scholarly journals COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF COMMERCIAL SERODIAGNOSTIC TESTS FOR THE SEROPREVALENCE STUDY OF BRUCELLOSIS IN STRAY DOGS IN BANGLADESH

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
BC Talukder ◽  
MA Samad ◽  
AKMA Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Canine Brucellosis ◽  
A Prospective Study

A prospective study of Brucella sero-prevalence was conducted in 30 stray dogs in Mymensingh Municipal Corporation area of Bangladesh during the period from January to December 2009. All the sera were screened primarily by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT). Positive, doubtful and negative serum samples were further confirmed with Slow Agglutination Test (SAT), Standard Tube Agglutination Test (STAT) and indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and all the SAT, STAT and ELISA negative samples were confirmed as negative. The sensitivity of RBPT, SAT and STAT was found to be of 100%, 66.67% and 66.67% with considering ELISA as a standard test while specificity was found to be of 96.29%, 100% and 100% in stray dogs. This indicates that the SAT and STAT are found more specific than RBPT. Evaluation of comparison of sero-prevalence rates of canine brucellosis with the four sero-tests advocated to use ELISA for diagnosis of canine brucellosis. The overall sero-prevalence of canine brucellosis was recorded as 13.33%, 6.67%, 6.67% and 10.0% with RBPT, SAT, STAT and ELISA, respectively. Sero-results have analyzed on the basis of two age groups (up to 6 months and 7 to 36 months) and sex (male and female). Significantly (p<0.01) higher sero-prevalence rate of canine brucellosis was recorded in stray dogs aged between 7 to 36 months (14.81%, 7.40%, 7.40% and 11.11%) in comparison to aged group up to 6 months ( 0%, 0%, 0% and 0% ) with RBPT, SAT, STAT and ELISA, respectively. The sero-prevalence rate of canine brucellosis was found significantly (p <0.01) higher in female dogs (15.78%, 10.52%, 10.52% and 15.78%) in comparison to male (9.09%, 0%, 0% and 0%) with RBPT, SAT, STAT and ELISA, respectively. It appears from this study that brucellosis is an endemic disease and measures are needed to reduce this high prevalence of canine brucellosis in Bangladesh.DOI = http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v9i1.11217 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2011). 9(1): 79-83 

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among indian people living in Iauareté, São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Amazonas, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio Neves Bóia ◽  
Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa ◽  
Fernando Campos Sodré ◽  
Gloria Maria Trindade Pinto ◽  
Maria Regina Reis Amendoeira
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Indian People ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

The goal of this survey was to estimate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Iauareté, a multiethnic Indian community in the upper Rio Negro basin. We carried out a cross-sectional survey (n = 260), in order to obtain serum samples and demographic data. The sample was randomly selected, by family conglomerate analysis. Serodiagnosis was performed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect immunofluorescence. Prevalence of reactivity was 73.5% (191/260), being higher in the older-age groups, reaching 95.7% (44/46) in the group aged 50 years or more. The majority of seropositive subjects had titers equal to or less than 1:64. Seroprevalence was greater in Indians belonging to the Hupda ethnic group (p = 0.03). According to the present survey, Indian people living in Iauareté have a high prevalence of antibodies to T. gondii. Demographic concentration and urbanization within low sanitation and poor hygiene backgrounds, as well as unfiltered water consumption, may be related to the high frequency of T. gondii seroprevalence observed in the studied area.

scholarly journals Prevalence of feline coronavirus antibodies in cats in Bursa province, Turkey, by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 881-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annamaria Pratelli ◽  
Kadir Yesilbag ◽  
Marcello Siniscalchi ◽  
Ebru Yalçm ◽  
Zeki Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
High Association ◽  
Gold Standard Test ◽  
Feline Coronavirus

Feline sera from Bursa province (Turkey) were assayed for coronavirus antibody using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The study was performed on 100 sera collected from cats belonging to catteries or community shelters and to households. The serum samples were initially tested with the virus neutralisation (VN) test and the results were then compared with the ELISA. The VN yielded 79 negative and 21 positive sera but the ELISA confirmed only 74 as negative. The ELISA-negative sera were also found to be free of feline coronoviruses-specific antibodies by Western blotting. Using the VN as the gold standard test, ELISA had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 93.6%, with an overall agreement of 95%. The Kappa (κ) test indicated high association between the two tests (κ=0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.743–0.980). The positive predictive value (PPV) was 0.8, and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 0.93. The prevalence of FCoV II antibodies in the sampled population based on the gold standard was 62% (95% CI 0.44–0.77) among multi-cat environments, and 4% (95% CI 0.01–0.11) among single cat households.

