scholarly journals Economic analysis of Red Chittagong Cattle farming system in some selected areas of Chittagong district

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Halim ◽  
MA Kashem ◽  
JU Ahmed ◽  
M Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Cash Cost ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
The Cost

The study was carried out in 5 Upazilas under Chittagong district with a view to analyze the present socio-economic status of RCC farming practices on 100 RCC rearers (Potiya, Raujan, Chandanaish, Anowara and Satkania Upazila). The study showed that, about 39.00 percent of RCC farm owners were landless, 31.00 percent were small and marginal farmers, 17.00 percent were medium and 13.00 percent were large farmers according to their landholding sizes. The cost of rearing RCC per cattle per year was found to be Tk. 17503.76, Tk. 15540.27, and Tk. 33044.03 as cash cost, non cash cost and total cost respectively. The study also revealed that, average daily milk yield, lactation yield and lactation length of RCC were found to be 2.71 liters, 581.61 liters and 215.41 days, respectively. The average per year per cattle gross return of RCC was found Tk. 25390.41. The gross returns over cash cost and full cost basis of rearing per lactation per cattle of RCC were found at Tk 8058.642 and Tk.-7501.53, respectively. The benefit cost ratio on the basis of cash cost and full costs per year per cattle was found 1.47 and 0.77, respectively. The study also revealed that, the rural farmers prefer RCC farming than other breeds due to high conception rate, each year calving, disease resistance, high milk fat per cent and cost effective farming. Keyword: RCC; Cost; Return; Profitability; Disease Occurrences DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v8i2.7937 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 8(2): 271-276, 2010  

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness analysis of BNT162b2 COVID-19 booster vaccination in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Li ◽  
Hanting Liu ◽  
Christopher Kit Fairley ◽  
Zhuoru Zou ◽  
Li Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
System Perspective ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
The Cost

Background: Over 86% of older adults aged ≥65 years are fully vaccinated against SARS-COV-2 in the United States (US). Waning protection of the existing vaccines promotes the new vaccination strategies, such as providing a booster shot for those fully vaccinated. Methods: We developed a decision-analytic Markov model of COVID-19 to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a booster strategy of Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 (administered 6 months after 2nd dose) in those aged ≥65 years, from a healthcare system perspective. Findings: Compared with 2-doses of BNT162b2 without a booster, the booster strategy in a 100,000 cohort of older adults would incur an additional cost of $3.4 million, but save $6.7 million in direct medical costs in 180 days. This corresponds to a benefit-cost ratio of 1.95 and a net monetary benefit of $3.4 million. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicates that with a COVID-19 incidence of 9.1/100,000 person-day, a booster strategy has a high chance (67%) of being cost-effective. The cost-effectiveness of the booster strategy is highly sensitive to the population incidence of COVID-19, with a cost-effectiveness threshold of 8.1/100,000 person-day. This threshold will increase with a decrease in vaccine and booster efficacies. Doubling the vaccination cost or halving the medical cost for COVID-19 treatment alone would not alter the conclusion of cost-effectiveness, but certain combinations of the two might render the booster strategy not cost-effective. Interpretation: Offering BNT162b2 boosters to older adults aged ≥65 years in the US is likely to be cost-effective. Less efficacious vaccines and boosters may still be cost-effective in settings of high SARS-COV-2 transmission. Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China. Berlina and Bill Gates Foundation

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENDAPATAN BUDIDAYA DAN PENGOLAHAN HASIL GEMBILI (Dioscorea esculenta) SEBAGAI SUMBER PANGAN ALTERNATIF BAGI KELUARGA DI KAMPUNG YANGGANDUR

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paskalina Tatay ◽  
Maria Maghdalena Diana Widiastuti ◽  
Untari Untari
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Cost And Benefit ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost

