scholarly journals Colibacillosis in commercial chickens in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Khaton ◽  
MG Haider ◽  
PK Paul ◽  
PM Das ◽  
MM Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Nutrient Broth ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Focal Necrosis ◽  
Air Sacs ◽  
Apparently Healthy ◽  
Commercial Chickens

The prevalence of colibacillosis in layer chickens was studied from May to September 2007. Sixty five cloacal swabs from apparently healthy birds and 55 swabs of liver (n=15), lung (n=15) and intestine (n=25) from 30 dead birds were collected in sterile nutrient broth, with histopathological samples. Bacteria were isolated and identified. Tissue samples were studied under light microscope. Escherichia coli (E. coli) was isolated from 83% of cloacal swabs of apparently healthy chickens and 87% of samples from dead birds. Affected birds had cloudy thickened air sacs, pericarditis, congestion in the liver, lung and spleen. On histopathological examination focal necrosis in liver and infiltration of heterophils, lymphocytes and macrophages in liver and lung was found. Thickening of pericardium was found due to infiltration of reticulo endothelial (RE) cells. In duodenum, severe infiltration of leukocytes mainly heterophils, lymphocytes and macrophages was found in the sub-mucosa. DOI: 10.3329/bvet.v25i1.4614 Bangl. vet. 2008. Vol. 25, No. 1, 17-24

scholarly journals Investigation of multidrug-resistant fatal colisepticaemia in weanling pigs

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Folorunso O. Fasina ◽  
Dauda G. Bwala ◽  
Evelyn Madoroba
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
South African ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Future Management

Escherichia coli is usually a benign commensal of the gut microflora. However, when E. coli acquires virulence genes it can multiply rapidly and cause disease through colonisation of the intestinal mucosa. Escherichia coli can become a significant pathogen in young pigs. We report an investigation of fatal colisepticaemia in weanling pigs from emerging farms where piglets and weaners were diarrhoeic and the mortality rate ranged between 15% and 70% in each litter. Faecal and tissue samples were processed for histopathology, bacteriology and molecular biology (multiplex and monoplex polymerase chain reaction) and we recovered enteroaggregative multidrug-resistant E. coli producing EAST-1 enterotoxin. An association between poor housing conditions and the observed cases was established and future management programmes were recommended to reduce the impact of such pathogens. Enteroaggregative E. coli is becoming a major problem in the pig industry. It therefore becomes necessary to establish the full impact of E. coli on the South African pig industry and to determine the geographic extent of the problem.

scholarly journals Prevalence and molecular detection of fluoroquinolone-resistant genes (qnrA and qnrS) in Escherichia coli isolated from healthy broiler chickens

2018 ◽  
pp. 1720-1724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahin Mahmud ◽  
K. H. M. Nazmul Hussain Nazir ◽  
Md. Tanvir Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pcr Targeting ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Aim: The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence and molecular detection of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli carrying qnrA and qnrS genes in healthy broiler chickens in Mymensingh, Bangladesh, and also to identify the genes responsible for such resistance. Materials and Methods: A total of 65 cloacal swabs were collected from apparently healthy chickens of 0-14 days (n=23) and 15-35 days (n=42) old. The samples were cultured onto Eosin Methylene Blue Agar, and the isolation and identification of the E. coli were performed based on morphology, cultural, staining, and biochemical properties followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting E. coli 16S rRNA genes. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test against five commonly used antibiotics under fluoroquinolone (quinolone) group, namely gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ofloxacin, and pefloxacin by disk diffusion method. Detection of qnrA and qnrS genes was performed by PCR. Results: Among the 65 cloacal samples, 54 (83.08%) were found to be positive for E. coli. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that, of these 54 isolates, 18 (33.33%) were found to be resistant to at least one fluoroquinolone antibiotic. The highest resistance was observed against pefloxacin (61.11%). By PCR, of 18 E. coli resistant to fluoroquinolone, 13 (72.22%) were found to be positive for the presence of qnrS. None of the isolates were found positive for qnrA. Conclusion: Fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli harboring qnrS genes is highly prevalent in apparently healthy broiler chickens and possesses a potential threat to human health.

