Hindlimb Suspension Does Not Influence Mechanical Sensitivity, Epidermal Thickness, and Peripheral Nerve Density in the Glabrous Skin of the Rat Hind Paw

Our aim was to investigate the influence of microgravity on the sensitivity of the skin to mechanical stimulation, epidermal thickness, peripheral nerve density in the upper dermis, and serum levels of a stress marker in a rat hindlimb suspension (HS) model. Thirty 8-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: HS, n=10; sham HS, n=10; control, n=10. The suspension system was attached to rat tails in both the HS and sham-HS groups, but the hindlimbs were suspended only in the HS group. The HS and sham-HS groups were treated for 4 weeks. In behavioral tests using von-Frey filaments (n=5 in each group), mechanical hypersensitivity developed in the HS and sham HS groups. Serum corticosterone levels increased significantly in the HS and sham HS groups compared to the control group, and no changes in epidermal thickness or peripheral nerve density were observed immediately after the removal of HS (n=5 in each group). These data indicated that the mechanical hypersensitivity observed in the HS group was not caused by microgravity or inactivity, but rather by restraint stress. We suggest that microgravity does not affect skin sensitivity and histology in these animals.

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Influence of prolonged flaxseed ( Linum usitatissimum ) consumption over epididymis and testicle histoarchitecture of Wistar rats

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2017000600020 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (6) ◽

pp. 650-656 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lanna B.N.S. Corrêa ◽

Ludmila F.M. de F. Cardozo ◽

Ilma C. de A. Ribeiro ◽

Gilson T. Boaventura ◽

Maurício A. Chagas

Keyword(s):

Sertoli Cell ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Seminiferous Tubules ◽

Control Group ◽

Lactation Period ◽

Luminal Diameter ◽

Flaxseed Meal ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Hormonal Evaluation

ABSTRACT: Flaxseed is considered a functional food with several health benefits. However, because of its high phytoestrogen content, flaxseed influences hormone metabolism and affects the gonadal biomorphology. In this study, computerized histomorphometry was used to evaluate seminiferous and epididymal tubules, considering the different regions of the epididymis (head, body and tail) of rats subjected to a prolonged diet of flaxseed. Young adult male Wistar rats (n=20) were divided into 2 groups during their lactation period: Control Group (CG), fed casein-based meals and Flaxseed Group (FG), fed a 25% flaxseed meal. After 250 days of continuous ingestion, the animals were euthanized and a blood sample was collected. The testicles and epididymis were removed and fixed in buffered formalin solution. The samples were subjected to routine histological paraffin techniques and stained with hematoxilin and eosin. Immunostaining was performed using an antivimentin antibody for Sertoli cell identification. For morphometry, images of the slides were scanned and analyzed using Image J to determine the epithelial height, tubular and luminal diameter and tubular and luminal area. In the hormonal evaluation, FG had a higher serum concentration of estrogen (P=0.001), but no change was observed in the concentration of testosterone. The morphometric assay of seminiferous tubules and epididymal regions revealed no significant differences between the analyzed groups. Similarly, Sertoli cell quantification showed no significant differences in the FG (P=0.98). These results revealed that the continuous and prolonged intake of 25% flaxseed meals from gestation to 250 days of age, even with a significant increase in serum levels of estradiol, does not exert adverse effects on the testicular and epididymal structure or on the cells participating in the spermatogenesis of rats.

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Safety Evaluation of Crude Ethanol Extract of Waltheria Indica Linn. Root In Male Wistar Rats

Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences ◽

10.36108/jvbs/1202.30.0131 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 112-125

Author(s):

A. Basiru

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Safety Evaluation ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Hepatic Necrosis ◽

Control Group ◽

Percentage Increase ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Group A ◽

Renal Tubular

Safety evaluation of Waltheria indica Linn. root was carried out in Wistar rats. Twenty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=5); A–D. Group A served as control group while groups B, C and D were administered with 200, 400 and 800 mg/Kg of crude ethanol extract of Waltheria indica Linn. root. After 28 days of administration, the rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected and serum prepared. Haematological and biochemical parameters, as well as serum electrolyte were determined according to standard procedures. The 200 mg/Kg of Waltheria indica Linn. root caused the highest percentage increase in body weight. The kidney was also significantly increased at 400 mg/kg. The total WBC and lymphocytes counts were significantly increased at 400 mg/kg. The serum levels of ALT and chloride were significantly increased at 800 mg/kg. Waltheria indica Linn. root also caused hepatic necrosis and renal tubular degeneration in Wistar rats. Therefore, Waltheria indica Linn. root should be used with caution especially at higher dose despite its therapeutic potentials.

