scholarly journals Clinico-Epidemiological Study of Self-Poisoning by Different Pharmaceutical Agents

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Habib Ahmed ◽  
Ferdousi Rahman ◽  
Mahbubur Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Enamul Karim ◽  
Sayeda Rahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Organophosphorous Compound ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pharmaceutical Agents ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Level Hospital

Background: In Bangladesh self-poisoning cases are mostly of organophosphorous compound (OPC). It is documented that 14% of all deaths amongst 10 to 50 year old women in Bangladesh were due to poisoning, the majority following suicidal ingestion of pesticides. In tertiary level hospital, a large number of self-poisoning cases are of different pharmaceutical agents, mostly from urban areas and mostly of teenager group. So the trend of self-poisoning is different in urban area than that of rural area. These pharmaceutical agent self-poisoning cases admitted into the hospitals have different modalities of clinical features with variable outcomes and socioeconomic background. But there is no actual data of these self-poisoning by the different pharmaceutical agents. Therefore, this study was aimed to describe the pattern of self-poisoning by different pharmaceutical agents.Methods: A descriptive longitudinal study was conducted in five adult medicine units of a tertiary level hospital from January 2008 to June 2008. All self-poisoned patients with different pharmaceutical agents were included with their prior informed written consent. A pre-tested questionnaire was used for data collection.Results: A total of 281 patients were interviewed. Most of the patients were female (70.8%) with highest age range from 13 to 30 years (91.81%). Most of the patients were students (53%) and 40.9% were secondary school certificate pass. 60.1% patients were unmarried. Most of the patients were from urban area (84%). The commonest background for self-poisoning was family disharmony (74.46%). Most common offending pharmaceutical agents were benzodiazepines (44.10%), collected mostly from local dispensary without prescription (89.33%). Most of the patients consulted within 1 to 2 hours of poisoning (44.5%). Commonest consultation before admission was in a Government hospital (48.40%). Only 3 patients (1.10%) were known to have psychiatric illness. Five patients (1.80%) had previous history of self-poisoning. Most of the patients (89.3%) stayed in the hospital for 1 day with no mortality.Conclusion: Self poisoning by pharmaceutical agents is common especially in urban areas. Common offending pharmaceutical agents were benzodiazepines. The commonest background for self-poisoning was family disharmony.J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, June 2016, Vol.8(1); 17-22

Syphilis among men who have sex with men attending a large HIV clinic in Trinidad

2021 ◽  
pp. 095646242199719
Author(s):  
Robert Jeffrey Edwards ◽  
Isshad John ◽  
Selena Todd ◽  
Leon-Omari Lavia ◽  
David Musa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Previous History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Age Range

A chart review study was conducted to determine the prevalence of syphilis and explore the associated risk factors among men who have sex with men (MSM) who attended a large HIV clinic in Trinidad during the period January–December 2019. Patients were routinely screened for syphilis annually, and demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were extracted from the medical records. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed, and factors significantly associated with a syphilis diagnosis were assessed using multivariate logistic regression. During the period, 218 MSM were seen, age range 19–67 years, and median age 34.0 years. The prevalence of syphilis was 41.3% (90/218), and 71.1% (64//90) of these infections were asymptomatic. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression showed that MSM living with HIV in the 30–34 years old-age group (OR, 4.32; 95% CI, 1.04–18.02), and those with a previous history of treated syphilis (OR, 10.18; 95% CI, 4.60–22.53) were more likely to be diagnosed with syphilis. The prevalence of syphilis is high among MSM attending the HIV clinic in Trinidad, and most of these infections were asymptomatic; hence, targeted and sustained interventions to reduce syphilis transmission are urgently required. Repeat episodes of syphilis may play a role in the transmission dynamics of syphilis in MSM.

scholarly journals Metoclopramide-Induced Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome: A Review Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ideh Ghafour ◽  
Forouzan Elyasi
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Muscle Rigidity ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Idiosyncratic Reaction ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Range

