scholarly journals Market Survey of Fresh and Marine Water Fishes and Socioeconomic Conditions of Fish Retailers in Three Markets of Chattagram City

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-288
Author(s):  
Dil Afroja Sultana ◽  
Munira Nasruddin ◽  
MA Azadi ◽  
Mosammat Rasheda Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Marine Water ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Transport Cost ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Income Source ◽  
Socioeconomic Condition ◽  
Education Status ◽  
The Common ◽  
Fish Marketing

The study was carried out to survey the fresh and marine water fishes sold out in three markets of Chattagram city and socioeconomic condition of the fish retailers. Overall 29 fresh water and 24 marine water fish species were found to be sold in the three markets. Prices of fishes were higher in Kazirdewri Bazar followed by Riazuddin Bazar and Bohaddarhat Bazar. Data of fish retailers were collected through questionnaires in terms of age, income source, living standards, family size, financial facilities, literacy and education. Sole income came from fish business for 97% of the fish retailers, whilst 3% of the retailers did other business as well. Among 45 retailers interviewed, 40% were below 45 years, 53% were between 45-55 years and remaining 7% were above 55 years age. For coping with the business, 15% of the retailers were self-sufficient, 53% took loan from bank, whilst 32% took loan from local money lenders. Of the fish retailers, 34% was illiterate and 66% was literate, where 36% received up to primary level, 16% secondary level, 10% S.S.C and 4% H.S.C levels of education. In comparison with their education status their children were more educated (93%). Although their income was low, they tried to make their children educated, which is a good sign for our education sector. Transport cost, unhygienic market place, lack of sanitary facilities, poor ice-supply, exploitation by the middlemen, lack of proper management, lack of capital and the political disturbances were the common constraints of fish marketing. Necessary measures were recommended to overcome these problems. Bangladesh J. Zool. 49 (2): 277-288, 2021

The Birth of Democracy

1957 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-61
Author(s):  
Christopher Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Modern World ◽  
The Political ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Modern Democracy ◽  
Common People ◽  
Considerable Difficulty ◽  
Democratic Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Revolution

The origins of modern democracy are so closely bound up with the history of liberalism that it is a matter of considerable difficulty to disentangle them and to distinguish their distinctive contributions to the common political tradition of modern Western culture. For this question also involves that of the relation between the three revolutions, the English, the American, and the French, which transformed the Europe of the ancien régime, with its absolute monarchies and state churches, into the modern world. Now all these three revolutions were liberal revolutions and all of them were political expressions of the movement of the European enlightenment in its successive phases. But this movement was not originally a democratic one and it was only in the second half of the eighteenth century that the democratic ideal was clearly formulated. On the continent of Europe the revolution of ideas preceded the political and economic revolutions by half a century, and the revolution of ideas was not in any sense of the word a democratic movement; it was the work of a small minority of men of letters who looked to the nobles and the princes of Europe rather than to the common people, and whose ideal of government was a benevolent and enlightened absolutism, like that of Frederick the Great or the Empress Catherine of Russia. There was an immense gulf between the ideas of Voltaire and Turgot, of Diderot and D'Alembert, and the opinions of the average man. The liberalism of the philosophers was a hothouse growth which could not be easily acclimatized to the open air of the fields and the market place.

scholarly journals The Association of Socioeconomic Conditions and Readiness to Learn New Ways of Performing Daily Activities in Older Adults With Functional Difficulties

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 849-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly T. Gleason ◽  
Laura N. Gitlin ◽  
Sarah L. Szanton
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Readiness To Change ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socioeconomic Condition ◽  
Behavior Change Interventions ◽  
Readiness To Adopt

Behavioral interventions for older adults can reduce difficulties in performing daily activities, hospitalizations, and mortality risk. The success of behavior change interventions, however, can be affected by a participant’s readiness to adopt changes. This study evaluates whether socioeconomic conditions, particularly financial strain affording food, are associated with readiness to change. We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive study of baseline data from disabled older adults ( N = 147) participating in an intervention to reduce physical disability. Readiness to change score was rated at the start of the intervention by interventionists as either pre-action (precontemplation = 1, contemplation = 2, preparation = 3) or action (=4). Participants reporting high financial strain affording food were more likely to have high readiness at the start of intervention; the association of this specific socioeconomic condition with readiness may be an important consideration in implementing interventions to reduce disability.

scholarly journals Wykorzystanie swobód wspólnego rynku Unii Europejskiej przez młodych Polaków

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 524-531
Author(s):  
Krystian Sowislok
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Internal Market ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Common ◽  
Work Abroad ◽  
The Eu