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ASTAXANTHIN MENGHAMBAT PERLEMAKAN HATI DAN PENINGKATAN KADAR SERUM GAMMA-GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE PADA TIKUS WISTAR JANTAN YANG DIBERI MINYAK JELANTAH

IJCNP (INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION PHYSICIAN) ◽

10.54773/ijcnp.v3i1.40 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 46-55

Author(s):

Astrid Amanda Pangalela ◽

I Wayan Weta ◽

Iin Indrayani Maker

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Liver Steatosis ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Control Group ◽

Gamma Glutamyltransferase ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Used Cooking Oil ◽

Male Wistar Rats

ABSTRACT Non-alcoholic fatty liver can be triggered by used cooking oil consumption due to the formation of free radicals and the accumulation of fatty acids in the body. Astaxanthin is a powerful antioxidant that may be able to inhibit the pathogenesis of fatty liver. This study aims to determine the effect of astaxanthin in inhibiting fatty liver (steatosis) and levels of Gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) in male Wistar rats given used cooking oil. An experimental study with Post-test Only Control Group Design was conducted on 36 male Wistar rats aged 3.5-4 months with an approximate bodyweight of 200-210 grams divided randomly into 2 groups. The control group was given 0.42 ml of used cooking oil + 0.5 ml of distilled water, and the treatment group was given 0.42 ml of used cooking oil + 0.2 mg of astaxanthin each day for 14 days. On day 15, blood tests and hepatic histopathology were performed to check GGT serum levels and steatosis. The comparative test was conducted to compare the results of the control and treatment groups. The results showed that the mean steatosis and GGT levels in the treatment group were significantly lower than the control group. It can be concluded that giving astaxanthin can inhibit fatty liver (steatosis) and increase GGT serum levels in male Wistar rats given used cooking oil. Keywords: Astaxanthin, Fatty liver, Gamma-glutamyltransferase, Used cooking oil

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Effects of ginger along with exercise training on serum levels of ALT and AST liver enzymes and malondialdehyde and the activity of liver tissue superoxide dismutase in male Wistar rats

Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences ◽

10.34172/jsums.2020.11 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 67-73

Author(s):

Aghaali Ghasemnian ◽

Zeinab Iddehloei ◽

Ahmad Rahmani ◽

Mozhgan Usefpour

Keyword(s):

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Enzymatic Activity ◽

Liver Tissue ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Liver Enzymes ◽

Training Session ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Control Group ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Male Wistar Rats

Background and aims: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 2 months of endurance training (ET) along with ginger consumption on the serum levels of liver enzymes (ALT and AST), enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissue in male Wistar rats. Material and Methods: 40 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups according to the weight as follows: control (n=8), sham (n=8), ET (n=8), ginger (n=8), and ET + ginger (n=8). The training protocol was an ET program on a treadmill for two months (5 days a week). Besides standard water and food, in groups using the supplement, 100 mg of ginger solution per kg body weight of the rats was injected three days a week. Then, 48 hours after the last training session and after 8 hours of fasting, blood and tissue samples were collected over night and the serum levels of liver enzymes (ALT and AST), MDA level of the liver tissue, and activity of the liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test were used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that after 8 weeks, the activity of liver SOD in ET group (131.7±18.6, P=0.001) and ET + Ginger group (130.2±31.3, P=0.001) significantly increased in comparison with the control group (83.8±14.9). Moreover, liver MDA levels in the ET group (0.38±0.08, P=0.008) and ET + Ginger group (0.37±0.09, P=0.013) significantly increased in comparison with the control group (0.25.0±03). However, 8 weeks of ET coupled with ginger consumption had no effects on the serum levels of AST and ALT (P>0.05). Furthermore, ginger had no effect on MDA level and enzymatic activity of SOD (P>0.05). Conclusion: This study does not support the protective effects of ginger on the reduction of liver enzymes levels and improvement of the antioxidant status

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Changes in Hind Paw Epidermal Thickness, Peripheral Nerve Distribution and Mechanical Sensitivity After Immobilization in Rats

Physiological Research ◽

10.33549/physiolres.932362 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 643-647 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

