Immunoxpression of MMPs -9, -13 and TIMP-3 after Using Etch-and-rinse Adhesive

The aim of the present study was to determine the expression of MMP-9, MMP-13 and TIMP-3 after using the XP Bond ™ (Dentsply) dentin-bonding agent on 21 human teeth. Class I deep cavities were prepared and restored. After 01, 07, 14, 21, 30, 90 and 120 days, the teeth were extracted and processed for an immunohistochemical assessment (n=3). Immunohistochemical staining was performed using the monoclonal antibody anti-MMP-9, and polyclonal antibodies anti-MMP-13 and anti-TIMP-3. The immunoreactivity of metalloproteinases 9 and 13 was considered intense and moderate in the first storage intervals, before decreasing over time. In contrast, the immunoreactivity of TIMP-3 was considered absent in dentin and weak in pulp in the first time intervals, and completely absent in the subsequent intervals. MMP-9 expression in dentin and in pulp was prevalent in the dentinal tubules and odontoblastic layer, respectively. MMP-13 expression in dentin and in pulp was predominant in the pre-dentine region and odontoblastic layer, respectively. TIMP-3 expression was absent in dentin and predominantly located in the odontoblastic layer for pulp. In conclusion, the expression patterns of MMP-9, MMP-13 and TIMP-3 altered in the different time intervals studied. The increased expression of TIMP-3 in the first time intervals could suggest a synchronous response to the increased expression of MMPs in the same periods. The results confirmed the low performance of TIMP-3 in the physiological processes of the pulp-dentin complex for the conditions and materials tested herein.

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Histone deacetylase (HDAC) 9: versatile biological functions and emerging roles in human cancer

Cellular Oncology ◽

10.1007/s13402-021-00626-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chun Yang ◽

Stéphane Croteau ◽

Pierre Hardy

Keyword(s):

Histone Deacetylase ◽

Posttranslational Modifications ◽

Histone Deacetylases ◽

Muscle Development ◽

Target Genes ◽

Human Cancer ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Aberrant Expression ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Cancer Pathogenesis

Abstract Background HDAC9 (histone deacetylase 9) belongs to the class IIa family of histone deacetylases. This enzyme can shuttle freely between the nucleus and cytoplasm and promotes tissue-specific transcriptional regulation by interacting with histone and non-histone substrates. HDAC9 plays an essential role in diverse physiological processes including cardiac muscle development, bone formation, adipocyte differentiation and innate immunity. HDAC9 inhibition or activation is therefore a promising avenue for therapeutic intervention in several diseases. HDAC9 overexpression is also common in cancer cells, where HDAC9 alters the expression and activity of numerous relevant proteins involved in carcinogenesis. Conclusions This review summarizes the most recent discoveries regarding HDAC9 as a crucial regulator of specific physiological systems and, more importantly, highlights the diverse spectrum of HDAC9-mediated posttranslational modifications and their contributions to cancer pathogenesis. HDAC9 is a potential novel therapeutic target, and the restoration of aberrant expression patterns observed among HDAC9 target genes and their related signaling pathways may provide opportunities to the design of novel anticancer therapeutic strategies.

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Comprehensive Analysis of the Histone Deacetylase Gene Family in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa): From Evolution and Expression Pattern to Functional Analysis of BraHDA3

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11030244 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 244

Author(s):

Seung Hee Eom ◽

Tae Kyung Hyun

Keyword(s):

Functional Analysis ◽

Brassica Rapa ◽

Chinese Cabbage ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Histone Deacetylases ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Evolutionary Relationship ◽

Gene Families ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Lysine Residues

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are known as erasers that remove acetyl groups from lysine residues in histones. Although plant HDACs play essential roles in physiological processes, including various stress responses, our knowledge concerning HDAC gene families and their evolutionary relationship remains limited. In Brassica rapa genome, we identified 20 HDAC genes, which are divided into three major groups: RPD3/HDA1, HD2, and SIR2 families. In addition, seven pairs of segmental duplicated paralogs and one pair of tandem duplicated paralogs were identified in the B. rapa HDAC (BraHDAC) family, indicating that segmental duplication is predominant for the expansion of the BraHDAC genes. The expression patterns of paralogous gene pairs suggest a divergence in the function of BraHDACs under various stress conditions. Furthermore, we suggested that BraHDA3 (homologous of Arabidopsis HDA14) encodes the functional HDAC enzyme, which can be inhibited by Class I/II HDAC inhibitor SAHA. As a first step toward understanding the epigenetic responses to environmental stresses in Chinese cabbage, our results provide a solid foundation for functional analysis of the BraHDAC family.