ABSTRACTLocal food which can be utilized as a source of carbohydrates is gembili (Dioscorea esculenta). The farming system of gembilistil in tradisonial way and not for the profit oriented. Meanwhile the nutrition of gembili almost the same as othercarbohydrates such as rice or sweet potatoes. The purpose of this research is to analyze cost and benefit of gembili cultivationand processing of gembili become donut and cake gembili. The methodology using Benefit Cost Ratio (B/C Ratio) and RevenueCost Ratio (R/C Ratio). This research was conducted in December 2017 to January 2018 in Kampung Yanggandur DistrictSota Merauke Regency. Sampling technique used Snowball Sampling. The samples are 7 respondents. The results showed thatthe cost of farming cultivation gembili is Rp44.871.140, -, while the benefit is Rp86.225.040, - The profit gain as Rp41.353.900,-. The B/C Ratio is 1,92. Gembili procesing become cake gembili more profitable than donut gembili. The cost of donut gembiliis Rp5.582.000/month, while the cake gembili is Rp4.804.000/month. The revenue of donut gembili is Rp7.200.000/monthwhilethe renenue of cake gembili is Rp15.000.000,00/month. The R/C Ratio of donut gembili is 0.53 while cake gembili is1,69 means both of gembili processing become donut dand cake gembili is feasible to developed.Keywords: cost, benefit, feasibility, gembili.

scholarly journals Evaluating Public Programs with Close Substitutes: The Case of Head Start*

2016 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 1795-1848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Kline ◽  
Christopher R. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Head Start ◽  
Test Score ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Public Programs ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fiscal Impacts ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost

Abstract We use data from the Head Start Impact Study (HSIS) to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Head Start, the largest early childhood education program in the United States. Head Start draws roughly a third of its participants from competing preschool programs, many of which receive public funds. We show that accounting for the fiscal impacts of such program substitution pushes estimates of Head Start’s benefit-cost ratio well above one under a wide range of assumptions on the structure of the market for preschool services and the dollar value of test score gains. To parse the program’s test score impacts relative to home care and competing preschools, we selection-correct test scores in each care environment using excluded interactions between experimental assignments and household characteristics. We find that Head Start generates larger test score gains for children who would not otherwise attend preschool and for children who are less likely to participate in the program.

scholarly journals Analisis Kelayakan Ekonomi Mesin Pencacah Rumput Gajah Tipe Reel

Agrikultura ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Wahyu K Sugandi ◽  
Asep Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Period Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Cutting Machine ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost

ABSTRACTEconomic analysis reel type cutting machine for elephant grassThe need grass for fodder in the region Lembang has been increasing, but it does not followed byits quality. Therefore, cutting machine which is able to cut the fodder no more than 5 cm size is needed. The Laboratory of Agricultural Machinery and Machinery Department of Agricultural Engineering and Biosystem FTIP Unpad had been developed an elephant grass enchant machine inaccordance with the requirements of making the silage, but no economic feasibility analysis has been done for the machine. Therefore it was necessary to study the economic feasibility analysis of elephant grass cutting machine. The method used in this study was the economic analysis methodwhich includes the cost of production and the breakeven point, and business feasibility including net present value (NPV), benefit cost ratio analysis (BCR), internal rate of return (IRR) and payback period analysis (PBP). The results showed that the cost of production of elephant grass enemies was Rp 2,178 / kg with production breakeven 18.769 kg, BC ratio of 1.15, NPV1 of Rp 70,770, - NPV2 of Rp 61.333, - IRR of 27% and payback period during 2 months. So it can be concluded that the use of elephant-type elephant chopper machine was feasible to use.Keywords: Elephant grass, economic analysis, cutting machineABSTRAKKebutuhan rumput gajah untuk pakan ternak (silase) di daerah Lembang terus meningkat. Syarat pembuatan silase tersebut bahwa panjang potongan rumput gajah sebaiknya < 5 cm. Untuk itudiperlukan sebuah mesin pencacah rumput gajah sesuai syarat pembuatan silase. LaboratoriumAlat dan Mesin Pertanian Departemen Teknik Pertanian dan Biosistem FTIP Unpad telah mengembangkan sebuah mesin pencacah rumput gajah sesuai syarat pembuatan silase tersebut, tetapi belum dilakukan analisis kelayakan ekonomi untuk mesin tersebut. Oleh karena itdiperlukan suatu penelitian berkenaan dengan analisis kelayakan ekonomi mesin pencacah rumput gajah. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode analisis ekonomi yang meliputi biaya pokok produksi dan titik impas, serta kelayakan usaha yang meliputi net present value(NPV), benefit cost ratio analysis (BCR), internal rate of return (IRR) dan payback period analysis(PBP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biaya pokok produksi mesin pencacah rumput gajah adalah Rp 2.178/kg dengan titik impas produksi 18.769 kg, BC rasio sebesar 1,15, NPV1 sebesar Rp 70.770,- NPV2 = Rp 61.333,- IRR sebesar 27% dan payback period selama 2 bulan. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengunaan mesin pencacah rumput gajah tipe reel layak digunakan. Kata Kunci : Rumput Gajah, Analisis Ekonomi, Mesin Pencacah