Context: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) has been introduced as a rare but lethal and idiosyncratic reaction to neuroleptics/antipsychotics. The most obvious risk of this syndrome is the use of neuroleptics, especially high-potency ones. Metoclopramide is also known as an anti-nausea medication administered before surgery to manage digestive problems. Evidence Acquisition: Formerly, it had been assumed that metoclopramide was a type of chlorobenzamide that was not in the phenothiazine group but free of extrapyramidal side effects (EPSs). The sequential reports of complications indicate that metoclopramide can cause EPSs and drug-induced motor side effects. A total number of 5044 articles were obtained after the initial search. Then, two researchers independently screened out their titles, and abstracts and 20 articles were finally selected based on the inclusion criteria. Results: Of the 20 articles reporting metoclopramide-induced NMS, treatments had been successful in 16 (80%) cases, but it had led to death in four (20%) patients. There were 11 and 8 male and female patients, respectively, and gender was not mentioned for a patient in one article. The age range of the patients was from six months to 84 years, and the mean age was 50.92 years. Conclusions: Although NMS following metoclopramide intake is reported very rarely, it should be considered for any psychiatric symptoms with unexpected mental changes, muscle rigidity, and fever after being treated with metoclopramide. The neuroleptic malignant syndrome can occur following multiple doses or just one dose of metoclopramide. Also, metoclopramide use in patients affected with kidney failure is accompanied by a higher risk of NMS. A previous history of NMS, a recent episode of catatonia, and severe agitation are all taken into account as risk factors in this domain.

scholarly journals Machas de inundação no município de Itajubá-MG

ForScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e00594
Author(s):  
Caik Elisio Tonelli Faria ◽  
Alexandre Augusto Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Computer Programs ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Planning Problems

Problemas e catástrofes geradas por ações da natureza são cíclicos na história de nosso planeta.Um desses problemas, se não o principal e mais recorrente, são as inundações que vêm ocasionando diversos prejuízos tanto para a população quanto para os municípios em geral. Com o município de Itajubá-MG não é diferente. Principalmente por ter se desenvolvido às margens do rio Sapucaí, tem passado por problemas com inundações desde a sua fundação em 1819. No ano 2000, foi registrada uma das suas maiores inundações, que afetou 80% da sua população urbana. Atualmente, devido aos avanços da tecnologia, problemas referentes às inundações podem ser diagnosticados e evitados, utilizando-se programas computacionais, como Autocad e Global Mapper, com os quais, dentro deste trabalho, pôde-se se ter a real noção das áreas dentro do município em estudo susceptíveis a enchentes e inundações. Como principal resultado, observou-se uma mancha de inundação ocupando 65% da área urbana total do município, o que pode servir como base para realizar obras de prevenção e permitir um avanço municipal controlado. A partir desse levantamento pode-se ter a representação da fragilidade da cidade quanto a problemas ambientais decorrentes das chuvas torrenciais. Percebe-se a necessidade de um maior e melhor planejamento do crescimento urbano, por parte dos órgãos regulamentadores, adotando-se estratégias para o desenvolvimento eficiente e sustentável da região. Palavras-chave: Inundações. Planejamento. Problemas.   Flood spots in municipality of Itajubá-mg Abstract Problems and disasters generated by nature actions are cyclical in the history of our planet. One of these problems , maybe the major and most frequent, are the flooding which has been causing many losses for both the population and the municipalities in general. In the city of Itajubá -MG it is not different. Mainly because the city is located in the banks of the Sapucai river, it has experienced problems with flooding since its foundation in 1819. In 2000, the city faced one of its biggest floods, which affected 80% of its urban population. Currently, due to advances in technology, problems related to flooding can be diagnosed and prevented by using computer programs such as Autocad and Global Mapper, which ones, in this work, allow us to have a good idea about areas in the studied city, that could be potentially affected by floods. As the best result,  one flood spot occupying 65% of the urban area of the city was observed. The information can be used for preventing actions and as a base for a mediated growing. From this results, it is possible to measure how fragile is the city regarding to environmental problems related to storms, which requires that regulatory organizations make a bigger and better growing planning for the urban areas, applying strategies for the efficient and sustainable development in the region. Keywords: Floods. Planning. Problems.