scholarly journals Specificity and Prevalence of Natural Bovine Antimannan Antibodies

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 946-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhay Srinivasan ◽  
Yawei Ni ◽  
Ian Tizard
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Carbohydrate Components ◽  
A Minor

ABSTRACT Immune responses to the carbohydrate components of microorganisms, mediated both by antibodies and by lectins, are an important part of host defense. In the present experiments, the specificity and presence of natural bovine antibodies against mannan, a common fungal antigen, were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), usingSaccharomyces cerevisiae mannan as an antigen. The results showed that all serum samples from animals of three age groups (newborn, calf, and adult) tested contained antimannan antibodies, and the titer of these antibodies increased significantly in adults. However, titers among individual adult cattle differed widely. Inhibition assays showed that yeast mannan was the strongest inhibitor.d-Mannose exhibited only a minor inhibitory effect at high concentrations. This suggests that most of these antibodies recognize an oligosaccharide-based epitope(s) different from those recognized by lectins. Cattle possess three serum C-type lectins (collectins) capable of recognizing mannan in a calcium-dependent manner. Addition of EDTA to the reaction did not reduce antibody binding, suggesting that the binding of these antibodies to mannan was not affected by the presence of collectin. The antibodies purified from either calf or adult serum by mannan-Sepharose affinity chromatography consisted of mainly immunoglobulin G (IgG) and a smaller amount of IgM. IgG1 was shown to be the dominant antimannan IgG isotype by isotype-specific ELISA. Together, these results demonstrate the production of natural antimannan antibodies in cattle in an age-dependent manner. These antibodies might be involved in defending the host against mannan-containing pathogens as a specific line of defense in conjunction with the innate response by lectins.

scholarly journals Sero-prevalence of Leptospira spp. in Household and Stray Dogs by Microscopic Agglutination Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Ali Shabestari Asl ◽  
Mohammad Bafandehzendeh ◽  
Gholamreza Abdollahpoor
Keyword(s):  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Microscopic Agglutination Test ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Leptospira Serovars ◽  
Micro Organisms

Background: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of worldwide significance in human beings and many animals. This zoonotic disease causes infection in dogs and other pet animals and these animals can influence human’s health. Given the unknown prevalence of leptospirosis in dogs in our area, this study was performed to investigate the sero-epidemiology of leptospirosis and evaluate the seroprevalence of Leptospira serovars in both household and stray dogs by microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Methods: Serum samples of 90 dogs in two household and stray groups (45 dogs for each group) were collected. Specimens were examined by MAT (in accordance with the procedure recommended by WHO) against antigens of serovars Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona, Hardjo, Autumnalis, and Ballum. Results: In total, 6.7% of (n=6) dogs (1 stray and 5 household dogs) had a serum titer of 1:100 or more against Leptospira serovars. Dominant serovars were Canicola (8.9%), Grippotyphosa (2.2%), and Pomona (2.2%), respectively. The antibody titer against more than one serovar was observed only in one dog. The sero-prevalence was 11.1% in household dogs and 2.2% in stray dogs. Since 4 pet dogs had been vaccinated recently, it seems that the actual percentage of infection in household dogs must be just 2.2% and actual infection in dogs including stray dogs is approximately 4.4% in Tabriz. Conclusion: Fortunately, the rate of infection in Tabriz is low and this can be due to special geographical and climatic conditions, regular and annual vaccination of household dogs against this disease, and lack of suitable conditions for the growth and survival of such micro-organisms in the environment

scholarly journals Detection of avian reovirus antibodies in layer birds of small scale commercial farms in Dinajpur district of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 612-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdus Salam ◽  
Md Atiqul Haque ◽  
Md Mostafizer Rahman ◽  
Mir Rowshan Akter ◽  
Farzana Afroz
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Avian Reovirus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Aged Group ◽  
Test Kit

