scholarly journals Microbiological surveillance of air and contact surface of pubic transports with its correlation to human infection risks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Shah Murshid Uj Jaman Arowan ◽  
Kamal Kanta Das ◽  
Farahnaaz Feroz
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Bacillus Spp

Over past few years, people are giving more attention to air pollution and its effects on human health. Due to the high population density in Bangladesh, air pollution is a major issue in metropolitan areas, especially in Dhaka city. Present study aims to isolate air-borne microbes from the inside environment of public transport and different types of microbes that are frequently encountered by commuters when they touch the interior surfaces of vehicles used for public transport in Dhaka City. Atmospheric load of microorganisms was measured with petri dish which was kept open for 30 minutes in the sampling locations and swabs were taken from interior surfaces of vehicles. Air samples collected from both bus and railway stations showed a high atmospheric microbial count (total viable bacteria and total fungal count were 140 to 776 CFU/plate/30 min and 27 to 168 CFU/plate/30 min, respectively). A similar outcome was found after analysis of swab samples of the contact surfaces of the vehicles as well. A total of four bacterial pathogens were identified from the interior surfaces of the vehicle including Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Vibrio spp. which are known to be associated with gastrointestinal tract infection. To manage and control the environmental health risks caused by air pathogens, an authorized governmental agency should do continuous monitoring of air quality to reduce the negative effects and impacts of air pathogens on human and animal health. This research has shown a great concern to health practitioners in developing countries because these are pathogens that are mostly resistant to the commonly available antibiotics used in the treatment of infection associated with these pathogens. Most importantly, we need to raise awareness among the public in order to reduce the load and spread of pathogenic bacteria in the environment. Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.11 (1) 2021: 7-10

scholarly journals Bacterial Contamination of Street Vended Food Pani Puri Available in Janakpurdham, Dhanusha

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
Nagendra Prasad Yadav ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Yadav ◽  
Satyam Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Dilution Technique ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Objectives: To determine the level of bacterial contamination in food (Panipuri) available in market of Janakpur, Dhanusha, Nepal. Methods: Total 120 samples of Panipuri (60 solid matters and 60 masalaa Pani) collected aseptically from the market were transported to the microbiology laboratory and processed for microbial count by serial dilution technique. Microbial load and presence of pathogen were detected in each sample. Results: Analysis of the food samples revealed that 70% of Panipuri samples had high loads of bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella spp, Pseudomonas spp, Bacillus spp.  Conclusion: This study depicted that the street vended food Panipuri of Janakpur are highly contaminated with pathogenic bacteria which can cause health risk to consumers. Thus, it is suggested that regular monitoring of the quality of street foods must be practiced to avoid any food bone illness in future.

scholarly journals Microbiological analysis of ready to eat foods collected from different places of Dhaka city, Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Md Aftab Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
French Fries ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Fish Fillet ◽  
Bacillus Spp

The current study was attempted to observe the microbiological quality of ready to eat foods collected from different places of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Ten food samples that include five fried items-fried chicken, fish fillet, shrimp fries, French fries, potato chop and five sweet items-yoghurt, pudding, ice cream, mango drink, lemon drink were analyzed during the period from September 2017 to November 2017. Conventional cultural, microscopic and biochemical tests were followed for the detection and enumeration of bacterial isolates associated with these food samples. The investigation encompassed detection of total viable bacterial count (TVBC) and presumptive identification of other pathogenic bacteria from these samples. The higher counts of TVBC, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus spp. were recorded as 1.94×106 cfu/g (potato chop), 3.1×104 cfu/g (fried shrimp), 7.5×103 cfu/g (fried chicken) and 1.0 x 103 cfu/g (French fries) respectively. Based on the specifications by International Commission for Microbiological Specification for Foods (ICMSF), the level of contaminations was within acceptable microbiological limits except for potato chop. Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.8(1) 2018: 30-33

scholarly journals Isolation of Multi-Drug Resistant Potential Pathogenic Bacteria From Blow Fly Collected From Different Areas of Dhaka City

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-214
Author(s):  
Tangin Akter ◽  
Samira Jahan ◽  
Sangita Ahmed ◽  
Shanjida Sultana ◽  
Shefali Begum
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Blow Fly ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Blow Flies ◽  
Fish Market ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