scholarly journals Outcome of myringoplasty

1970 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mani Lal Aich ◽  
ABM Khorshed Alam ◽  
Debesha Chandra Talukder ◽  
Abdullah Al Harun ◽  
M Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Surgical Outcome ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Temporalis Fascia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Level Hospital ◽  
Outcome Of Surgery ◽  
Air Conduction

A cross sectional, observational study was carried out on myringoplasty at a tertiary level hospital, with the aims to see the outcome of surgery. The study included 100 myringoplasty in central dry perforations of tubotympanic variety of CSOM. Age range of patients was from 15 years to 45 years; male was 56%.There was insignificant influences of age or sex on success rate. The surgeries were done under either local or general anaesthesia by underlay technique with temporalis fascia as a graft in all cases with different approaches without any significant influences on outcome. Site and size of the perforations had significant effect on surgical outcome. The overall graft take rate was 84%. The mean preoperative and postoperative air conduction threshold in the successful cases were 35.2dB & 24.1dB respectively with a mean audiological improvement of 11.1dB & air bone gap improvement was 12.4dB. Key words: Myringoplasty, outcome. DOI: 10.3329/bjo.v15i2.5054 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2009; 15(2): 40-44

Parasuicidal poisoning treated in a Greek medical ward: epidemiology and clinical experience

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 611-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
A I Hatzitolios ◽  
M L Sion ◽  
N P Eleftheriadis ◽  
E Toulis ◽  
G Efstratiadis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Prospective Case Series

Objective: To study the epidemiology of acute poisoning patients presenting to an acute medical service ward in a Greek hospital between January 1998 and December 2000. Design: Prospective case series. Results: A total of 273 patients with self-poisoning were included in the study. This represented 3.8% of the overall admissions to the unit. The mean age of patients was 33, the most frequent age group being that aged 20–30 years (36.2% of total) with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.97. Sixty per cent of patients was admitted within 4 h. Those from urban areas comprised 76.2% and 23.8% from rural areas. The most frequently ingested agents were psychopharmaceuticals (37.4%) and analgesics/anti-rheumatics (32.6%). Pesticides (7.7% of total) were most frequently used by patients coming from rural areas (32.3% of patients from rural areas). Alcohol was included in the overdose in 8.4%. Of the patients, 16.2% had a previous history of overdose. In this case series, psychiatric assessment suggested that 52% of the patients had a formal psychotic diagnosis, 21% had personality disorder and 27% had taken an overdose in response to stress. The most frequently documented precipitating factors were family problems and disputes (37%). Unusually, the seasonal distribution in these patients suggested a peak in summer (37.5% of presentations) with lower numbers in spring (30.2%), autumn (17.7%) and winter (14.6%). Of the patients, 23.7% presented in July. A total of 73.5% of patients was conscious, 16.4% was somnolent, 4.5% was in precoma and 5.6% was in coma (GCS <8). Patients who received antidotal therapy comprised 17.9%. Evidence of hepatic dysfunction was observed in 8.9% of patients and renal dysfunction in 3.6%. Extracorporeal techniques for drug removal (hemodialysis and hemoperfusion) were used in 2.2% of patients. Intensive care therapy was required in 11.4% of patients. The mean overall hospitalization time was 3.3 days. The mortality rate was 2.9%. Conclusions: This study shows that the epidemiology of self-harm by overdose in Greece is significantly different in terms of the seasonal presentation from other parts of Europe. The agents ingested and other features are similar to northern Europe. Psychiatric diagnoses are more common in our group than in those reported from northern Europe.

scholarly journals Patient Waiting Time in Emergency Department of a Tertiary Level Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Md Khorshedul Islam ◽  
Mohammed Abu Khair ◽  
Fahmida Khanam
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Patient Waiting Time ◽  
Level Hospital ◽  
Patient Waiting