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Genome-wide identification of the GATA transcription factor family and their expression patterns under temperature and salt stress in Aspergillus oryzae

AMB Express ◽

10.1186/s13568-021-01212-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chunmiao Jiang ◽

Gongbo Lv ◽

Jinxin Ge ◽

Bin He ◽

Zhe Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Interaction Network ◽

Protein Protein Interaction ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Gata Transcription Factor ◽

Starting Point ◽

Evolutionary Features ◽

First Time

AbstractGATA transcription factors (TFs) are involved in the regulation of growth processes and various environmental stresses. Although GATA TFs involved in abiotic stress in plants and some fungi have been analyzed, information regarding GATA TFs in Aspergillusoryzae is extremely poor. In this study, we identified and functionally characterized seven GATA proteins from A.oryzae 3.042 genome, including a novel AoSnf5 GATA TF with 20-residue between the Cys-X2-Cys motifs which was found in Aspergillus GATA TFs for the first time. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these seven A. oryzae GATA TFs could be classified into six subgroups. Analysis of conserved motifs demonstrated that Aspergillus GATA TFs with similar motif compositions clustered in one subgroup, suggesting that they might possess similar genetic functions, further confirming the accuracy of the phylogenetic relationship. Furthermore, the expression patterns of seven A.oryzae GATA TFs under temperature and salt stresses indicated that A. oryzae GATA TFs were mainly responsive to high temperature and high salt stress. The protein–protein interaction network of A.oryzae GATA TFs revealed certain potentially interacting proteins. The comprehensive analysis of A. oryzae GATA TFs will be beneficial for understanding their biological function and evolutionary features and provide an important starting point to further understand the role of GATA TFs in the regulation of distinct environmental conditions in A.oryzae.

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Genome-wide identification and analysis of class III peroxidases in Betula pendula

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12864-021-07622-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kewei Cai ◽

Huixin Liu ◽

Song Chen ◽

Yi Liu ◽

Xiyang Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stress Responses ◽

Betula Pendula ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Class Iii ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Plant Life ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Plant Life Cycle ◽

Class Iii Peroxidases ◽

And Function

Abstract Background Class III peroxidases (POD) proteins are widely present in the plant kingdom that are involved in a broad range of physiological processes including stress responses and lignin polymerization throughout the plant life cycle. At present, POD genes have been studied in Arabidopsis, rice, poplar, maize and Chinese pear, but there are no reports on the identification and function of POD gene family in Betula pendula. Results We identified 90 nonredundant POD genes in Betula pendula. (designated BpPODs). According to phylogenetic relationships, these POD genes were classified into 12 groups. The BpPODs are distributed in different numbers on the 14 chromosomes, and some BpPODs were located sequentially in tandem on chromosomes. In addition, we analyzed the conserved domains of BpPOD proteins and found that they contain highly conserved motifs. We also investigated their expression patterns in different tissues, the results showed that some BpPODs might play an important role in xylem, leaf, root and flower. Furthermore, under low temperature conditions, some BpPODs showed different expression patterns at different times. Conclusions The research on the structure and function of the POD genes in Betula pendula plays a very important role in understanding the growth and development process and the molecular mechanism of stress resistance. These results lay the theoretical foundation for the genetic improvement of Betula pendula.

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An Overview on the Role of miR-451 in Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis

MicroRNA ◽

10.2174/2211536610666210910130828 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Saiedeh Razi Soofiyani ◽

Kamram Hosseini ◽

Alireza Soleimanian ◽

Liela Abkhooei ◽

Akbar Mohammad Hoseini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Lung Tumor ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Lung Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Cell Proliferation Inhibition ◽

Diagnosis Therapy ◽

Potential Use

: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved non-coding RNAs involved in many physiological processes such as cell proliferation, inhibition, development of apoptosis, differentiation, suppresses tumorigenicity, and regulating cell growth. The description of the alterations of miRNA expression patterns in cancers will be helpful to recognize biomarkers for early detection and possible therapeutic intervention in the treatment of cancers. Recent studies have shown that miR-451 is broadly dysregulated in lung cancer and is a crucial agent in lung tumor progression. This review summarizes recent advances of the potential role of miR-451 in lung cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment and provides an insight into the potential use of miR-451 for the development of advanced therapeutic methods in lung cancer.