scholarly journals Economic Analysis of Snail Marketing in Ibadan North East Local Government Area Oyo State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
A. F. Aderounmu ◽  
I. O. Oyewo ◽  
O. O. Oke
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
North East ◽  
Frequency Table ◽  
Marketing Efficiency ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost

This paper reports findings from a study carried out to investigate the profitability of snail marketing in Ibadan North East Local Government area of Oyo State. Structured questionnaires and interview schedules were designed to obtain information on socio-economic characteristics, operational capital and source, years of experience in the business and constraints to snail marketing. Seventy snail marketers, randomly selected from three major markets which are Oje, Agodi gate and Agugu market;. The data collected were analyzed using frequency table, percentage, gross margin, Benefit/ Cost ratio and Marketing Efficiency analyses. Majority (94.3%) of the respondents were female while 5.7% were male. 31.5% were between the ages of 51-60years with mean age of 54.9 years. It was also shown that 50% source their capital through personal savings between N11,000-N20,000 and 47.1% with 5-9years experience. The cost and return analysis revealed that total revenue was N1, 457,700.00k and total cost was N1, 285,320.00k while gross margin    was N172, 380.00k and benefit- cost ratio was 1.13 which implies that for every N1.00 invested the marketer will make a return of N1.13k on every snail sold, Marketing efficiency was 88%. Major constraints to snail marketing in the study area were poor market patronage (87.1%) and seasonality (82.9%). Snail farming is advocated since it is a profitable agribusiness and can be achieved through cooperatives and micro credit facilities. Also, marketing of snail in the area    should be restructured and standardized to command frequent patronage and command higher price value.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KELAYAKAN USAHA PEMASARAN BIBIT BUAH (Studi Kasus Pada CV. Flora Chania di Kecamatan Palaran Kota Samarinda) (The Feasibility Analysis of Marketing Business of Fruit Seedling (Case Study at the CV. Flora Chania in Palaran Subcity, Samarinda City))

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
FADHILLAH KUSUMA RAHAYU ◽  
SYARIFAH AIDA
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Technical Aspect ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost

The purposes of this research were to determine the cost, revenue, and profit of fruit seedling marketing and the feasibility of marketing business of fruit seedling at the CV. Flora Chania in Palaran Subcity, Samarinda City. This research was conducted during 3 months from March to May 2019. The data were collected secondary data. The analysis included calculation of cost, revenue, profit, Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Benefit Cost Ratio (Net B/C Ratio), dan payback period. The research results showed an average operational cost of IDR248,945,720.00 year-1 or IDR20,745,477.00 month-1, an average revenue of IDR349,900,000.00 year-1 or IDR29,083,333.00 month-1 and the average income of IDR100,818,566.00 year-1 or IDR8,326,547.00 month-1. This research found  the NPV value of IDR37,464,538.00 at a factor discount rate of 10%, IRR value of 4.6%, Net B/C Ratio value of 1.32, while the payback period of 1 year and 4 months. The results of this research  indicate that based on an assessment of technical aspect, management and legal aspects, market and marketing aspects, and financial aspect, the marketing of fruit seedling is feasible to be developed. 

scholarly journals Guide to cost benefit analysis of community-based interventions

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Sanni Yaya ◽  
Xiaonan Li
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
The Cost

This paper offers a general guide on how to conduct a proper economic analysis for community-based intervention projects. Identification and quantification of costs and benefits are the focus of the cost benefit analysis. We categorize costs and benefits from human and physical perspectives and pay special attention to the measures of saving human lives accompanied by the proposed calculation methods. We recommend net present value and benefit-cost ratio as the criteria to assess projects and highlight some challenges remaining in the analysis.

