Beta‐lactamase‐producing Escherichia coli in Bangladesh: Their phenotypic and molecular characteristics

The emergence and rapid dissemination of beta-lactamase-producing E. coli is now a worldwide problem. A total of 45 E. coli obtained from clinical specimens from a medical service centre in Dhaka were selected for this study. Test E. coli exhibited variable resistance to 3rd (71.7 - 97.8%, n = 48) and 4th (78%, n = 48) generation beta-lactam antibiotics, with 72% sensitivity to Carbapenem. Analysis of co-resistance indicated that 33.3% of E. coli (n = 48) were co-resistant to beta-lactams and ciprofloxacin. ESBL producers were predominant comprising of 84.7% E. coli. Among them, 22.7% contained blaTEM, 24.2% contained blaCTX-M, 4.3% contained blaSHV and 9.1% contained blaOXA-1 genes. A total of 25.75% isolates were metallo beta-lactamase producers. Of these, 1.5% of E. coli strains contained New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase gene and 6% contained AmpC gene. Multiple beta-lactamase genes were detected in some test isolates; 6.7% isolates contained 4, 20% contained 3 and 73.3% contained 2 beta lactamase genes. Fifty per cent of the E. coli contained plasmids of variable sizes. In addition, a total of 39% of the E. coli contained Class 1 integron. The increasing trend in beta-lactam resistance is of public health concern as it limits treatment regime and indicates to the need of continuous monitoring of resistance pattern. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 28(1): 71-81, 2019 (January)

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Detection of New Delhi Metallo b Lactamase gene in Uropathogenic E. coli

Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3329/bjm.v36i1.44280 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 29-33

Author(s):

Sunjukta Ahsan ◽

Anindita Bhowmik ◽

Sharmistha Goswami ◽

Nasir Uddin

Keyword(s):

Treatment Options ◽

Pcr Amplification ◽

Health Concern ◽

New Delhi ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Beta Lactam ◽

E Coli ◽

Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽

Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽

Lactamase Gene

The rapid dissemination of antibiotic resistant E. coli is now a worldwide problem. In this study, a total of twenty E. coli obtained from stool were selected to determine resistance to beta lactam antibiotics. Beta–Lactamase are enzymes produced by bacteria that provide multi resistance to beta lactam antibiotics such as penicillin, cephalosporin, cephamycin and carbapenems. Of these isolates (n = 20), 35% were found resistant to Amoxicillin Clavulanate, 5% to Imipenem, 50% to Ceftriaxone and 75% to Ampicillin. PCR amplification confirmed the presence of the New Delhi beta-lactamase gene (blaNDM) in one isolate (5%, n=20). Plasmids of variable sizes were found in all the isolates. Beta lactam antibiotics are now commonly used for the treatment of disease. Resistance of 50% of the isolates to Ceftriaxone is alarming as this indicates that an alternative drug may soon need to replace this antibiotic for successful treatment. The finding of this study is also of public health concern as plasmids were found in most isolates and these mobile genetic elements can be transferred among clinical bacteria, thereby disseminating antibiotic resistance further limiting treatment options. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 36 Number 1 June 2019, pp 29-33

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ESBL and AmpC beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in poultry in the Czech Republic

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/165/2009-vetmed ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 55 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 119-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

M. Kolar ◽

J. Bardon ◽

M. Chroma ◽

K. Hricova ◽

T. Stosova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Czech Republic ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Beta Lactam ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Beta Lactamases ◽

E Coli ◽

Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽

Composite Samples

A major reason for resistance of Enterobacteriaceae to beta-lactam antibiotics is production of ESBLs and AmpC beta-lactamases. As their more detailed description in poultry is unavailable in the Czech Republic, the presented study aimed at assessing their occurrence and molecular characteristics. A total of 154 composite samples from broilers and 150 cloacal swabs from turkeys were examined. Production of ESBLs was detected in seven Escherichia coli isolates and AmpC enzymes in two E. coli isolates. The most frequent ESBL types were CTX-M-1 and SHV-12 and the most common AmpC enzymes were the CMY-2 types.