The internal market of the EU comprises an area with no internal borders, in which a free flow of persons, goods, services and capital has been introduced. Among the main aims of creating the common market were: lowering of prices and their turnover, an increase in availability and competitiveness of services and making unrestricted movement within the union possible. This was aimed to enhance living standards among citizens of member states.Polish citizens are now enjoying these freedoms. As a teacher of entrepreneurship, I am interested mainly in entrepreneurship among young people, and in this particular case, in the way they are taking advantage of the opportunities created by Poland’s accession to the EU. In order to become better acquainted with the opinions of young Poles’ on the above mentioned topics, a survey was conducted among my secondary school students. As a result, I learned about the plans of secondary school final year students concerning further education or the search for employment, including the possibility of finding work abroad. Similar research was conducted in 2006 and 2007, presenting the opportunity to compare the results. The most im­portant conclusions resulting from the comparison are the following: the students are closely following the economic situation of Poland and the EU, and are adapting their plans according to the changes currently taking place.

scholarly journals Psychosocial Impacts of War and Trauma in Temsula Ao’s Laburnum for My Head

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raam Kumar T. ◽  
◽  
B. Padmanabhan
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Rebel Groups ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Psychosocial Impacts ◽  
The Common ◽  
Typical Condition ◽  
North Eastern Part

Violence constantly carries trauma and suffering to combatants as well as non- combatants identically. It also brings enmity and negativity to everyone both emotionally and physically. The cause for any conflict does not emerge from single motive but depends on multiple factors like socioeconomic conditions, marginalisation, discrimination, political power and sometimes even environmental elements. In recent times, the conflicts often emerge among various regional groups rather than states. North Eastern part of India is one of the hotspots for such ethnic conflicts and violence. The major motives for bloody conflict between Indian Army and the underground armed rebels are perceived political imbalance and desire for a separate nation. Even the common civilians are forced to join the rebel groups without knowing consequences. Temsula Ao is one of the prominent English writers from Nagaland who through her moving narratives brings out the existent misery of conflict in her native land. The aim of this paper is to study the psychological impact of domestic violence over the combatants as well as non-combatants whose lives are inseparably intertwined with violence and bloodshed. Though violence is considered as typical condition of human nature most of the time it leads to unbearable trauma and misery. This paper also attempts to interpret the representation of women from the marginalised Ao community who finds difficult to preserve the customs and moral values in spite of regional revolt.

scholarly journals Present status of dried fish markets in Sylhet of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-241
Author(s):  
MM Hasan ◽  
MG Rasul ◽  
HJ Ferdausi ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
AKMA Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Present Status ◽  
Fish Distribution ◽  
Transport Cost ◽  
Retail Market ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Price Variation ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Participatory Training ◽  
Distribution Chain ◽  
Dried Fish

This study was aimed to assess the present status of retail market of dried fishery products in Sadar Upazila, Sylhet, Bangladesh during the period of January to May, 2015. A survey questionnaire was developed, pre-tested and finally used for the collection of data from 21 fish retailers from 5 different markets. It was observed that the dried fish distribution chain from producers to consumers run through a number of intermediaries: wholesalers, paikers, local vendors and retailers. The number of retailer in the markets varied between 2 to 12. A total of 22 freshwater sun dried fish products were found in the different markets of which 17 were small in size and 5 were big sized that represented 77% and 23% of market share, respectively. The price variation of the selected fish products depends on markets, species, size, quality and availability of the dried fish. The price of small dried fish species varied from BDT 300-800 per kg. The price of Punti, Tengra, Taki and Guchi baim ranged between BDT 300-400, BDT 450-500, BDT 500-600 and BDT 700-800 per kg, respectively.  It was found that the retailers usually sell their products within 5-7 days after collection from the aratdars and they do not use any preservatives or insecticides within this period. It was also found that a retailer usually sell up to 10 kg of dried fish products per day in a larger market whereas in a smaller market it was about 4 kg per day. Lack of capital, higher transport cost, inadequate storage facilities and unhygienic market place were the major constraints as claimed by the retailers. The constraints identified in this study could be solved by providing participatory training for the producers to produce good quality products, providing loan facilities to poor retailers, ensuring proper marketing facilities and introducing modern packaging techniques to increase the shelf life of dried fish products.Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 235-241, 2016

Market Receptiveness and Product Positioning Model of Chinese Firms in Emerging Markets

2016 ◽  
pp. 99-119
Author(s):  
Olukayode Ojo Iwaloye ◽  
Guicheng James Shi
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Product Positioning ◽  
Chinese Firms ◽  
Common Structure ◽  
Research Interview ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Performance

This study looks into the common strategic moves of Chinese firms to create appeal for their products in emerging markets. The focus is on the common competitive factors that make them to have high rate of success and prosperity compared to first movers firms from advanced markets in developing countries marketplace. Past studies showed that a firm without established brands, technology knowhow and management capabilities are likely to face with survival and performance problems, and may also reduce the firm's strategic options and growth opportunities in developing economies. Chinese firms are known to lack established brands and important core capabilities but have been able to demonstrate a unique trend in emerging countries market place. They have a common structure and trend in the ways Chinese firms create appeal to users and potential buyers in emerging market environment. This present research explored the situation with case research interview of seven Chinese firms in Nigeria.

