scholarly journals Bio-stimulation by seed priming with Bacillus subtilis for suppressing seed-borne fungal pathogens of vegetables in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-184
Author(s):  
FH Tumpa ◽  
A Sultana ◽  
MZ Alam ◽  
MAR Khokon
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Control Seed ◽  
Rhizopus Sp ◽  
Wax Gourd

Aqueous formulation of rhizopheric beneficial bacteria viz. Bacillus subtilis, an exotic strain collected from Russia was assayed for its performance to suppress the growth of various seed-borne fungi of vegetable. The performance of the bio-agent was appraised based on growth suppression by dual culture method and reduction of seed-borne fungi in the bio-agent treated seeds. Ten seed samples comprise of summer and winter vegetables were examined collected from different local farmers. A total of fourteen fungal species belongs to twelve genera viz. Fusarium moniliforme, Botrytis cinerea, Aspergillus flavus, F. oxysporum, Botryodiplodia theobromae, Macrophomina phaseolina, A.niger, Cercospora sp., Phoma exigua, Rhizopus sp., Colletotrichum sp., Phytophthora sp., Penicillium sp., and Curvularia sp. were recorded from different untreated seeds. Vegetables seeds were treated in a concentration (10-3) of aqueous formulation of B. subtilis for two hours followed by air drying for 30 minutes. In general, the incidences of all fungal species of all kinds of vegetables seeds were reduced. But, selectively the best performances were observed in tomato, brinjal, cucumber, wax gourd and okra where most of the fungal species were completely suppressed by seed treatment with Bacillus subtilis. The growth of seed-borne fungi was inhibited highest in wax gourd (100%). The growth inhibition was also at satisfactory level in cucumber (95%), tomato (95%), brinjal (92%) and okra (86%) seeds. The findings of this research indicate the possibility of utilizing B. subtilis as seed treating agents instead of chemical fungicides to control seed-borne diseases of vegetables.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(2): 177-184, December 2016

scholarly journals Chitosan and yeast elicitor in suppressing seed-borne fungi of cucurbitaceous vegetables

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-192
Author(s):  
Farzana Haque Tumpa ◽  
Md Zahangir Alam ◽  
Kawsar Hossen ◽  
Md Atiqur Rahman Khokon
Keyword(s):  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Yeast Elicitor ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
Penicillium Spp ◽  
Wax Gourd

Experiments were conducted under laboratory condition to examine the efficacy of Chitosan and Yeast Elicitor to suppress the growth of seed-borne fungi of cucurbitaceous vegetables. Seeds of bottle gourd, sweet gourd, snake gourd, wax gourd and cucumber were collected from seed traders of Mymensingh districts and different seed borne fungi were isolated, purified and identified. Fourteen fungal species belonging to twelve genera consisting of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium oxysporum, Phoma exigua, Rhizopus stolonifer, Macrophomina phaseolina, Penicillium spp., Curvularia lunata, Chaetomium spp., Colletotrichum spp., Cercospora spp. and Alternaria alternata were isolated and identified. Four concentrations of Chitosan and Yeast Elicitors solutions (200, 500, 1000 & 2000 ppm) including one positive control Vitavax-200 WP (0.35%) were evaluated for controlling seed-borne fungi. Among the seed treating agents Chitosan (2000 ppm) and Yeast Elicitor (2000 ppm) showed better performance in suppressing the seed-borne fungi. Chitosan (2000 ppm) showed superior performance than Yeast Elicitor (2000 ppm). Results from the present study revealed that application of elicitors as seed treatment is a potential alternative of chemical fungicide for selective vegetables.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(2): 187-192, August 2018

scholarly journals Soils from HNV agriculture systems as source of microorganisms with antifungal activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 196-199
Author(s):  
Matei Sorin ◽  
Matei Gabi-Mirela ◽  
Dumitrașcu Monica
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Agriculture Systems