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Characterization of Multidrug Resistant Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-ProducingEscherichia coliamong Uropathogens of Pediatrics in North of Iran

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/309478 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Mohammad Sadegh Rezai ◽

Ebrahim Salehifar ◽

Alireza Rafiei ◽

Taimour Langaee ◽

Mohammadreza Rafati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Beta Lactam ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

E Coli ◽

Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽

North Of Iran

Escherichia coliremains as one of the most important bacteria causing infections in pediatrics and producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) making them resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. In this study we aimed to genotype ESBL-producingE. coliisolates from pediatric patients for ESBL genes and determine their association with antimicrobial resistance. One hundred of theE. coliisolates were initially considered ESBL producing based on their MIC results. These isolates were then tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence or absence ofCTX,TEM,SHV,GES, andVEBbeta-lactamase genes. About 30.5% of isolatedE. coliwas ESBL-producing strain. TheTEMgene was the most prevalent (49%) followed bySHV(44%),CTX(28%),VEB(8%), andGES(0%) genes. The ESBL-producingE. coliisolates were susceptible to carbapenems (66%) and amikacin (58%) and showed high resistance to cefixime (99%), colistin (82%), and ciprofloxacin (76%). In conclusion, carbapenems were the most effective antibiotics against ESBl-producingE. coliin urinary tract infection in North of Iran. The most prevalent gene is the TEM-type, but the other resistant genes and their antimicrobial resistance are on the rise.

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Intercontinental spread of OXA-48 beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae over a 11-year period, 2001 to 2011

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/1560-7917.es2013.18.31.20549 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 18 (31) ◽

Cited By ~ 166

Author(s):

A Potron ◽

L Poirel ◽

E Rondinaud ◽

P Nordmann

Keyword(s):

Mediterranean Area ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Beta Lactam ◽

North African ◽

African Countries ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

E Coli ◽

Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽

North African Countries ◽

Sequence Types

OXA-48 beta-lactamase producers are emerging as an important threat mostly in the Mediterranean area. We report here the molecular epidemiology of a collection of OXA-48 beta-lactamase-positive enterobacterial isolates (n=107) recovered from European and north-African countries between January 2001 and December 2011. This collection included 67 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 24 Escherichia coli and 10 Enterobacter cloacae. Using the EUCAST breakpoints, ninety-eight isolates (91.6%) were of intermediate susceptibility or resistant to ertapenem, whereas 66% remained susceptible to imipenem. Seventy-five per cent of the isolates co-produced an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, most frequently CTX-M-15 (77.5%). Susceptibility testing to non-beta-lactam antibiotics showed that colistin, tigecycline, amikacin, and fosfomycin remain active against most of the isolates. Multilocus sequence typing indicated that the most common sequence types (ST) were ST101 and ST38 for K. pneumoniae and E. coli, respectively. The blaOXA-48 gene was located on a 62 kb IncL/M plasmid in 92.5% of the isolates, indicating that a single plasmid was mainly responsible for the spread of that gene. In addition, this study identified multiple cases of importation of OXA-48 beta-lactamase producers at least in Europe, and spread of OXA-48 beta-lactamase producers giving rise to an endemic situation, at least in France.

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First Global Report of Plasmid-Mediated mcr-1 and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli from Sheep in Portugal

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10111403 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1403

Author(s):

Josman Dantas Palmeira ◽

Marisa Haenni ◽

Jean-Yves Madec ◽

Helena Maria Neto Ferreira

Keyword(s):

One Health ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Beta Lactam ◽

Colistin Resistance ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

E Coli ◽

Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽

Extended Spectrum

Resistances to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) and colistin are One Health issues since genes encoding these resistances can be transmitted between all sectors of the One Health concept, i.e., human, animal, and the environment. Among food-producing animals, sheep farming has long been overlooked. To fill in this knowledge gap, we looked for ESC- and colistin resistance in 21 faecal samples collected from sheep in one farm in the south of Portugal. ESC-resistant isolates were selected on MacConkey agar plates supplemented with cefotaxime. Susceptibility testing was performed by the disk-diffusion method according to CLSI, while colistin MIC was determined by broth microdilution. ESC- and colistin-resistance genes were identified by PCR, and the clonality of all isolates was assessed by XbaI-PFGE. The replicon content was determined by PCR according to the PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT) scheme. Sixty-two non-duplicate ESC-resistant E. coli isolates were identified, which all presented an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype, mostly due to the presence of CTX-M genes. One CTX-M-1-producing E. coli was concomitantly colistin-resistant and presented the plasmid-mediated mcr-1 gene. Nearly all isolates showed associated resistances to non-beta-lactam antibiotics, which could act as co-selectors, even in the absence of beta-lactam use. The results showed a high proportion of ESBL-producing E. coli in sheep faeces. Their dissemination was very dynamic, with the spread of successful clones between animals, but also a large diversity of clones and plasmids, sometimes residing in the same animal. This study highlights the need for global surveillance in all food-producing sectors, in order to avoid the dissemination of genes conferring resistance to last-resort antibiotics in human medicine.