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CHANGES IN THE DNA SYNTHESIS PATTERN OF PARAMECIUM WITH INCREASED CLONAL AGE AND INTERFISSION TIME

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.61.3.591 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 591-598 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Joan Smith-Sonneborn ◽

Michael Klass

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Dna Synthesis ◽

Unicellular Organism ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Synchronized Cells ◽

Different Ages ◽

Self Fertilization ◽

Autoradiographic Analysis ◽

S Period ◽

First Time

The clonal age in paramecia refers to the total number of vegetative divisions a clone has undergone since its origin at autogamy (self-fertilization). As clonal age increases, the interfission time usually increases. The DNA synthesis pattern of cells of different ages was compared by autoradiographic analysis of the DNA synthesis of synchronized cells at various time intervals during the cell cycle (from one division to the next). The study showed that the G1 period (the lag in DNA synthesis post division) was constant, irrespective of interfission time or clonal age; but the duration of the DNA synthesis period increased with increased interfission time or clonal age. Therefore, we have shown for the first time that the G1 period is fixed, and the S period is increased in a eukaryotic unicellular organism as a function of interfission time and clonal age.

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Identification of Type II Interferon Receptors in Geese: Gene Structure, Phylogenetic Analysis, and Expression Patterns

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/537637 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Hao Zhou ◽

Shun Chen ◽

Yulin Qi ◽

Qin Zhou ◽

Mingshu Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Expression Profiles ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Harderian Gland ◽

Distribution Analysis ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Age Related ◽

Cecal Tonsil ◽

Immune Tissues ◽

First Time

Interferonγreceptor 1 (IFNGR1) and IFNGR2 are two cell membrane molecules belonging to class II cytokines, which play important roles in the IFN-mediated antiviral signaling pathway. Here, goose IFNGR1 and IFNGR2 were cloned and identified for the first time. Tissue distribution analysis revealed that relatively high levels of goose IFNγmRNA transcripts were detected in immune tissues, including the harderian gland, cecal tonsil, cecum, and thymus. Relatively high expression levels of both IFNGR1 and IFNGR2 were detected in the cecal tonsil, which implicated an important role of IFNγin the secondary immune system of geese. No specific correlation between IFNγ, IFNGR1, and IFNGR2 expression levels was observed in the same tissues of healthy geese. IFNγand its cognate receptors showed different expression profiles, although they appeared to maintain a relatively balanced state. Furthermore, the agonist R848 led to the upregulation of goose IFNγbut did not affect the expression of goose IFNGR1 or IFNGR2. In summary, trends in expression of goose IFNγand its cognate receptors showed tissue specificity, as well as an age-related dependency. These findings may help us to better understand the age-related susceptibility to pathogens in birds.

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Oogenesis and lipid metabolism in the deep-sea sponge Phakellia ventilabrum: an histological, lipidomic and transcriptomic approach

10.21203/rs.3.rs-608731/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vasiliki Koutsouveli ◽

David Balgoma ◽

Antonia Checa ◽

Mikael Hedeland ◽

Ana Riesgo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Deep Sea ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Beta Oxidation ◽

Animal Reproduction ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Key Species ◽

Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation

Abstract Background Sponges contain an astounding diversity of lipids which serve in several biological functions, including yolk formation in their oocytes and the embryos. On animal reproduction, lipids constitute one of the main energy storage forms for the adult and the offspring. The study of lipid metabolism during reproduction can provide information on food-web dynamics and energetic needs of the populations in their habitats, however, there are no studies focusing on the lipid metabolism of sponges during seasonal reproduction. The deep-sea sponge Phakellia ventilabrum (Demospongiae, Bubarida) is a key species of North-Atlantic sponge grounds, but its reproductive biology is not known. In this study, we used histological sections, lipidome profiling (UHPLC-MS), and transcriptomic analysis (RNA-seq) with goal to i. assess the reproductive strategy and seasonality of this species, ii. examine the relative changes in the lipidome signal, and the gene expression patterns (RNA-seq) of enzymes participating in lipid metabolism in female specimens during gametogenesis.Results P. ventilabrum is an oviparous and most certainly gonochoristic species, reproducing in May and September in the different studied areas. Half of specimens were reproducing, generating two to five oocytes per mm2. Oocytes accumulated both protein and lipid droplets. As oogenesis progressed, the signal of most of the unsaturated and monounsaturated triacylglycerides increased, as well as of few other phospholipids. Most of the other lipids and especially those with > 3 unsaturations showed a decrease in signal during the oocyte maturation. In parallel, we detected upregulated genes in female tissues related to triacylglyceride biosynthesis and others related to fatty acid beta-oxidation.Conclusions Triacylglycerides are probably the main type of lipid forming the yolk since this lipid category has the most marked changes, while some other phospholipids may also have a role in oogenesis. In parallel, other lipid categories were oxidized, leading to fatty acid beta-oxidation to cover the energy requirements of female individuals during oogenesis. Variations in the signal of most lipids between the different locations and months suggest that sponges, apart from their own mechanisms of lipid biosynthesis, exploit the food availability in their surroundings to cover the energetic demands in their physiological processes.