Abstract Soils from rural zones with high natural value (HNV) agriculture systems are an important source of beneficial microbial species that can be useful for various biotechnological purposes, such as transfer of suppressiveness against plant pathogens from suppressive to disease-inducing soils by using inoculation with antagonistic selected strains. The main goal of the paper was to present the results of the research carried out on strains isolated from soil microbial populations in HNV agriculture system (Mureș county, Romania) responsible for specific suppressiveness against soil-borne phytopathogens. The dual culture method was used for assessing the mechanisms involved in antagonism against a plant pathogenic strain from genus Fusarium. The global microbial activity measured as soil respiration was intense. Total counts of bacteria and fungi estimated by dilution plate were also high. The community of heterotrophic aerobic bacteria included 13 species. Associations of fluorescent pseudomonads and actinomycetes were dominant and presented antagonistic activity against Fusarium. Twenty fungal species presented cellulolytic capability evidenced by growth on culture media with cellulose as sole source of carbon. Over cellulolytic capacity, the selected isolate of Trichoderma viride presented antagonistic activity against pathogenic Fusarium strain. Both biochemical mechanism and hyperparasitism were evidenced as involved in its antifungal activity.

scholarly journals Bioefficacy of fungicides and bioagents against Macrophomina phaseolina causing charcoal rot in maize

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
U.M. Charde ◽  
V.S. Shinde ◽  
S.R. Dhonde
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Condition ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Poison Food Technique ◽  
Pot Culture

In recent years Macrophomina phaseolina causing charcoal rot of maize is more problematic in maize growing parts of Maharashtra. Present investigation was taken on evaluation of fungicides and bio-agents against M. phaseolina under laboratory condition and pot culture. Under laboratory condition, nine fungicides and six bio- agents were evaluated against M. phaseolina by poison food technique and dual culture method, respectively. Among fungicides Carbendazim 63 % + Mancozeb 12% and Carbendazim alone recorded maximum inhibition of (100 %) mycelial growth. Among the bio-agents tested Trichoderma harzianum was found more effective as compared to other bio-control agents and inhibited maximum fungal growth (63.33 %) of M. phaseolina. Under pot culture study, as soil application and seed treatment, among the fungicides, carbendazim + Mancozeb was found most effective. However, among bioagents Trichoderma harzianum was remarkably manage the charcoal rot.

scholarly journals Postharvest Loss and Mycofloral Association in Some Culinary Mushrooms in Kathmandu City, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Hari Sharan Adhikari ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Jha
Keyword(s):  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Management Procedure ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Rhizopus Sp ◽  
Fungal Contaminants ◽  
Postharvest Loss ◽  
Selection Of

Postharvest deterioration of perishable crop is one of the major constrains in food supply. Similar instances are also prevalent in mushrooms. Contamination by fungal pathogens, occurrence of mycotoxins in these goods pose serious health issue. As such, evaluation of mycofloral contamination on commonly grown mushroom namely; Pleurotus sp and Agaricus sp. were made with focus on reducing its postharvest loss. Questionnaire survey to the mushroom growers and mushroom seller of Kathmandu valley was carried out to evaluate the post-harvest losses, causes and management procedure followed by them. Postharvest loss in Agaricus bisporus was higher than in Pleurotus sp., caused by microbial contaminants where extensive use of synthetic fungicides was found. Samples (i.e., Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus florida) were collected from three major vegetable market of Kathmandu city to detect the mycoflora associated with postharvest deterioration. A total of 21 fungal species belonging to 10 genera were isolated from the samples. The most frequent fungal contaminants were Aspergillus niger (57.77%), Rhizopus sp (42.22 %), Trichoderma viride (34.44%) and Aspergillus flavus (27.77%). As the mushrooms appeared prevailed with many fungal contaminants, more caution should be taken such as selection of strain from resistant varieties, proper sanitation during in-field and postharvest conditions.

scholarly journals Cyclic Siloxane Biosurfactant Producing Bacillus Sp. BS14 Biocontrol Charcoal Rot Pathogen Macrophomina Phaseolina and Induce Growth Promotion in Vigna Mungo L.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Kumar ◽  
Ramesh Chandra Dubey ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Maheshwari ◽  
Nitin Baliyan ◽  
Shrivardhan Dheeman
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Cyclic Siloxane ◽  
Electron Microscopic

Abstract Rhizobacteria are important component of soil-plant interfaces and help in the management of plant diseases by various means. Precisely, the role of biosurfactant is underscored in biocontrol. The current study showed the exploration of biosurfactant-producing bacteria and its effect in indirect reduction of disease severity in pulse crops. In this study, BS14 was screened as plant growth promoting, biosurfactant producing and biocontrol agent against Macrophomina phaseolina. The biosurfactant purified for biocontrol assays and shown inhibition of fungal hyphal growth in dual culture method and cellular-level deformities in mycelia of M. phaseolina, as observed under scanning electron microscopic (SEM). The biosurfactant of Bacillus BS14 was identified as cyclic siloxane in GC-MS-spectroscopy and FTIR-spectroscopy analysis. In pot-trial studies Bacillus sp. BS14 proved their efficiency for the growth-promotion of Vigna mungo and significant reduction in disease severity index. Using biosurfactants is a biological alternative to the control of plant diseases.