The research work was conducted for isolation and identification of potential pathogenic bacteria from blow fly (Calliphora spp.) and to investigate their antibiotic susceptibility. For this purpose, 20 blow flies were collected from 4 selected areas (Curzon Hall, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Fruit Store and Fish Market) of Dhaka city. A total of 40 samples (20 from external surface and 20 from alimentary gut homogenates) were prepared from the blow flies. Among the total 20 flies, 3(15%) were collected from Curzon Hall and 5(12.5%) isolates were obtained from them; 6(30%) flies were collected from DMCH which had 11(27.5%) isolates; 5(25%) flies were collected from fruit stores and 10(25%) isolates were collected from there; 6(30%) flies were collected from fish market and 14(35%) isolates were collected from there. The isolated bacteria were presumptively identified as Escherichia coli, 12 (30%); Salmonella spp., 8 (20%); Shigella spp., 4(10%); Enterobacter spp., 3 (7.5%); Klebsiella spp., 2 (5%); Bacillus spp., 7 (17.5%) and Staphylococcus spp., 4 (10%) in number which were based on morphology as observed under microscope as well as cultural and biochemical properties. All of these isolates were resistant to various antibiotics. Bacterial susceptibility showed that E. coli isolates were highly resistant (66.6%) to Penicillin, Salmonella spp. mostly resistant (62.5%) to Penicillin and Tetracycline. Klebsiella spp. Isolates were 100% resistant to Penicillin and 100% sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Imipenem and Tetracycline. In case of Shigella spp. and Enterobacter spp., 75% and 100% isolates were resistant to Penicillin respectively. Among the Staphylococcus spp. isolates, 75% were resistant to Ampicillin and Penicillin. In case of Bacillus spp. isolates, 57.2% were resistant to Penicillin and 100% sensitive to Imipenem. Antibiotic resistance of these species affect our human health also. This study demonstrated the potential of blow flies as a vector of various pathogenic microorganisms and a mode of transmission of antibiotic resistance. Bangladesh J. Zool. 49 (2): 205-214, 2021

scholarly journals Isolation of pathogenic microorganisms and determination of their antibiotic resistance patterns collected from different bakery products of Dhaka city

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K.K. Das ◽  
A. Sarkar ◽  
A. Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Bakery products play an important part in the diet of daily life and provide vital nutrients to human. But pathogenic microorganisms may get entry to bakery items through improper handling and storage which may lead some disease to consumers. For this reason, the objective of this study was to detect pathogenic bacteria in different bakery products collected from different places of Dhaka city. In this study, commonly consumed bakery items such as sweets, biscuit, cake and bread samples were collected from different locations for the detection of pathogenic microorganism. Here, all the samples were found to be contaminated huge microbial count up to 106 CFU/g. Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were most predominate among all. On the other hand, Escherichia coli was totally absent in all the samples. This result indicated that bakery products prepared under unhygienic environments and which may serve as a reservoir of various pathogenic bacteria and most of them were showed resistance against common antibiotics. To ensure the health safety of consumer’s government should take necessary actions to educated food handlers.

scholarly journals High Heritabilities for Antibiotic Usage Show Potential to Breed for Disease Resistance in Finishing Pigs

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 829
Author(s):  
Wim Gorssen ◽  
Dominiek Maes ◽  
Roel Meyermans ◽  
Jürgen Depuydt ◽  
Steven Janssens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Antibiotic Usage ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Parenteral Antibiotic ◽  
On Farm

The use of antimicrobials in animal production is under public debate, mainly due to the risk of transfer of resistance to pathogenic bacteria in humans. Therefore, measures have been taken during the last few decades to reduce antibiotic usage in animals, for instance, by national monitoring programmes and by improving animal health management. Although some initiatives exist in molecular genetic selection, quantitative genetic selection of animals towards decreased antibiotic usage is an underexplored area to reduce antibiotic usage. However, this strategy could yield cumulative effects. In this study, we derived new phenotypes from on-farm parenteral antibiotic records from commercially grown crossbred finishing pigs used in the progeny test of Piétrain terminal sires to investigate the heritability of antibiotics usage. Parenteral antibiotic records, production parameters and pedigree records of 2238 full-sib pens from two experimental farms in Belgium between 2014 and 2020 were analysed. Heritability estimates were moderate (18–44%) for phenotypes derived from all antibiotic treatments, and low (1–15%) for phenotypes derived from treatments against respiratory diseases only. Moreover, genetic correlations between these new phenotypes and mortality were low to moderate (0.08–0.60) and no strong adverse genetic correlations with production traits were found. The high heritabilities and favourable genetic correlations suggest these new phenotypes, derived from on-farm antibiotics records, to be promising for inclusion in future pig breeding programs to breed for a decrease in antibiotics usage.