Shape Commonalization to Develop Common Platform for Product Family

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagar Chowdhury ◽  
Zahed Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Product Family ◽  
Product Platform ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Cad Models ◽  
Platform Development ◽  
The Common ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Challenging Situation ◽  
Commonality Index ◽  
Common Platform

Current market place is highly competitive and frequently changing, to survive companies need to quickly respond to the customers’ requirements. This challenging situation demands a robust platform design and development process to produce variety of products in the shortest possible time. The common components for a set of similar products under a family can be grouped into a common platform. Development of product platform requires measuring the similarity among a set of products. This paper presents an approach to measure the similarity among a set of CAD models of products to develop a common product platform. The measured similarity of geometries can allow designers to identify components that have the potential to be included in the common platform. The degree of similarity is determined by extracting the information and developing a suitable commonality index for a set of CAD models. The commonality index values are then used to determine the common platform for a set of assembly products by developing and calculating the Average Assembly Platform index value. The overall approach is followed by two case studies: Cell Phone casing models and Vacuum Cleaner models.

scholarly journals STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN HUTAN MANGROVE DI KECAMATAN JORONG KABUPATEN TANAH LAUT KABUPATEN KALIMANTAN SELATAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Aldha Alfian Noer Dwi ◽  
Abdi Fithria ◽  
Kissinger Kissinger
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
The Common

Mangrove forests in South Kalimantan have been converted into fish ponds, settlements, ports and other uses. The condition of damaged mangrove forests is very alarming. The purpose of this study is to formulate a development and conservation strategy for mangrove forests in Jorong District. This research uses interviews, direct observation in the field to analyze the factors that cause mangrove damage, descriptive analysis through the In depth interview approach with key information about to formulate a strategy for developing and conserving mangrove forests in Jorong District. The results of changes in the distribution and extent of mangroves decreased from 2010 (2.324 ha) to 2020 (1.665 ha). The dynamics of mangrove damage are caused by mining activities and oil palm company expansion. The formulation of the strategy is socialization to the community related to the development of mangrove forests that contribute to high biota, the concept of developing mangrove ecotourism to improve the living standards of the poor, applying the pattern of developing mangrove forests for the common good.

scholarly journals Common Forest, Private Timber: Managing the Commons in the Italian Alps

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Giacomo Bonan ◽  
Claudio Lorenzini
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Benefit ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Italian Alps ◽  
Mountain Communities ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Timber Trade ◽  
The Common ◽  
Strategic Relationships

Abstract The two key stakeholders in the commercial exploitation of the common woodlands in the eastern Italian Alps from the fifteenth to the eighteenth century were the mountain communities, which had ownership or right of use of the woodlands, and the timber merchants, who had the capital and skills to transform those woodlands into valuable commodities. A long-term perspective on the business of cutting, transporting, and marketing timber reveals the networks, strategic relationships, and complex socioeconomic conditions that emerged from the collaboration of local populations and outside interests in the timber trade for their mutual benefit.

scholarly journals Clinical study on chronic suppurative otitis media with cholesteatoma

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Yousuf ◽  
Khorshed A Majumder ◽  
Akter Kamal ◽  
Ahmed M Shumon ◽  
Yeahyea Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Early Referral ◽  
Socioeconomic Condition ◽  
Etiological Factors ◽  
Medical College

Objectives: To find out different etio-pathological factors of the disease and also to rise awareness among all levels of medical practitioners and thus decrease missing of diagnosis by early referral, appropriate surgical intervention, and thereby reduce morbidity and mortality of the patient. Methods: A total of 100 patients with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) were collected from the department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) and Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital Dhaka from January 2003 to February 2004. Patients having CSOM with definitive cholesteatoma with or without complications were included in this study in different age & sex belong to different socioeconomic conditions. Results: One hundred patients of CSOM with cholesteatoma had been included in this study to see the various aspects of the disease with particular attention to know the etiopathology of CSOM with cholesteatoma with or without complications in our perspective. One hundred patients of different age and sex belonging to different socioeconomic conditions were examined meticulously under magnification and investigated as per protocol. The study shows poverty, illiteracy, overcrowding, living in slum with kuntcha floor, bathing in ponds and river with the habit of swimming are the main etiological factors. The study also shows ignorance about primary health care and grave consequences of the disease, nonavailability of trained doctors in the vicinity are also responsible for the development of disease and its complications. Conclusion: The study concluded that by avoiding etiological factors, improving socioeconomic condition & literacy status and by providing trained doctors in the rural areas, the development of the disease & its complications can be reduced and thus saves thousands of lives with early referral and early surgical intervention. Key words: Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media; Cholesteatoma. DOI: 10.3329/bjo.v17i1.7627 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2011; 17(1): 42-47

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