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Characterisation of the Resistance Patterns to Non Beta-Lactam Antimicrobials in Esbl-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Dogs and Their Owners

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-vm:003917 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 75 (1) ◽

pp. 133

Author(s):

Andreea Paula COZMA ◽

Iulia Elena MĂCIUCĂ ◽

Cătălin CARP-CĂRARE ◽

Cristina RIMBU ◽

Eleonora GUGUIANU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Beta Lactam ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

E Coli ◽

Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽

Faecal Matter ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Synergy Test

Enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) enzymes are resistant to beta-lactam agents and are also commonly multidrug resistant being associated with the resistance to other classes of antibiotics.The aim of our study was to characterise resistance patterns in non-beta-lactam antibiotics of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from faecal matter of pets and owners.The study was carried out on 63 samples of faecal matter (42 from pets and 21 from owners). The ESBL screening was carried out using the Brilliance ESBL Oxoid chromogenic medium. The isolated strains that generated characteristic presumptive ESBL-producing colonies were cultivated on 5% sheep blood medium for the extraction of bacterial DNA using the boiled preps technique. The confirmation of E. coli species was performed molecularly based on the detection of blauidA and blauspA genes. Other Enterobacteriaceae species were identified based on the minimum biochemical characteristics using the MIU and TSI medium. The phenotypical confirmation of presumptive ESBL-producing strains was carried out using the Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST) using a combination of 3rd generation cephalosporins and beta-lactamase inhibitor agents. The determination of the resistance degree in other classes of antibiotics was carried out through the Kirby-Bauer diffusimetric method, and the results were interpreted according to the CLSI standard.Following the species investigation of isolates, 60/63 (95.28%) belonged to the E. coli species and 3/63 (4.72%) to the K. pneumoniae species. Animal isolates were resistant to sulphonamides (54.76% resistance to SXT), fluoroquinolones (45.23% resistance to ENR) and tetracyclines (54.75% resistance to TE). In addition to strains of animal origin for isolates of human origin, an increased resistance has been noticed to phenicols and aminoglycosides.This study has identified a high prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains and associated with multidrug resistance for pets and their owners.

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Multiplication of ampC upon Exposure to a Beta-Lactam Antibiotic Results in a Transferable Transposon in Escherichia coli

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22179230 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (17) ◽

pp. 9230

Author(s):

Tania S. Darphorn ◽

Yuanqing Hu ◽

Belinda B. Koenders-van Sintanneland ◽

Stanley Brul ◽

Benno H. ter Kuile

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Beta Lactam ◽

Variable Regions ◽

E Coli ◽

Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽

Lactam Antibiotic ◽

Lactamase Gene

Plasmids play a crucial role in spreading antimicrobial resistance genes. Plasmids have many ways to incorporate various genes. By inducing amoxicillin resistance in Escherichia coli, followed by horizontal gene transfer experiments and sequencing, we show that the chromosomal beta-lactamase gene ampC is multiplied and results in an 8–13 kb contig. This contig is comparable to a transposon, showing similarities to variable regions found in environmental plasmids, and can be transferred between E. coli cells. As in eight out of nine replicate strains an almost completely identical transposon was isolated, we conclude that this process is under strict control by the cell. The single transposon that differed was shortened at both ends, but otherwise identical. The outcome of this study indicates that as a result of exposure to beta-lactam antibiotics, E. coli can form a transposon containing ampC that can subsequently be integrated into plasmids or genomes. This observation offers an explanation for the large diversity of genes in plasmids found in nature and proposes mechanisms by which the dynamics of plasmids are maintained.

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Identification, Characterization, and Formulation of a Novel Carbapenemase Intended to Prevent Antibiotic-Mediated Gut Dysbiosis

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms7010022 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 22 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sheila Connelly ◽

Todd Parsley ◽

Hui Ge ◽

Michael Kaleko

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiome ◽

Opportunistic Infections ◽

New Delhi ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Gi Tract ◽

Beta Lactam ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae Carbapenemase ◽

Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽

Antibiotic Degradation

Antibiotics can damage the gut microbiome leading to opportunistic infections and the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Microbiome protection via antibiotic inactivation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract represents a strategy to limit antibiotic exposure of the colonic microbiota. Proof of concept for this approach was achieved with an orally-administered beta-lactamase enzyme, SYN-004 (ribaxamase), that was demonstrated to degrade ceftriaxone excreted into the GI tract and protect the gut microbiome from antibiotic-mediated dysbiosis. Ribaxamase efficiently degrades penicillin and cephalosporin beta-lactam antibiotics, but is not active against carbapenems. To expand this microbiome protection strategy to include all classes of beta-lactams, three distinct carbapenemases were evaluated for manufacturability, antibiotic degradation spectrum, and stability in human intestinal fluid. E. coli production strains were generated for P2A, a novel metallo-enzyme isolated from B. cereus, New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM), and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC). While all three enzymes effectively inactivated a broad range of antibiotics, including penicillins, most cephalosporins, and carbapenems in vitro, only P2A retained biological activity when incubated with human chyme. As functional stability in the intestinal tract is a key requirement for an orally-delivered enzyme, P2A was chosen as a potential clinical candidate. An enteric formulation of P2A was developed, called SYN-006, that was inert under high acid conditions, with enzyme dissolution occurring at pH > 5.5. SYN-006 has the potential to expand microbiome protection via antibiotic inactivation to include all classes of beta-lactam antibiotics.

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Characterization of E. coli Isolates Producing Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase SHV-Variants from the Food Chain in Germany

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9091926 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1926

Author(s):

Alexandra Irrgang ◽

Ge Zhao ◽

Katharina Juraschek ◽

Annemarie Kaesbohrer ◽

Jens A. Hammerl

Keyword(s):

Gene Transfer ◽

Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽

Poultry Meat ◽

Health Concern ◽

Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Class 1 Integron ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

E Coli

Resistance of bacteria to 3rd generation cephalosporins mediated by beta-lactamases (ESBL, pAmpC) is a public health concern. In this study, 1517 phenotypically cephalosporin-resistant E. coli were screened for the presence of blaSHV genes. Respective genes were detected in 161 isolates. Majority (91%) were obtained from poultry production and meat. The SHV-12 beta-lactamase was the predominant variant (n = 155), while the remaining isolates exhibited SHV-2 (n = 4) or SHV-2a (n = 2). A subset of the isolates (n = 51) was further characterized by PCR, PFGE, or whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The SHV-12-producing isolates showed low phylogenetic relationships, and dissemination of the blaSHV-12 genes seemed to be mainly driven by horizontal gene transfer. In most of the isolates, blaSHV-12 was located on transferable IncX3 (~43 kb) or IncI1 (~100 kb) plasmids. On IncX3, blaSHV-12 was part of a Tn6 composite transposon located next to a Tn3 transposon, which harbored the fluoroquinolone resistance gene qnrS1. On IncI1 plasmids, blaSHV-12 was located on an incomplete class 1 integron as part of a Tn21 transposon. In conclusion, SHV-12 is widely distributed in German poultry production and spreads via horizontal gene transfer. Consumers are at risk by handling raw poultry meat and should take care in appropriate kitchen hygiene.

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First Report of New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase-1 (NDM-1) Among Escherichia Coli Strains Isolated from Leukemia Patients in Iran

10.21203/rs.3.rs-42141/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mahdane Roshani ◽

Alireza Goodarzi ◽

Sanaz Dehbashi ◽

Farhad Afrasiabi ◽

Hossein Goudarzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Pcr Amplification ◽

Opportunistic Pathogen ◽

New Delhi ◽

Beta Lactam ◽

Case Presentation ◽

E Coli ◽

Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽

Medical Centers ◽

Life Threatening

Abstract Background: Escherichia coli has appeared as an important opportunistic pathogen responsible for nosocomial infections in Patients with immunodeficiency particularly in leukemia patients. New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM-1) is an enzyme that class of beta-lactam antibiotics and is used in treatment of multi-drug resistant (MDR) infections. Case Presentation: In this study, 80 isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae collected over the course of two years from two medical centers of Tehran, Iran. Production of carbapenemase was detected of the isolates using MHT. New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1 (blaNDM-1) genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ampliﬁcation with speciﬁc primers 2 blaNDM-1 producing E.coli strains were isolated from 2 leukemia of patients, The isolates were resistant to carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem),two isolates were positive for carbapenemase production by Modified Hodge test.Conclusions: The emerging of NDM-1 producing E. coli is a threat for leukemia patients in Oncology and hematology departments. We concluded that the incidence of MDR pathogens increased amang patients with leukemia and is life threatening.

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