The present study was conducted on layer birds of different age groups to determine specific antibody titer level against avian reovirus (ARV) by indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) at Dinajpur district of Bangladesh. This study showed that ARV specific antibody positive cases were 84 out of 90 blood serum samples and the highest antibody titer was 26120 and lowest antibody titer was 288. The total 93.33% sera samples were showed positive result. The study showed that 100% sera sample were positive against ARV at 6 weeks of aged group and the highest, lowest and mean antibody titer were 13917, 4895 and 10269 respectively. On the other hand 88.88% sera sample were positive against ARV at 10 weeks of aged group and the highest, lowest and mean antibody titer were 9779, 288 and 5689.89 respectively. The sera sample collected from 14 weeks of aged group showed 88.88% positive and the highest, lowest and mean antibody titer were 11727, 871 and 5250 respectively. The sera sample collected from 18 weeks of aged group showed 88.88% positive against ARV and the highest, lowest and mean antibody titer were 24440, 1234 and 12648.89 respectively. The sera sample collected from 22 weeks of aged group were 100% positive against ARV and the highest, lowest and mean antibody titer were 26120, 1752 and 11373.89 respectively. The sera sample collected from 26 weeks of aged group showed 100% positive against ARV and the highest, lowest and mean antibody titer were 8566, 1630 and 4327.44 respectively. The sera sample collected from 30 weeks of aged group showed 100% positive against ARV and the highest, lowest and mean antibody titer were 13431, 1989 and 5890.56 respectively. The sera sample collected from 40 weeks of aged group showed 77.77% positive against ARV and the highest, lowest and mean antibody titer were 14618, 433 and 5103.22 respectively. The sera sample collected from 48 weeks of aged group showed 88.88% positive against ARV and the highest, lowest and mean antibody titer were 14553, 957 and 7436.5 respectively. In conclusion it is evident that avian reovirus-specific antibody was successfully detected through commercially available avian reovirus antibody test kit (ELISA kit) and the virus induced a significant antibody titer indicating the affecting virus was absolutely ARV.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 612-621

scholarly journals Prevalence of Mansonella ozzardi among riverine communities in the municipality of Lábrea, State of Amazonas, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jansen Fernandes Medeiros ◽  
Victor Py-Daniel ◽  
Ulysses Carvalho Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Blood Smear ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Thick Blood Smear ◽  
High Prevalence

INTRODUCTION: Estimate the prevalence of Mansonella ozzardi infection and calculate the parasitic infection rate (PIR) in simuliid black flies in the municipality of Lábrea, State of Amazonas, Brazil. METHODS: Prevalence was measured using the thick blood smear method collected from the fingers and was related to age, sex and occupation. Simuliidae were collected with a suction apparatus, then stained with hematoxylin and dissected to verify the PIR. RESULTS: The average prevalence rate of M. ozzardi among the 694 individuals examined was 20.7%. Infection was higher in men (27.6%) than in women (14.3%) (p < 0.001) and occurred in most age groups, with the highest prevalence in the following age groups: 38-47 (40%), 48-57 (53.1%) and >58 (60.5%). The highest prevalence rates were observed in the retired (64%), followed by farm workers (47.1%). Infection by M. ozzardi was only identified in Cerqueirellum amazonicum (Simuliidae) with a PIR of 0.6%. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a high prevalence of M. ozzardi in the riverine communities of Lábrea due to the lack of policies regarding the treatment of microfilaremic individuals in the region and an abundance of competent vectors for M. ozzardi.

Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in pet dogs and cats in Beijing, China

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhai Yu ◽  
Jun Ding ◽  
Zhaofei Xia ◽  
Degui Lin ◽  
Yili Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Latex Agglutination Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Pet Dogs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Beijing China

AbstractSera from 534 pet dogs and 335 pet cats from Beijing (China) were tested for anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or the latex agglutination test. The seropositivity by year, season, sex and age was analysed. Overall, 128 dogs (24.0%) and 50 cats (14.9%) had antibodies to T. gondii. When analysed by season, the highest seroprevalence was found in spring for dogs (31.3%) and cats (25.1%), and the differences in seroprevalence by season was statistically significant in cats (P<0.01) but not in dogs. The seroprevalence in male dogs (23.7%) and cats (15.1%) were slightly higher than their female counterparts (18.0% in dogs and 12.3% in cats). There was no obvious pattern of seropositivity or significant difference in different age groups in dogs or cats; nonetheless, a high proportion of dogs at 4 years of age were positive to T. gondii (31.8%) while cats with relatively high seropositivity rates were at 1 or 3.4 years of age (13.14%).