Differentiation of Viable and Dead Escherichia coli O157:H7 Cells on and in Apple Structures and Tissues following Chlorine Treatment

2002 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
SCOTT L. BURNETT ◽  
LARRY R. BEUCHAT
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sytox Green ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Nucleic Acid Stain ◽  
Protective Structures

Confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) was used to differentiate viable and nonviable cells of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on and in raw apple tissues following treatment with water and 200 or 2,000 ppm active chlorine solution. Whole unwaxed Red Delicious cultivar apples at 25°C were inoculated by dipping in a suspension of E. coli O157:H7 (8.48 log10 CFU/ml) at 4°C, followed by treatment in water or chlorine solution at 21°C for 2 min. The dead cells on and in apples were distinguished from live cells by treating tissue samples with SYTOX green nucleic acid stain. Viable and dead cells were then labeled with an antibody conjugated with a fluorescent dye (Alexa Fluor 594). The percentage of viable cells on the apple surface, as well as at various depths in surface and internal structures, was determined. The mean percentages of viable cells located at the sites after treatment with water or chlorinated water were in the following order, which also reflects the order of protection against inactivation: floral tube wall (20.5%) > lenticels (15.0%) > damaged cuticle surrounding puncture wounds (13.0%) > intact cuticle (8.1%). The location of viable cells within tissues was dependent on the structure. Except for lenticels, the percentage of viable cells increased as depth into the CSLM stacks increased, indicating that cells attached to subsurface structures were better protected against inactivation with chlorine than were cells located on exposed surfaces. Further research is warranted to investigate the efficacy of other chemical sanitizers, as well as that of surfactants and solvents in combination with sanitizers, in removing or killing E. coli O157:H7 lodged in protective structures on the surface and within tissues of apples.

Inactivation of Escherichia coli by Ultrasound Combined with Nisin

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 993-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZUWEN WANG ◽  
XIUFANG BI ◽  
RUI XIANG ◽  
LIYI CHEN ◽  
XIAOPING FENG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Nutrient Broth ◽  
Inactivation Kinetics ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Inactivation Effect

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the inactivation of nonpathogenic Escherichia coli in nutrient broth and milk through the use of either ultrasound (US) alone or US combined with nisin (US + nisin) treatments. The E. coli cells were treated at 0 to 55°C, 242.04 to 968.16 W/cm2 for 0 to 15 min. The results showed that the inactivation of E. coli by US and US + nisin increased when the temperature, US power density, and treatment time were increased. The inactivation kinetics of E. coli in nutrient broth by US and US + nisin both conformed to linear models. The largest reductions of 2.89 and 2.93 log cycles by US and US + nisin, respectively, were achieved at 968.16 W/cm2 and at 25°C for 15 min. The suspension media of the E. coli cells influenced the inactivation effect of US, while the growth phases of E. coli cells did not affect their resistance to US. Under all experiment conditions of this study, the differences between US and US + nisin in their respective inactivation effects on E. coli were not obvious. The results suggested that nisin had either no effect at all or a weak synergistic effect with US and that the E. coli cells were inactivated mainly by US, thus indicating that the inactivation of E. coli by US is an “all or nothing” event.

Acute Airsacculitis in Untreated and Cyclophosphamide-pretreated Broiler Chickens Inoculated with Escherichia coli or Escherichia coli Cell-free Culture Filtrate

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. DeRosa ◽  
M. D. Ficken ◽  
H. J. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Coli Cell ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Air Sacs

Ninety commercial broiler chickens were divided into three equal groups; 30 were injected with brain-heart-infusion broth into the cranial thoracic air sacs (controls), 30 were similarly inoculated with a culture of Escherichia coli, and 30 were similarly inoculated with E. coli cell-free culture filtrate. Birds were examined from 0 to 6 hours post-inoculation. E. coli-inoculated and cell-free culture filtrate-inoculated chickens reacted similarly, with exudation of heterophils into the air sac. Microscopically, heterophils were present in low numbers perivascularly 0.5 hour after inoculation and became more numerous by 3 hours post-inoculation. By 6 hours post-inoculation, there was severe swelling of air sac epithelial cells and thickening of the air sac by proteinaceous fluid and heterophils. Ultrastructurally, air sac epithelial cells were swollen and vacuolated, and interdigitating processes were separated. Histologically and ultrastructurally, all features in control chickens were normal, with only rare heterophils in the air sac interstitium. In E. coli-inoculated and cell-free culture filtrate-inoculated chickens, cell counts (predominantly heterophils) in air sac lavage fluids increased markedly at 3 and 6 hours, with only slight increases in counts from lavages of controls. Heteropenia was observed in E. coli-inoculated chickens, whereas heterophilia was observed in cell-free filtrate chickens and controls. Ninety additional chickens were pretreated with cyclophosphamide, subdivided into three equal groups, and inoculated and examined similarly as above. Cyclophosphamide pretreatment reduced inflammatory changes in air sacs, lowered cell numbers in lavage fluids, and abolished hematologic changes; however, it did not prevent epithelial cell changes. These results indicate that cell-free culture filtrate of E. coli induces changes similar to those induced by cultures of E. coli.

