scholarly journals Valorization of agroindustry waste for the elaboration of fishburgers

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e40010313395
Author(s):  
Sheyla Maria Barreto Amaral ◽  
Candido Pereira do Nascimento ◽  
Sandra Maria Lopes dos Santos ◽  
Maria Aparecida Liberato Milhome ◽  
Marlene Nunes Damaceno
Keyword(s):  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Waste Valorization ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Brazilian Legislation ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Agroindustrial Waste ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mechanically Separated Meat

Waste production derived from agroindustry (bark, bagasse and seeds) has been increasing in Brazil. The cultivation of cashew to produce chestnuts and products obtained from cashew peduncle has generated a large amount of residue. Therefore, the objective of this study was to elaborate Nile tilapia fishburger with addition of cashew residue flour (CRF) and evaluate its microbiological and physicochemical characteristics. Three formulations F0, F1 and F2 (0%, 5% and 10% CRF, respectively) were elaborated as a substitute for mechanically separated meat (MSM) from Nile tilapia. The results of the microbiological analyzes of CRF and fishburgers were satisfactory, according to standards established by the Brazilian legislation. Fishburger formulations showed low lipid and high protein content. The analysis of centesimal composition showed that there was no significant difference (p≥0.05) between the formulations (except water content and carbohydrate). The results show the elaboration of new products based on the residues of agroindustry provides greater access of fish products to different social classes and waste valorization. CRF has been applied to fishburger formulations satisfactorily, helping to reduce the environmental impacts associated with the disposal of this agroindustrial waste.

scholarly journals The ageing of parent carers: classed and gendered care-giving patterns at higher ages

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Ursula Henz
Keyword(s):  
Adult Children ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Parent Care ◽  
Multivariate Models ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Marital Union

Abstract Increasing longevity has led to a rising number of adult children who are at higher ages when they provide care for their parents. Drawing on the lifecourse approach and exchange theory, the paper addresses similarities and differences in parent care between late middle-aged and older adult children. The study uses the UK Household Longitudinal Study, restricting the analysis sample to individuals aged 50 and older with a living parent or parent-in-law. It presents multivariate models to examine differences between late middle-aged (aged 50–64) and older (aged 65+) children in being a parent carer, providing intensive care, the duration of parent care and providing selected types of help to parents. The involvement in parent care increases among women up to the end of their seventh decade of life and for men up to their eighth decade of life. At higher ages, the proportion of parent carers decreases more strongly for women than men. Older carers have shorter care-giving episodes than younger carers, but there is no significant difference in the type of care provided. Even past retirement age, parent care remains classed and gendered, with women from lower social classes having the highest likelihood of providing intensive parent care in old age. Having dependent children or living in a non-marital union depress the likelihood of caring for a parent even past retirement age.

scholarly journals Infrared Radiation Favorably Influences the Quality Characteristics of Key Lime Juice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammar B. Altemimi ◽  
Asaad R. S. Al-Hilphy ◽  
Tarek Gamal Abedelmaksoud ◽  
Salam A. Aboud ◽  
Laxmikant S. Badwaik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Pectin Methylesterase ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Lime Juice ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Key Lime ◽  
And Control

The effect of infrared radiation (IR) on the physicochemical characteristics, pectin methylesterase activity (PME), hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content, microbiological activity, color, and sensory aspects on black lime juice was studied. IR was compared to conventional thermal heating (CTH) in batch infrared extraction pasteurizer, designed to allow both infrared and conventional heating. IR resulted in a reduction in pH and Brix values and a mild increase in titratable acidity, as compared to CTH and control. After 60 days at 5 °C, the ascorbic acid percentage was decreased by 24.90%, 29.75%, and 58.31% in the control, IR and CTH, respectively. The total amount of phenols in juice treated with IR was higher as compared to CTH and control, while there was a significant decrease in the antioxidant activity. The statistical analysis reflected significantly low (p < 0.05) activity of PME for IR samples as compared to CTH and control. The amount of Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in all juice samples steadily increased during the storage at 5 °C in 60 days. The microbial content of control was 3.85 log cfu/mL after 60 days at 5 °C, while it was 2.1 log cfu/mL for IR which reflected a significant difference between the IR, CTH, and control samples. Additionally, color and sensory analysis of IR treated sample when compared to control, reflected similar attributes. Overall, IR was found to be an excellent substitute for the preservation of black lime juice as a rapid pasteurization technique with less heat exposure; wherein the nutrition and health benefits of the juice could be maintained for a minimum period of 60 days.

scholarly journals Productive performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed at different frequencies and periods with automatic dispenser

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M.R. Sousa ◽  
C.A. Agostinho ◽  
F.A. Oliveira ◽  
D. Argentim ◽  
P.K. Novelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

The performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) raised in cages furnished with an automatic dispenser, supplied at different frequencies (once per hour and once every two hours) and periods (daytime, nighttime and both) was evaluated. Eighteen 1.0m³ cages were placed into a 2000m² pond, two meters deep with a 5% water exchange. One hundred and seventy tilapias, with initial weight of 16.0±4.9g, were dispersed into each 1m³ cage and the feed ration was adjusted every 21 days with biometry. Data was collected from March to July (autumn and winter). Significant difference to final weight (P<0.05) among treatments was observed. The increase in feeding frequency improves the productive performance of Nile tilapias in cages and permitted better management of the food. The better feed conversion rate for high feeding frequency (24 times day-1) can result in saving up to 360kg of food for each ton of fish produced, increasing the economic sustenance for tilapia culture and suggesting less environmental pollution.

scholarly journals Utilization of fish waste as fish meal substitute in formulated fish diet on the growth performance of Nile tilapia fish fry (Oreochromis niloticus)

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S4) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Anizah M.R. ◽  
S.R. Manaf ◽  
Hilaliyah M.J.N.
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Fish Diet ◽  
Fish Waste ◽  
Significant Difference

Fish meal is generally expended as the foremost protein supply in the fish diet. The rising cost of this component inflicted the aquaculture industry to seek a substitute in lessening the pellet cost. Thus, fish waste was tested in this study to investigate its viability. An experiment was performed to study the effects of fish waste and carcass on the growth performance of Nile tilapia fry. Solid fish waste of three different common species available in Mukah’s wet market was formulated into an artificial diet. The diet was formulated into three treatments consist of three protein levels (40%, 45% and 50%) with 4000 kcal/kg energy. A controlled group was fed with a commercial pellet consisting of 45% protein level. Fish were fed at 4% of body weight twice daily for 45 days. Fry reared in a controlled group was discovered highest weight gain, specific growth rate and length gain. There was no significant difference in all treatments for all parameters measured. The lowest weight gain and specific growth rate were recorded in fish fed 45% protein level (T2) group. Fish in T3 (50%) achieved the highest survival rate while T1 (40%) group recorded the lowest. The best and lowest Feed Conversion ratio (FCR) was recorded in the control group. In conclusion, the performance of formulated feed using fish waste is similar to commercial pellet as no significant difference can be observed in all parameters measured.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Characteristics and Microbiological Quality of Honey Produced in Benin

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Ezin Azonwade ◽  
Armand Paraïso ◽  
Cokou P. Agbangnan Dossa ◽  
Victorien T. Dougnon ◽  
Christine N’tcha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Free Acidity ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics ◽  
Significant Difference

Honey is a very complex biological product. It has great diversity, giving it a multitude of properties, both nutritionally and therapeutically. This study aimed to study the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of honeys collected during the dry and rainy seasons in the different phytogeographical areas of Benin. The study revealed that all honeys had pH, water content, electrical conductivity, ash content, free acidity, total sugars, and reducing sugars, respectively, ranging within 3.65–4.09; 12.07–13.16%; 530.25–698.50 μs/cm; 0.42–0.53%; 35.67–40.52 meq/kg; 60–70%; and 58–70%. Moisture content, total sugars, and reducing sugars varied very significantly (p<0.05top<0.001) from one area to another and from one season to another. However, only the production season has a significant influence (p<0.05) on the pH of the honey. With regard to the ash content, free acidity, and electrical conduction, no significant difference (p>0.05) between the zones or between the seasons was observed. The results of the microbiological characterization showed that there is heterogeneity in the microbial load. These results have shown that these honeys meet international standards and their characterization will make it possible to obtain Beninese quality labels.

Vegetation of Beni Bousera (northern Morocco) ultramafic soils and adjacent non-ultramafic soils in relation to edaphic factors

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
A. El Ghalabzouri ◽  
R. Ajbilou ◽  
M. G. Mariotti ◽  
K. Targuisti ◽  
M. Ater
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Ultramafic Soils ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Principal Factors ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Clear Differentiation ◽  
Student’S T

Vegetation and soil sampling were undertaken in 47 relevés in two different sites in Beni Bousera (northern Morocco), 32 relevés were on ultramafic sites (peridotite) and 15 were on adjacent non-ultramafic soils (mica-schist). Soil composition of exchangeable elements (nickel, calcium, magnesium, calcium : magnesium ratio, iron, copper) and physicochemical characteristics (e.g. pH, cation exchange capacity, conductivity, carbonate) were investigated and the species composition and cover were recorded. Although there was a significant difference between the two types of soil shown by Student’s t-test and principal component analysis, the ‘serpentine factor’ can be considered moderate on the basis of the observed heavy metal concentrations and of the related calcium : magnesium ratio. Correspondence and canonical analysis were used to detect the principal factors associated with gradients in species composition. This analysis showed a clear differentiation of vegetation among the plant communities. Preferential or strict serpentinophyte species were recognised, whereas no hyperaccumulator species have yet been found.

scholarly journals Seasonal Dynamics of the Microbial and Physicochemical Characteristics of Streams and Boreholes in Uzuakoli, Eastern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Okezie Onyemaechi ◽  
Nwachukwu Ejikeme
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