Background: Patient waiting time is an important factor of utilizing hospital service, patient satisfaction, quality of management etc. Hence, emergency department (ED) performance can be best assessed by measuring patients’ waiting time and affecting factors at this department. Objective: To determine patient waiting time at ED and associated factors in a tertiary level hospital. Materials and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in ED of Chattogram Medical College & Hospital (CMCH), Bangladesh. A total of 175 patients or their attendants at ED were enrolled by convenient sampling technique. Data were collected by face- to- face interview with pretested semi-structured questionnaire and observational checklist. Descriptive statistics was used for analysis by MS Excel and SPSS 21st version windows software. Result: Around half (47.40%) was male followed by female (32%) and children (20.6%). Mean (± SD) age of the patients was 33.69 ± 21.33 years. More than half (52.6%) were from rural areas followed by urban areas (47.7%). Average monthly family income was Tk. 23891.43(±13033.76). Mean (±SD) waiting time for collecting ticket, consultation with doctor, physical examination, and nursing services were 8.06(±7.98) minutes, 5.46(±6.95) minutes, 2.30(±1.11) minutes and 8(±6.22) minutes respectively. More than two fifth (41.1%) patients had waiting time within 5 minutes. The ratio of doctor/patient, nurse/patient, ticket provider/patient and trolleys & wheel chairs bearer/patient were 1:115, 1:58, 1:115 and 1:40 respectively. Majority of the patients (57.7%) were transferred to Inpatient Department (IPD). Statistically significant relationship was found between satisfaction on overall management and overall waiting time of ED (χ2 = 22.47, df =6, p=0.001). Conclusion: Majority (48.1%) found satisfied with waiting time at the emergency department. JOPSOM 2019; 38(2): 15-21

scholarly journals Magnitude and associated factors of caesarean section deliveries among women who gave birth in Southwest Ethiopia: institutional-based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayenew Mose ◽  
Haimanot Abebe
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multiple Pregnancies ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Caesarean section is a life-saving comprehensive obstetric procedure of women and newborn performed during childbirth-related complications and should be universally accessible for all pregnant mothers globally. Appropriate use of caesarean section can reduce maternal and perinatal mortality. However, inappropriate use of caesarean section can negatively affect infant health, women health, and future pregnancies. The magnitude and factors associated with caesarean section delivery were not consistent and will vary between different hospitals of Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed at assessing the magnitude and factors associated with caesarean section deliveries in Southwest Ethiopia. Methods and Materials An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1 to February 29, 2020. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 551 study participants. A pretested, structured, and face-to-face interview was used to collect data. Data were entered into Epi-data version 4.2.0 and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify factors associated with caesarean section deliveries. P values < 0.05 result were considered as a statistically significant association. Results The magnitude of caesarean section deliveries was found to be 32.5 % (95 % CI; 28.6%-36.7 %). Mothers resided in an urban area [AOR = 2.58, (95% CI; 1.66–4.01)], multiple pregnancies [AOR = 3.15, (95% CI; 1.89–5.23), malpresentation [AOR = 3.05, (95% CI; 1.77–5.24)], and previous history of caesarean section [AOR = 3.55, (95% CI; 2.23–5.64) were factors associated with caesarean section deliveries. Conclusions Caesarean section deliveries were found high in the study area. Mothers resided in an urban area, multiple pregnancies, malpresentation, and previous history of caesarean section were factors associated with caesarean section deliveries. Therefore, counselling of mothers on the risk of giving birth through elective caesarean section without absolute and relative medical indications and giving enough time for the trial of vaginal birth after caesarean section are recommended.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic Status and Pattern of Poisoning in a Tertiary Level Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Md Anisur Rahman Howlader ◽  
Suranjit Kumar Saha ◽  
Md Towhid Alam ◽  
MM Shahin Ul Islam ◽  
Md Abdullah Al Kafee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medicine Department ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Medical College ◽  
History Of ◽  
Occupation Level ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Level Hospital ◽  
Related Mortality