J. NAKANO ◽

Y. SEKINO ◽

Y. HAMAUE ◽

J. SAKAMOTO ◽

T. YOSHIMURA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Peripheral Nerve ◽

Ankle Joint ◽

Time Course ◽

Glabrous Skin ◽

Epidermal Thickness ◽

Mechanical Sensitivity ◽

Histological Changes ◽

Mechanical Hypersensitivity ◽

And Control ◽

Plaster Casts

This study was designed to investigate histological changes in skin tissue accompanying immobilization-induced hypersensitivity. Changes in mechanical sensitivity, epidermal thickness, and peripheral nerve profiles in the upper dermis were examined in glabrous skin of rat hind paw after 1, 2, and 4 weeks of ankle joint immobilization by plaster casts. Induction of mechanical hypersensitivity was confirmed after 2 and 4 weeks of joint immobilization. Epidermal thinning and increase in peripheral nerve profiles were observed in skin tissues in immobilized rats. The time course of epidermal thinning and increase in peripheral nerve profiles were similar closely to that of hypersensitivity, with significant differences between the immobilized and control rats after 2 weeks of immobilization, which became even more remarkable at 4 weeks of immobilization. These findings suggest that joint immobilization by cast induces epidermal thinning and increases peripheral nerve profiles in the upper dermis and that these changes might be partly responsible for immobilization-induced hypersensitivity.

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Evaluating the Effects of Noise Pollution on the Levels of Blood Cortisol, Testosterone, and Thyroid in Male Wistar Rats

Health Scope ◽

10.5812/jhealthscope.94704 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Seyed-Hosein Abtahi-Eivary ◽

Ali Tajpoor ◽

Ali Firoozi ◽

Shahrzad Mehrzad ◽

Mohammad Hosein Beheshti

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Noise Pollution ◽

Well Being ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Sound Level ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Commercial Kits

Background: Noise pollution is a global problem causing changes in the secretion of various hormones and consequently affecting social well-being and quality of life in cities. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of noise pollution on the levels of testosterone, thyroid, and cortisol hormones in male rats. Methods: In this experimental study, a total of 70 male Wistar rats (200 - 250 g) were randomly assigned into one control and six experimental groups, with 10 rats in each group. Experimental groups were exposed to noise with different intensity (dB) and time (min) as follows: (I) 60 dB, 30 min; (II) 60 dB, 60 min; (III) 85 dB, 30 min; (IV) 85 dB, 60 min; (V) 110 dB, 30 min; (VI) 110 dB, 60 min; (VII) controls. Animals in the experimental groups were exposed to noise in an acoustic chamber designed for this purpose for 50 days. The Noise.exe software was used to generate noise, and the sound level meter (model TES 1358) was used to determine the accuracy of the intensity and frequency of sound. To determine plasma levels of the hormones, appropriate research and commercial kits were used, which were based on the ELISA method. To determine the concentration of hormones other than TSH, human assay kits were used. All statistical tests were performed in SPSS software version 21. Results: Serum levels of cortisol in the 110-dB (30 and 60 min), 65-dB (60 min), and 85-dB (60 min) groups were significantly higher than the control group (P ≤ 0.05). Also, cortisol levels in the 65-dB and 85-dB (30 minutes) groups were higher than the control group; however, the increase was not significant (P > 0.05). The levels of T4, T3, and TSH in the 60-dB and 85-dB groups were significantly lower than in the control group (P ≤ 0.05). The serum levels of T4, T3, and TSH hormones in the 110-dB group were insignificantly lower than the control group (P > 0.05). The serum level of testosterone in the 110-dB group was significantly lower than the control group (P ≤ 0.05). The mean serum levels of testosterone in the 65-dB and 85-dB groups were insignificantly lower than the control group (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Based on this study, exposure to noise pollution increased cortisol secretion and decreased T4, T3, TSH, and testosterone levels in rats. As this hormonal imbalance may create direct and indirect effects, studies and strategies are recommended to control the imbalance of hormones in the polluted environments.

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Bitter Leaves Ethanol Extract (Vernonia amygdalina) Decreases Total Cholesterol Serum Level of Hypercholesterolemic Male Wistar Rats

Journal Of Medicine & Health ◽

10.28932/jmh.v2i2.1017 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ivana C Hasan ◽

Hendra Subroto ◽

Grace Puspasari

Keyword(s):

Total Cholesterol ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Plasma Lipid ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Control Group ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Group Vi ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Male Wistar Rats

Hypercholesterolemia is an important risk factors of atherosclerosis. Bitter leaf is believed to have potency in decreasing plasma lipid. The aim of this study is to study the effect of bitter leaf ethanol extract in decreasing total cholesterol serum levels on hypercholesterolemic male Wistar rats. This is a true experimental laboratory study with complete randomized design. Antidyslipidemia effect was tested with HFF induction and Propiltiourasil 0,01% towards 30 rats which were divided into 6 groups: groups I as normal control (standard diet), groups II, III, and IV were given bitter leaf ethanol extract of 100 mg/kgBW, 200 mg/kgBW, and 400 mg/kgBW dose, group V as positive control group with Simvastatin, and group VI as negative with aquades. HFF were given for 14 days then the study was continued for 14 days. The percentage data of the declining total cholesterol levels before and after treatments is analyzed with ANAVA, continued with LSD test. The result between group II, III, and IV with group VI shows a significant difference p<0,01. We concluded bitter leaf ethanol extract can decrease the level of total cholesterol serum of hypercholesterolmic Wistar rats.