Water samples from twenty water sources (fifteen boreholes and five streams) in Uzuakoli, Nigeria were collected for the period of 6 months covering the dry and rainy seasons to assess the level of contamination. The Microbiological characteristics including heterotrophic counts, coliform counts and physicochemical parameters includes pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, calcium, potassium, nitrate, magnesium and phosphate were evaluated using standard methods. The total Heterotrophic counts for the borehole during the dry and rainy season were 8.3 x 103 cfu/ ml and 10.8 x 104 cfu/ ml. The Heterotrophic counts for the stream were 12.7 x 104 cfu/ ml and 17.8x 106 cfu/ ml. The frequency of occurrence of the isolates are Staphylococcus aureus 63% in borehole and 85% in streams, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 49% in boreholes and 95% in streams, Proteus sp 52% in boreholes and 97% in streams, Streptococcus sp 46% in boreholes and 53% in streams, Enterobacter aerogenes 33% in boreholes and 63% in streams, Escherichia coli 16% in boreholes and 53% in streams and Salmonella sp no percentage in boreholes and 40% in streams. The result shows a significant difference at (P≤0.05) for the bacterial isolates. The physicochemical parameters of the borehole and stream water samples during the dry and rainy seasons were determined. The temperature ranged from 25oC 32oC; pH ranged from 5.3 8.1; turbidity ranged 0.03 3.23; dissolved oxygen ranged from 3.45–7.40mg/l; biochemical oxygen demand ranged from 1.20–4.32mg/l; chemical oxygen demand ranged from 2.50–5.21mg/l; Calcium ranged from 0.81–5.64mg/l; potassium ranged from 1.01–4.22mg/l; Nitrate ranged from 1.49–4.02mg/l; magnesium ranged from 0.13–2.20mg/l; phosphate ranged from 0.51–2.01mg/l. The water samples were all within the WHO limits apart from sample from Iyi Agbozu that had temperature of 32oC.

Happiness and Mental Health in Pre-Operative and PostOperative Transsexual People

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elahe FALLAHTAFTI ◽  
Meisam NASEHI ◽  
Roya RASULI ◽  
Dariush D. FARHUD ◽  
Taghi POUREBRAHIM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Symptom Check List ◽  
Oxford Happiness Questionnaire

Abstract Background: Sex is one of the major social classes in any society. Gender identity as the most fundamental element of human life from beginning to end. While most people with behavior and attitudes appropriate to their physiological gender, but among them are also those sexual behaviors with their physical sex does not match, that say to this group transsexual people. The aim of this study was to investigate happiness and mental health in transsexual individuals before surgery and after surgery. Methods: This quasi-experimental study, consisted of 42 patients before surgery and after surgery inside Iran in 2016-2017. Snowball sampling method was selected. The instrument was Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) and Symptom Check List (SCL25). Data were analyzed using SPSS, t-test independent groups and oneway ANOVA. Results: There was significant difference between transsexual individuals before surgery and after surgery in mean score of happiness (P<0.01) (t=-4/84). Moreover, there was significant difference between the two groups in mean score of mental health (P<0.01) (f=19/13). Conclusion: Transsexual individuals after surgery experienced more happiness and mental health than those before surgery. 

scholarly journals EFFECT OF REPLACING MUSTARD OILCAKE BY LINSEED OILCAKE ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF NILE TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus, 1758)

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Suraj Babu Ghimire ◽  
Rahul Ranjan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Fish Yield ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Significant Difference

 This study was done to explore the effect of replacing mustard oilcake by linseed oilcake in feed on the growth performance of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Mustard oilcake (MOC) was replaced by linseed oil cake (LOC) at three different level 0%, 50% and 100% to prepare three different types of diets. Diets were prepared with about 18% analyzed crude protein content. Fingerlings were kept in three happa with three replications for each diet in completely randomized design (CRD). Fish of average weight 5.31 g were stocked in happa having size 1.5m×1.5m×1.2m. The experimental fish were fed 3% of their body weight per day, once in the morning for five months continuously. No significant difference (p>0.05) in final mean weight, final total weight, average daily weight gain (DWG), survival rate, extrapolated gross fish yield (GFY), extrapolated net fish yield (NFY) and apparent feed conversion ratio (AFCR) among different treatments were observed. Hence, linseed oilcake can be used as the substitute in the feed of tilapia, if it is locally available.  Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2017, 22 (1): 10-16 

AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF WITKIN'S DIMENSION IN RELATION TO SOCIAL CLASS, PERSONALITY FACTORS AND PIAGETIAN TESTS

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. S. Ghuman
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Cognitive Variables ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Independence Dimension ◽  
Better Than

The research explores the relationships between the cognitive variables, as measured by Piagetian tests and standard Raven Matrices, and Witkin's Field-dependence/independence dimension (FD-FID). The association between sex, social class, and the personality variables, as assessed by the Children's Personality Questionnaire (CPQ) devised by Porter and Cattell, with the Witkin's dimension is also investigated. The sample consisted of sixty children of 11 to 12 years of age from two primary schools in Wales. The results show that there are significant correlations between Witkin's dimension and the cognitive variables including factor B of CPQ. However, no significant correlations were found between the personality traits and Witkin's dimension. There was a significant difference (p < 0.1) between the two social classes; middle-class children performed better than working-class children; but no significant difference was found between the boys and girls.

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