scholarly journals Immunoglobulin G, A and M Light Chain Ratio in Children

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Á Haraldsson ◽  
C M R Weemaes ◽  
M J H Kock-Jansen ◽  
P B J M v Eck-Arts ◽  
T de Boo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Light Chain ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Λ Light Chain

Values for the κ/λ light chain ratio in immunoglobulins G, A and M and the total κ/λ ratio, measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, were evaluated in serum samples from different age groups (114 children, aged from 1 month to 15 years, and 20 adults). The IgG κ/λ ratio decreased in the first 6 months and subsequently increased slowly during childhood towards the adult value of 2·0. The IgM κ/λ ratio increased at a greater rate than IgG κ/λ ratio in the first years of life and thereafter rose slightly throughout childhood to reach an adult value of 1·7. A decreasing IgA κ/λ ratio was found from 1 month of age onwards to an adult value of 1·1. The pattern of total κ/λ ratio was similar to the IgG κ/λ ratio with an adult value of 2·0.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Clinical Presentation of Chikungunya Virus Infection among Febrile Outpatients Seeking Health Care in Mzuzu City, Malawi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flywell Kawonga ◽  
Gerald Misinzo ◽  
Dylo Pemba ◽  
Leonard Mboera ◽  
Isaac Thom Shawa
Keyword(s):  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igm Antibodies

Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV. We conducted this study determine the seroprevalence and clinical presentation of Chikungunya infection among outpatients seeking healthcare in Mzuzu City, Malawi. Blood samples were collected from malaria negative and non-septic febrile outpatients with fevers &ge;38 &deg;C, for not more than 5 days. The enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was used to detect anti-CHIKV IgM antibodies and its results were used to determine seroprevalence of Chikungunya. A total of 119 serum samples were tested, of these, 73 (61.3%) tested positive for anti-CHIKV IgM antibodies by ELISA. Laboratory requisition forms were used to capture demographic information such as age, sex, clinical signs and symptoms presented by the enrolled patients. Age groups of 1-9, 10- 19, 20- 29, 30- 39, 40- 49, and &ge;50 years had 17.8% (n= 13), 12.3 %,( n=9), 15.1%) (n=11), 19.2%; (n=14), 17.8% (n=13) and 17.8% (n=13) proportion of seroprevalence respectively. Most of the CHIKV infected individuals presented with fever (52.05%), joint pain (45.21%) and abdominal pain (42.67%). The presence of anti- CHIKV IgM antibodies suggest the presence of recent CHIKV infection and therefore accurate laboratory assays are highly recommended for CHIKV diagnosis and appropriate management of febrile patients.

scholarly journals Investigations of spread of canine Brucellosis caused by Brucella canis in territory of Municipality of Pozarevac

2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 337-344
Author(s):  
Slobodan Zivojinovic ◽  
Sonja Radojicic ◽  
Milena Zivojinovic ◽  
Jasmina Kircanski
Keyword(s):  
Positive Result ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Brucella Canis ◽  
Basic Source ◽  
Canine Brucellosis ◽  
Fetal Organs ◽  
Serum Agglutination

The paper examines the presence and distribution of infections caused by Brucella canis in different categories of dogs in the territory of the Municipality of Pozarevac. A total of 151 dogs were examined, and 74 blood serums originated from dogs of known owners and 77 from stray dogs. The investigations were carried out also on 40 samples of full blood of stray dogs, as well as fetal organs and reproductive organs of a serologically positive female following hysterectomy. Investigations included a clinical examination of the dogs, rapid serum agglutination, slow serum agglutination, and isolation of the cause. In all the examined dogs, the rapid agglutination test gave a positive result in 16.55% of the examined samples, the slow agglutination test 11.25%, which is an extremely high percentage in comparison with other regions of our country. Therapy using antibiotics, zoohygienic measures, castration or hysterectomy (as attempts to avoid residue and break the chain of the transfer of the infection) are conditions for out rooting the disease. Control of stray dogs is necessary, as they present the basic source of the infection. The results obtained in the course of these investigations indicate the absolute justification of including this contagious disease in the group of diseases whose reporting is compulsory.

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