scholarly journals MEKANISME ANTAGONIS LIMA ISOLAT Bacillus subtilis TERHADAP Colletotrichum capsici DAN C. gloeospoiroides IN VITRO

Agrin ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Kholida Wulansari ◽  
Nur Prihatiningsih ◽  
Heru Adi Djatmiko
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Colletotrichum Capsici ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Vitro Test

Colletotrichum capsici dan C. gloeospoiroides adalah jamur patogen penting pada cabai merah yang dapatmenurunkan produktivitas. Upaya untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini yaitu dengan pengendalian hayatimenggunakan Bacillus subtilis. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui daya hambat lima isolat B.subtilis yaituB46, B209, B211, B298, dan B315 terhadap patogen C. capsici dan C. gloeospoiroides asal tanaman cabai.Percobaan laboratorium dilakukan berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 5 ulangan. Pengujian in vitrodilakukan menggunakan teknik dual culture pada medium PDA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan efektifitaspenghambatan C.capsici paling baik pada isolat B209 sebesar 34,25%. Efektifitas penghambatan C.gloeospoiroides pada isolat B211 sebesar 28,89%. Efektifitas penghambatan berpengaruh pada bobot keringmisellium dan morfologi hifa C. capsici dan C. gloeospoiroides. Morfologi hifa C. capsici dan C. gloeospoiroidesmengalami lisis, menebal, dan membengkak.Kata kunci: C. capsici, C. gloeospoiroides, B. subtilis, antagonistik, daya hambatABSTRACTColletotrichum capsici and C. gloeospoiroides are an important pathogen on red chili pepper and causedproductivity losses. Biological control using B. subtilis is an attempt to solve the problem. The objectives of thisstudy is to determines the inhibition ability of five B. subtilis isolates, i.e. B46, B209, B211, B298, dan B315against C. capsici and C. gloeospoiroides pathogens from chili pepper. Laboratory experinments arranged incomplete randomized design with five replication. Dual culture method used PDA medium on in vitro test. Resultshowed the best inhibition effectiveness of C.capsici on B209 isolates at 34.25%. The best inhibition effectivenessof C. gloeospoiroides on B211 isolates at 28,89%. The inhibition effectiveness affects mycellium dry weight andhypha morphology of C. capsici and C. gloeospoiroides. Hypha morphology of C. capsici and C. gloeospoiroidesis lysis, thickening, and swelling.Key words: C. capsici, C. gloeospoiroides, B. subtilis, antagonistic, inhibitor ability

scholarly journals Fungal Endophytes as Biocontrol Agents against the Main Soil-Borne Diseases of Melon and Watermelon in Spain

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 820
Author(s):  
Vicente González ◽  
Eugenia Armijos ◽  
Ana Garcés-Claver
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
Antagonistic Potential ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
High Inhibition

Watermelon and melon crops are affected by some important soil-borne fungal diseases like carbonaceous rot (Macrophomina phaseolina), collapse (Monosporascus cannonballus), or the most important pathology at an economic level, the Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis, F. solani f. sp. cucurbitae, Neocosmospora falciformis, and N. keratoplastica). The methods commonly used for their control are often ineffective, thus new approaches, as the use of biological control agents, are constantly being sought. This work aimed to isolate, identify, and test endophytic fungi for their antagonistic properties against the three mentioned diseases. For this, about 350 endophytic fungal strains were isolated from asymptomatic watermelon plants. Among these, 7 fungal species were selected to evaluate their antagonistic potential against 14 pathogens. Dual culture assays allowed to select two Trichoderma strains according to the high inhibition rates observed (up to 93%), that were further employed in melon and watermelon plants, showing that some of the pathogens were controlled in terms of disease incidence, exhibiting a decrease up to 67% for T. lentiforme. In addition, three concentrations of Epicoccum purpurascens extract was selected to evaluate the germicide effect, obtaining significant differences in the growth of the pathogens depending on fermentation parameters.

scholarly journals Post-translational regulation of autophagy is involved in intra-microbiome suppression of fungal pathogens

