Fund. Key messages No differences exist regarding the concerns for cholesterol lowering medication among the Visegrad Group countries. Concerning necessity significant differences were observed among the same countries, which prompts further research questions.

scholarly journals Inequalities in Suicide Rates in the European Union's Elderly: Trends and Impact of Macro-Socioeconomic Factors between 1980 and 2006

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Innamorati ◽  
Antonino Tamburello ◽  
David Lester ◽  
Mario Amore ◽  
Paolo Girardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
New Members ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
New Eu Members ◽  
The Eu

Objective: To study suicide rates in elderly people in the former European Community, known as the European Union (EU) since late 1993, to identify differences between early members (admitted to the EU before 2004) and new members (admitted after 2004), and to evaluate the association between macro-socioeconomic variables and suicide rates. Method: We explored temporal trends in age-adjusted suicide rates for people aged 65 years and older residing in the EU from 1980 to 2006. Results: In the years examined in the study, there has been a general decrease in suicide rates in new and early members of the EU, although more slowly for elderly men than for women. The decrease in suicide rates of citizens aged 65 years and older was associated with a small but significant difference between new and early members of the EU (RR = 1.04, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.05; z = 11.95, P < 0.001). The macro-socioeconomic indices were strongly associated with age-adjusted suicide rates in EU senior citizens, except unemployment rates. Conclusions: Deaths by suicide in elderly people are declining in all EU nations, but inequalities in the suicide rates of men and women remain, especially in new EU members.

scholarly journals Organochlorine and Organophosphonis Pesticide Residues in Food from Egyptian Local Markets

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 949-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salwa M Dogheim ◽  
Sohair A Gad Alla ◽  
Sami M A El-Syes ◽  
Monir M Almaz ◽  
Emel Y Salama
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticide ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Maximum Residue Limits ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
Agricultural Use

Abstract A market basket survey was conducted to monitor organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues in potatoes, citrus fruits, and fish collected from local Egyptian markets. Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) of the Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues for γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) in potatoes were exceeded in 8 samples and for DDT in 2 samples. The aging of HCH and DDT indicated a recent use of both pesticides during the potato storage period between cultivation seasons. However, such use is illegal because HCH mixture isomers (gammaxane) and DDT have been officially prohibited from agricultural use in Egypt since 1980. The highest residue levels of fenitrothion (3.8 ppm) in potatoes may be due to its repeated use before and after harvest. No organochlorine pesticide residues were found in citrus fruits. None of the detected organophosphorus pesticides exceeded their MRLs. HCH and DDT residue limits were exceeded in 5 and 7 fish samples, respectively, collected from 12 markets throughout the country. The heptachlor MRL was violated in only one fish sample (3.9 ppm).

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