scholarly journals Reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Populations in Cattle by Addition of Colicin E7-Producing E. coli to Feed

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 6053-6060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerry P. Schamberger ◽  
Ronald L. Phillips ◽  
Jennifer L. Jacobs ◽  
Francisco Diez-Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Fecal Shedding ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Colicin E7 ◽  
Maximum Decrease ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT A cattle trial using artificially inoculated calves was conducted to determine the effect of the addition of colicinogenic Escherichia coli strains capable of producing colicin E7 (a 61-kDa DNase) to feed on the fecal shedding of serotype O157:H7. The experiment was divided into three periods. In period 1, which lasted 24 days, six calves were used as controls, and eight calves received 107 CFU of E. coli (a mixture of eight colicinogenic E. coli strains) per g of feed. Both groups were orally inoculated with nalidixic acid-resistant E. coli O157:H7 strains 7 days after the treatment started. In periods 2 and 3, the treatment and control groups were switched, and the colicinogenic E. coli dose was increased 10-fold. During period 3, which lasted as long as period 1, both groups were reinoculated with E. coli O157:H7. The numbers of E. coli O157:H7 were consistently greater in the control groups during the three periods, but comparisons within each time period determined a statistically significant (P < 0.05) difference only at day 21 of period 1. However, when the daily average counts were compared between the period 1 control group and the period 3 treatment group that included the same six animals, an overall reduction of 1.1 log10 CFU/g was observed, with a maximum decrease of 1.8 log10 CFU/g at day 21 (overall statistical significance, P = 0.001). Serotype O157:H7 was detected in 44% of the treatment group's intestinal tissue samples and in 64% of those from the control group (P < 0.04). These results indicated that the daily addition of 108 CFU of colicin E7-producing E. coli per gram of feed could reduce the fecal shedding of serotype O157:H7.

scholarly journals Pks+ Escherichia Coli More Prevalent in Benign than Malignant Colorectal Tumors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmina Villariba Tolentino ◽  
Ana Maria Cariño ◽  
Kin Israel Notarte ◽  
Imee Macaranas ◽  
Allan Fellizar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Colorectal Tumors ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Abstract Background: Some E. coli strains that synthesize the toxin colibactin within the 54-kb pks island are being implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Here, the prevalence of pks+ E. coli in malignant and benign colorectal tumors obtained from selected Filipino patients was compared to determine the association of pks+ E. coli with CRC in this population. Methods and Results: A realtime qPCR protocol was developed to quantify uidA, clbB, clbN, and clbA genes in formalin fixed paraffin embedded colorectal tissues. The number of malignant tumors (44/62; 71%) positive for the uidA gene was not significantly different (p=0.3428) from benign (38/62; 61%) tumors. Significantly higher number of benign samples (p<0.05) were positive for all three colibactin genes (clbB, clbN, and clbA) compared with malignant samples. There was also higher prevalence of pks+ E. coli among older females and in tissue samples taken from the rectum. Conclusion: Hence, pks+ E. coli may not be associated with CRC development among Filipinos.

scholarly journals Detection of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Some Multiple Antibiotic Resistant E. coli from Apparently Healthy Pregnant Women

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
O. C. Adekunle ◽  
A. J. Falade- Fatila ◽  
R. Ojedele ◽  
G. Odewale
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The emerging drug resistance, especially among the Escherichia coli (E.coli) isolates from pregnant women, spread rapidly within the community. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a well-known bacterial infection posing serious health problem in pregnant women. Also, multi-drug resistance is becoming rampant, and it is of serious public health concern. Treatment of E. coli is now a challenge due to continuous increase in resistance towards commonly prescribed antibiotics, thus posing a threat to treatment. Hence, the aim of the study is to determine antibiotic resistance genes in some multiple antibiotic resistant E.coli from apparently healthy pregnant women in Osun State. A cross-sectional study design was used to collect 150 mid-stream urine samples from apparently healthy pregnant women from March, 2018 to September, 2018. A well structured questionnaire and informed consent were used for data collection. Standard loop technique was used to place 0.001 ml of urine on Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) medium, Blood agar, MacConkey agar and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. A standard agar disc diffusion method was used to determine antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the isolates. The molecular detection of the resistant genes was done using PCR techniques. The ages of women enrolled in this study ranges from 22 to 42 years (mean ± standard deviation = 31 ± 4.7 years). Escherichia coli showed high percentage of resistance to ampicillin and low resistance to ciprofloxacin and penicillin. All the E. coli isolates were sensitive to levofloxacin, and most were resistant to Meropenem. Multiple drug resistance was observed in all the isolates. Resistance genes in VIM 390bp, bla ctx-M 585bp and TEM 517bp were detected in some of the representative E. coli isolates profiled. This study identified the presence of Multi-drug resistance genes in E. coli associated UTI among pregnant women in Osogbo.