Poisoning is responsible for a large number of hospital admissions in Bangladesh. Sociodemographic status and pattern of poisoning are changing day by day. That's why poisoning related mortality and morbidity are varying. This study was carried out in the Medicine department of Faridpur Medical College Hospital (FMCH) from January to June 2017, to observe the sociodemographic status, such as age, sex, residence, occupation, level of education of patient, mode and pattern of poisoning. Cases were selected randomly in ward and data were collected in a data sheet with consent. Sample size was 100 and age range was from 15 to 65 years. Among them female were 60(60%). Maximum number (64%) of cases was on age range from 15 to 25 years that comprises 41% female and 23% male. Subsequently second highest number (20%) was on range from 26-35 years. Most of the female (60%) were housewives and maximum (40%) of male were student. Highest number (60%) of patients studied academically below SSC. Regarding mode of poisoning suicidal attempted was highest (85%) and among them about 68% were female. Organophosphorus compound (OPC) was most common (52%) poisoning agent and most of them (67%) were female. Street poisoning was observed in 11(11%) cases and all were male. Subsequently sedative and harpic poisoning occurred in same number (10 in each) of cases. History of gul poisoning was found in 8% cases and most of them were female. Besides them paracetamol, savlon and others poisoning were documented in 4%, 2% and 3% respectively. Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jan 2020;15(1): 8-11

REPORT OF SUBCOMMITTEE ON ACCIDENTAL POISONING

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 676-680
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lead Intoxication ◽  
Accidental Poisoning ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ready Access ◽  
Age Range

LEAD INTOXICATION occurs most frequently in children between 1 and 3 years of age. (In the various series of cases reported in the literature approximately 85% of the cases were first diagnosed in the children in this age range.) For reasons not completely understood approximately 80% of symptomatic cases occur during the summer months. With rare exceptions children exhibiting clinical lead intoxication reside in the older sections of urban areas where they may have ready access to crumbling, peeling or easily chipped paint. Lead pigment paints were widely used for indoor painting until approximately 25 years ago. Lead pigments are still found in exterior paints, particularly those specified as mildew suppressants. Since the absorption of lead from the intestine proceeds slowly a child must nibble upon these flakes for several months before a quantity of lead sufficient to produce toxic manifestations is absorbed into the body. The child need ingest only a few chips each week; but if he continues this practice for longer than 3 to 6 months the clinical manifestations of lead intoxication to be described may occur thereafter, especially during the summer months. Although a history of pica may be a valuable question to ask in public health surveys, one must not overlook the possibility of pica even when it is denied. It is important for the clinician to realize that mothers may or may not observe their children eating a paint chip now and then. Even when they do see it they may not attribute much importance to the ingestion of the paint. If the clinician strongly suspects the possibility of lead poisoning he should proceed with the necessary laboratory diagnostic steps.

scholarly journals Transverse Preputial Island Flap for Hypospedias Repair: A Study in A Tertiary Level Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Hafiz Al Asad ◽  
Md Selim Morshed ◽  
Tasnim Alam Manzer ◽  
Abu Naser Md Lutful Hasan ◽  
Zulfia Zinat Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmetic Outcome ◽  
Island Flap ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Challenging Problem ◽  
Penile Skin ◽  
Urethrocutaneous Fistula ◽  
Urethral Plate ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Level Hospital

Introduction: Hypospadias continues to be a challenging problem for reconstructive surgeon. As urethral plate preservation got an important role, transverse preputial island flap (TPIF) urethroplasty is one of the preferred technique for sub-coronal and distal penile hypospadius. Methods: This study was conducted at urology department, DMCH, from February, 2014 to June, 2017 where 15 patients underwent TPIF urethroplasty. Inner preputial flap with its pedicle was developed and separated from the dorsal penile skin which was sutured to the urethral plate in an onlay manner over a stent by running suture. Glanuloplasty and meatoplasty was done and skin closed.SPC was done in every cases. Dressing was checked on 5th POD, stent was removed after 03 weeks. SPC was removed 2 to 3 days after satisfactory voiding. All patients were followed up at 6th and 12th week. Results: Among the 15 patients age range was 2-14 years and mean age. Sub-coronal in 4 and distal penile was in 11 patients. Following TPIF urethroplasty wound disruption was noted in one patient for that glans closure was done successfully. There was no meatal stenosis and urethrocutaneous fistula in follow up. Regarding cosmetic outcome 12 were good, 2 were acceptable and 1 was poor. Conclusion: Success rate of TPIF urethroplasty in case of sub-coronal and distal penile hypospadias is excellent. Cosmetic outcome should be considered most challenging and with experience of surgeons this aspect will be improved. Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 23, No. 1, January 2020 p.43-47

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