Efficient two-stage sequential arrays of proof of concept studies for pharmaceutical portfolios

2020 ◽  
pp. 096228022095817
Author(s):  
Linchen He ◽  
Linqiu Du ◽  
Zoran Antonijevic ◽  
Martin Posch ◽  
Valeriy R Korostyshevskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Benefit Cost

Previous work has shown that individual randomized “proof-of-concept” (PoC) studies may be designed to maximize cost-effectiveness, subject to an overall PoC budget constraint. Maximizing cost-effectiveness has also been considered for arrays of simultaneously executed PoC studies. Defining Type III error as the opportunity cost of not performing a PoC study, we evaluate the common pharmaceutical practice of allocating PoC study funds in two stages. Stage 1, or the first wave of PoC studies, screens drugs to identify those to be permitted additional PoC studies in Stage 2. We investigate if this strategy significantly improves efficiency, despite slowing development. We quantify the benefit, cost, benefit-cost ratio, and Type III error given the number of Stage 1 PoC studies. Relative to a single stage PoC strategy, significant cost-effective gains are seen when at least one of the drugs has a low probability of success (10%) and especially when there are either few drugs (2) with a large number of indications allowed per drug (10) or a large portfolio of drugs (4). In these cases, the recommended number of Stage 1 PoC studies ranges from 2 to 4, tracking approximately with an inflection point in the minimization curve of Type III error.

Micronutrient seed priming improves stand establishment, grain yield and biofortification of bread wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nauman Ali ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Muhammad Ahmad Hassan ◽  
Muhammad Shakeel Arshad ◽  
Muhammad Kamran Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Crop Stand

Agronomic biofortification by seed treatments is a convenient way to harvest improved yields of micronutrient-enriched grains. This 2-year field study was conducted to evaluate the effects of seed priming with zinc (Zn), boron (B) and manganese (Mn) alone and in combinations on stand establishment, grain yield and biofortification of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Seeds of wheat cv. Faisalabad-2008 were soaked in aerated solutions of 0.5 m Zn, 0.01 m B and 0.1 m Mn, alone and in different combinations, for 12 h. Seed priming with the micronutrients was quite effective in improving stand establishment, yield-contributing traits, grain yield, and straw and grain micronutrient contents during both years. Best stand establishment was achieved from seed priming with Zn+B, followed by seed priming with Zn+Mn. Grain yield improvement from different seed priming treatments was in the order Zn+B > Zn+Mn > Zn > B > Mn > Zn+B+Mn, with respective increases of 34%, 33%, 21%, 19%, 18% and 8% relative to untreated seeds. Seed priming with Zn, B and Mn alone and in combinations also improved the contents of the respective micronutrients in straw and grain. All seed priming treatments were economically profitable except Zn+B+Mn, which was not cost-effective. The highest benefit : cost ratio accrued from seed priming with Zn+B. In conclusion, seed priming with micronutrients was generally cost-effective in meeting the crop micronutrient requirements, and in improving crop stand, grain yield and grain micronutrient contents in bread wheat. Seed priming with Zn+B was the most effective in this regard.

scholarly journals Economic analysis of tilapia farming in some selected area of Dinajpur District: A comparison between monoculture and polyculture

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-121
Author(s):  
Zannatul Ferdoushi ◽  
Zubaida Parveen Patwary ◽  
Yeasmin Ara ◽  
Masud Rana
Keyword(s):  
Study Data ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Average Total Cost ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Production Period ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The study was conducted to assess the cost and return from tilapia farming. Fifty homestead aquaculture ponds practicing monoculture and polyculture of tilapia (25 farmers from each category) were selected for this study. Data had been collected through face to face interview by using a structured questionnaire during April to September 2015 from the selected farmers of Dinajpur districts. The results from the survey revealed that both the tilapia monoculture and polyculture farming were profitable. However, the average total cost per hectare per production period was found higher (Tk. 332,712.08) in tilapia monoculture than tilapia culture with carps (Tk. 241,722.34). Moreover, the net margin was also found higher in tilapia monoculture with benefit cost ratio 1.51. Whereas, the benefit cost ratio in polyculture farming was 1.34. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 17(1): 117–121, March 2019

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