scholarly journals Caprine lung diseases and causal bacteria

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Ferdausi ◽  
MG Haider ◽  
KJ Alam ◽  
MA Baki ◽  
MM Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Anaplastic Carcinoma ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
Pulmonary Adenomatosis

Pathological conditions in lungs of slaughtered goats were studied. Sixty lungs were examined and tissue samples and swabs obtained for histopathology and bacterial isolation, respectively. The prevalence of lung diseases was 58.3% (n=35). Gross lesions were categorized into: (a) haemorrhage and congestion 25% (b) emphysema 21.7% (c) hepatization 3.3% and (d) granulomatous nodules about 1 mm diameter 8.3%. On histopathological examination, 10 types of lesions were found: (a) bronchitis 6.7%, (b) small cell anaplastic carcinoma 3.3%, (c) pneumonia 6.7%, (d) interstitial pneumonia 15%, (e) emphysema 6.7%, (f) bronchopneumonia 3.3%, (g) purulent pneumonia 5%, (h) haemorrhagic pneumonia 3.3%, (i) pulmonary adenomatosis 1.7% and (j) no lesions 6.7%. Pasteurella sp. (11.7%), Escherichia coli (E. coli; 6.7%), Staphylococcus sp. (36.7%) and Bacillus sp. (3.3%) were isolated from the lungs. Pasteurella sp. was found in haemorrhagic pneumonia, interstitial pneumonia, small cell anaplastic carcinoma and bronchitis, followed by Bacillus sp. in haemorrhagic pneumonia, E. coli in interstitial pneumonia and pulmonary adenomatosis and Staphylococcus sp. from emphysema, bronchopneumonia, pneumonia, bronchitis and purulent pneumonia. DOI: 10.3329/bvet.v25i1.4613 Bangl. vet. 2008. Vol. 25, No. 1, 9-16

scholarly journals Reduction of Carriage of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Cattle by Inoculation with Probiotic Bacteria

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Zhao ◽  
Michael P. Doyle ◽  
Barry G. Harmon ◽  
Cathy A. Brown ◽  
P. O. Eric Mueller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Intestinal Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Observation Period

Bacteria inhibitory to Escherichia coli O157:H7 were isolated from cattle and evaluated for their potential for reducing carriage of E. coli O157:H7 in calves. Eighteen of 1,200 bacterial isolates from cattle feces and intestinal tissue samples were screened and determined to inhibit the growth of E. coliO157:H7 in vitro. Seventeen of the isolates were E. coli and one was Proteus mirabilis. None produced Shiga toxin. Genomic DNA fingerprinting by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed 13 distinguishable profiles among the 18 isolates. Two calves inoculated perorally with a mixture of all 18 isolates (1010 CFU) appeared to be normal and did not develop signs of clinical disease throughout a 25- to 27-day observation period. These bacteria colonized segments of the gastrointestinal tract and were in feces at the termination of the experiment (25 and 27 days postinoculation) at levels of 50 to 200 CFU/g. Fifteen cannulated calves were studied to determine the efficiency of the probiotic bacteria in reducing or eliminating the carriage of E. coli O157:H7. Nine calves served as controls, with each animal receiving perorally 1010 CFU ofE. coli O157:H7. E. coliO157:H7 was detected intermittently in the rumen samples from all control animals throughout 3 weeks postinoculation, whereasE. coli O157:H7 was shed at various levels in feces continuously throughout the experiment (mean, 28 days).E. coli O157:H7 was isolated from the rumens and colons of eight of nine and nine of nine calves, respectively, at the termination of the study. Six calves each received perorally 1010 CFU of probiotic bacteria and then 2 days later received 1010 CFU of E. coli O157:H7.E. coli O157:H7 was detected in the rumen for only 9 days postinoculation in two animals, for 16 days in one animal, for 17 days in two animals, and for 29 days in one animal. E. coli O157:H7 was detected in feces for only 11 days postinoculation in one animal, for 15 days in one animal, for 17 days in one animal, for 18 days in one animal, for 19 days in one animal, and for 29 days in one animal. At the end of the experiment (mean, 30 days), E. coli O157:H7 was not recovered from the rumen of any of the six animals treated with probiotic bacteria; however, E. coli O157:H7 was recovered from the feces of one of the animals. This animal was fasted twice postinoculation. These studies indicate that selected probiotic bacteria administered to cattle prior to exposure to E. coli O157:H7 can reduce the level of carriage ofE. coli O157:H7 in most animals.

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