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Chaoyun Xu ◽  
Qiming Sun ◽  
Jinrong Xu ◽  
Yunrong Chai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Translational Regulation ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
Healthy Plant ◽  
Autophagy Induction ◽  
Histone Acetyltransferase Gcn5 ◽  
Plant Microbiota ◽  
Autophagic Process

Abstract Background Microbiome interactions are important determinants for ecosystem functioning, stability, and health. In previous studies, it was often observed that bacteria suppress potentially pathogenic fungal species that are part of the same plant microbiota; however, the underlying microbe-microbe interplay remains mostly elusive. Here, we explored antagonistic interactions of the fungus Fusarium graminearum and bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus at the molecular level. Both are ubiquitous members of the healthy wheat microbiota; under dysbiosis, the fungus causes devastating diseases. Results In co-cultures, we found that Streptomyces alters the fungal acetylome leading to substantial induction of fungal autophagy. The bacterium secrets rapamycin to inactivate the target of rapamycin (TOR), which subsequently promotes the degradation of the fungal histone acetyltransferase Gcn5 through the 26S proteasome. Gcn5 negatively regulates fungal autophagy by acetylating the autophagy-related protein Atg8 at the lysine site K13 and blocking cellular relocalization of Atg8. Thus, degradation of Gcn5 triggered by rapamycin was found to reduce Atg8 acetylation, resulting in autophagy induction in F. graminearum. Conclusions Autophagy homeostasis plays an essential role in fungal growth and competition, as well as for virulence. Our work reveals a novel post-translational regulation of autophagy initiated by a bacterial antibiotic. Rapamycin was shown to be a powerful modulator of bacteria–fungi interactions with potential importance in explaining microbial homeostasis in healthy plant microbiomes. The autophagic process provides novel possibilities and targets to biologically control pathogens.

scholarly journals Mitotic Recombination and Adaptive Genomic Changes in Human Pathogenic Fungi

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asiya Gusa ◽  
Sue Jinks-Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Genomic Changes ◽  
Break Site ◽  
Repair Mechanisms

Genome rearrangements and ploidy alterations are important for adaptive change in the pathogenic fungal species Candida and Cryptococcus, which propagate primarily through clonal, asexual reproduction. These changes can occur during mitotic growth and lead to enhanced virulence, drug resistance, and persistence in chronic infections. Examples of microevolution during the course of infection were described in both human infections and mouse models. Recent discoveries defining the role of sexual, parasexual, and unisexual cycles in the evolution of these pathogenic fungi further expanded our understanding of the diversity found in and between species. During mitotic growth, damage to DNA in the form of double-strand breaks (DSBs) is repaired, and genome integrity is restored by the homologous recombination and non-homologous end-joining pathways. In addition to faithful repair, these pathways can introduce minor sequence alterations at the break site or lead to more extensive genetic alterations that include loss of heterozygosity, inversions, duplications, deletions, and translocations. In particular, the prevalence of repetitive sequences in fungal genomes provides opportunities for structural rearrangements to be generated by non-allelic (ectopic) recombination. In this review, we describe DSB repair mechanisms and the types of resulting genome alterations that were documented in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The relevance of similar recombination events to stress- and drug-related adaptations and in generating species diversity are discussed for the human fungal pathogens Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans.

Lysis and biological control of Aspergillus niger by Bacillus subtilis AF 1

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Podile ◽  
A. P. Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Bacterial Cells

A biocontrol rhizobacterial strain of Bacillus subtilis AF 1 grown for 6 h was coinoculated with Aspergillus niger at different time intervals and microscopic observations revealed adherence of bacterial cells to the fungal mycelium. Bacterial cells multiplied in situ and colonized the mycelial surface. Growth of AF 1 resulted in damage to the cell wall, followed by lysis. AF 1 inoculation into media containing A. niger at 0, 6, and 12 h suppressed >90% fungal growth, while in 18- and 24-h cultures fungal growth inhibition was 70 and 56%, respectively, in terms of dry weight. In dual culture the fungal growth was not accompanied by formation of spores. The mycelial preparation of A. niger as principal carbon source supported the growth of B. subtilis, as much as chitin. Extracellular protein precipitate from B. subtilis culture filtrate had a significant growth-retarding effect on A. niger. Groundnut seeds bacterized with B. subtilis showed a reduced incidence of crown rot in A. niger infested soil, suggesting a possible role of B. subtilis in biological control of A. niger.Key words: mycolytic bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger, biological control.

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