scholarly journals Quantifying within- and between-animal variation and uncertainty associated with counts of Escherichia coli O157 occurring in naturally infected cattle faeces

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (31) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E Robinson ◽  
P.E Brown ◽  
E.J Wright ◽  
C.A Hart ◽  
N.P French
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Infected Cattle ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fixed And Random Effects ◽  
Cattle Faeces ◽  
Multiple Samples

Cattle faeces are considered the most important reservoir for human infection with Escherichia coli O157. We have previously described shedding of E. coli O157 in the faeces of naturally infected cattle cohorts. However, the data require further investigation to quantify the uncertainty and variability in the estimates previously presented. This paper proposes a method for analysing both the presence and the quantity of E. coli O157 in cattle faecal samples, using two isolation procedures, one of which enumerates E. coli O157. The combination of these two measurements, which are fundamentally different in nature and yet measuring a common outcome, has necessitated the development of a novel statistical model for ascertaining the contribution of the various components of variation (both natural and observation induced) and for judging the influence of explanatory variables. Most of the variation within the sampling hierarchy was attributable to multiple samples from the same animal. The contribution of laboratory-level variation was found to be low. After adjusting for fixed and random effects, short periods of increased intensity of shedding were identified in individual animals. We conclude that within-animal variation is greater than between animals over time, and studies aiming to elucidate the dynamics of shedding should focus resources, sampling more within than between animals. These findings have implications for the identification of persistent high shedders and for assessing their role in the epidemiology of E. coli O157 in cattle populations. The development of this non-standard statistical model may have many applications to other microbial count data.

scholarly journals Evaluation of sanitary quality of goat milk in dairy industries from the Cariri region, state of Paraíba

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e596101220735
Author(s):  
Iara Nunes de Siqueira ◽  
Aline Antas Cordeiro Cavalcanti ◽  
Joyce Galvão de Souza ◽  
Filipe Jordão Pereira de Medeiros ◽  
João Carlos Taveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

The sanitary evaluation of equipment and hands is fundamental to investigate the presence of pathogens in the dairy industry. Then, this study aims to evaluate the sanitization of equipment, workers’ hands, raw and pasteurized milk in goat milk dairies in the Cariri region, state of Paraíba.  Collected 32 samples of four dairies represented by letters A, B, C, and D. The followings contents were analyzed: mesophiles, total and thermotolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Samonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes in the reception tank, pasteurization tank, packing machine, package, wall, workers’ hand, and each dairy’s raw and pasteurized milk. After isolation, 84 colonies were confirmed by MALDI TOF. The indicator microorganisms presented variations for the workers’ hands, while A and B stayed within the patterns. For the equipment, only dairy B was within limits. They were out of the standard for mesophiles, total coliforms, and thermotolerant regarding raw and pasteurized milk. The microorganisms, the Enterobacteriaceae family presented a higher frequency, with 77.38%, and within this family, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Enterobacter spp. were the most prevalent. Gram-positive corresponded to 22.62%, Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., and Macrococcus caseolyticus. Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. were not isolated. These demonstrate failures in goat milk processing with pathogenic bacteria in several dairy plants, indicating the need to adjust the product’s quality control.

scholarly journals Behavioural changes in urban mobility in Barcelona due to the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Peters
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
The City

This study assesses changes in mobility behaviour in the City of Barcelona due the COVID‐19pandemic and its impact on air pollution and GHG emissions. Urban transport is an important sourceof global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Improving urban mobility patterns is therefore crucial formitigating climate change. This study combines quantitative survey data and official governmentdata with in‐depth interviews with public administration officials of the City. Data illustrates thatBarcelona has experienced an unprecedented reduction in mobility during the lockdown (a 90%drop) and mobility remained at comparatively low levels throughout the year 2020. Most remarkableis the decrease in the use of public transport in 2020 compared to pre‐pandemic levels, whereas roadtraffic has decreased to a lesser extent and cycling surged at times to levels up to 60% higher thanpre‐pandemic levels. These changes in mobility have led to a radical and historic reduction in airpollution, with NO2 and PM10 concentration complying with WHO guidelines in 2020. Reductions inGHG emissions for Barcelona’s transport sector are estimated at almost 250.000 t CO2eq in 2020 (7%of the City’s overall annual emissions). The study derives policy implications aimed at achieving along‐term shift towards climate‐friendlier, low‐emission transport in Barcelona, namely how torecover lost demand in public transport and seize the opportunity that the crisis brings for reform byfurther reducing road traffic and establishing a 'cycling culture' in Barcelona, as already achieved inother European cities.

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