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Differential Expression Patterns of Claudins, Tight Junction Membrane Proteins, in Mouse Nephron Segments

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology ◽

10.1681/asn.v134875 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 875-886 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yumiko Kiuchi-Saishin ◽

Shimpei Gotoh ◽

Mikio Furuse ◽

Akiko Takasuga ◽

Yasuo Tano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Membrane Proteins ◽

Tight Junction ◽

Polyclonal Antibodies ◽

Collecting Duct ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Distal Tubule ◽

Northern Blotting ◽

Thick Ascending Limb ◽

Specific Expression ◽

Nephron Segments

ABSTRACT. As the first step in understanding the physiologic functions of claudins (tight junction integral membrane proteins) in nephrons, the expression of claudin-1 to -16 in mouse kidneys was examined by Northern blotting. Among these claudins, only claudin-6, -9, -13, and -14 were not detectable. Claudin-5 and -15 were detected only in endothelial cells. Polyclonal antibodies specific for claudin-7 and -12 were not available. Therefore, the distributions of claudin-1, -2, -3, -4, -8, -10, -11, and -16 in nephron segments were examined with immunofluorescence microscopy. For identification of individual segments, antibodies specific for segment markers were used. Immunofluorescence microscopic analyses of serial frozen sections of mouse kidneys with polyclonal antibodies for claudins and segment markers revealed that claudins demonstrated very complicated, segment-specific, expression patterns in nephrons, i.e., claudin-1 and -2 in Bowman’s capsule, claudin-2, -10, and -11 in the proximal tubule, claudin-2 in the thin descending limb of Henle, claudin-3, -4, and -8 in the thin ascending limb of Henle, claudin-3, -10, -11, and -16 in the thick ascending limb of Henle, claudin-3 and -8 in the distal tubule, and claudin-3, -4, and -8 in the collecting duct. These segment-specific expression patterns of claudins are discussed, with special reference to the physiologic functions of tight junctions in nephrons.

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Genome-wide identification and characterization of GRAS transcription factors in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.3955 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. e3955 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Yiling Niu ◽

Tingting Zhao ◽

Xiangyang Xu ◽

Jingfu Li

Keyword(s):

Gene Family ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Gene Families ◽

Shoot Meristem ◽

Axillary Shoot ◽

Multiple Sequence ◽

Genome Wide ◽

First Time

Solanum lycopersicum, belonging to Solanaceae, is one of the commonly used model plants. The GRAS genes are transcriptional regulators, which play a significant role in plant growth and development, and the functions of several GRAS genes have been recognized, such as, axillary shoot meristem formation, radial root patterning, phytohormones (gibberellins) signal transduction, light signaling, and abiotic/biotic stress; however, only a few of these were identified and functionally characterized. In this study, a gene family was analyzed comprehensively with respect to phylogeny, gene structure, chromosomal localization, and expression pattern; the 54 GRAS members were screened from tomato by bioinformatics for the first time. The GRAS genes among tomato, Arabidopsis, rice, and grapevine were rebuilt to form a phylogenomic tree, which was divided into ten groups according to the previous classification of Arabidopsis and rice. A multiple sequence alignment exhibited the typical GRAS domain and conserved motifs similar to other gene families. Both the segmental and tandem duplications contributed significantly to the expansion and evolution of the GRAS gene family in tomato; the expression patterns across a variety of tissues and biotic conditions revealed potentially different functions of GRAS genes in tomato development and stress responses. Altogether, this study provides valuable information and robust candidate genes for future functional analysis for improving the resistance of tomato growth.

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