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Synthesis of Silver Nano-particles by Electrochemical Method and the Effects on the Serum Levels of Thyroid Hormones (T3, T4) in Adult Male Rats

Iranian Jornal of Toxicology ◽

10.32598/ijt.13.4.575.4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 21-25

Author(s):

Zohreh Parang ◽

◽

Davood Moghadamnia ◽

Keyword(s):

Adult Male ◽

Electrochemical Method ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Nano Particles ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

The Mean

Background: Silver nano-particles have anti-fungal properties. In the present study, silver nano-particles were synthesized by electrochemical method and its effects on the serum levels ofT3 and T4 hormones were investigated in adult male rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 28 adult male Wistar rats weighing approximately 180-220g were divided into 4 groups of 7 rats. The control group (no treatment). The experimental groups 1and 2 received silver intraperitoneal nano-particle doses of 25 and 100 mg/kg, respectively, for 14 days. The nano-aprticles had been synthesized at 75 seconds interval. The experimental group 3 received silver nano-particles that were synthesized at 300 seconds interval with an intraperitoneal dose of 25 mg/kg for 14 days. At the end of this period, blood samples were obtained from the rats’ hearts, and the serum levels of T3 and T4 hormones were measured. The results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan tests. Results: At the completion of the study, there was no significant difference in the mean body weights in all experimental groups compared to control group. The results showed that the mean serum levels of T3 hormone in the experimental group1 increased significantly relative to the control group. However, there was no significant difference in the mean serum levels of T4 hormone in all experimental groups compared to that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Silver nano-particles increased the serum T3 hormone level in male Wistar rats.

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Pengaruh Profilaksis Ekstrak Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomoea batatas L.) terhadap Kadar Malondialdehida Hepar Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan Galur Wistar yang Diinduksi Karagenan

Hang Tuah Medical journal ◽

10.30649/htmj.v15i2.66 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 146

Author(s):

BRILIAN DINANTI ◽

FITRI HANDAJANI

Keyword(s):

Sweet Potato ◽

Ipomoea Batatas ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Group Method ◽

Control Group ◽

Intraplantar Injection ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Potato Extract ◽

Purple Sweet Potato

Liver is an organ with complex metabolism. When the liver is inflamed, cellular immunity will defend against inflammatory agents by stimulating immune cells to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excessive ROS accumulation cause oxydative stress with increased liver malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Some researches showed that purple sweet potato contain flavonoids (anthocyanins) that functioned as antioxydants. This study aimed to show the prophylactic effect of purple sweet potato extract to the liver MDA level of male Wistar rats induced by carrageenan.This study used post-only control group method using 18 male Wistar rats divided into 3 groups: group of rats without treatment, group of rats induced by 0,1 ml of 1% carrageenan by intraplantar injection on day-8, and group of rats given with 872 mg/kgBW of purple sweet potato extract for 7 days and induced by 0,1 ml of 1% carrageenan. In the end of the study, the liver MDA levels were measured by Thio-Barbituric Acid method on each groups.The results of One-Way ANOVA test showed there was no significant difference (p = 0,290) between group of rats without treatment (x̅= 207,50) and group of rats induced by carrageenan (x̅=233,17). Then, there is no significant difference (p = 0.978) between group of rats induced by carrageenan and group of rats given with prophylactic purple sweet potato extract and induced by carrageenan (x̅= 232,50).The conclusion of this study is giving intraplantar injection of carrageenan can increase liver MDA level insignificantly and giving prophylactic purple sweet potato extract has an effect to decrease the liver MDA level of rats induced by carragenan insignificantly because it contains anthocyanins as antioxidants. Keywords: Liver, Ipomoea batatas L., Malondialdehyde, Anthocyanins

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Impact of Vanadium Complexes Treatment on the Oxidative Stress Factors in Wistar Rats Plasma

Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications ◽

10.1155/2011/206316 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

R. Francik ◽

M. Krośniak ◽

M. Barlik ◽

A. Kudła ◽

R. Gryboś ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Reduced Glutathione ◽

The Body ◽

Stress Factors ◽

Control Group ◽

Vanadium Complexes ◽

Healthy Male ◽

Reducing Ability ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Antioxidant Parameters

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of vanadium complexes on triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (Chol), uric acid (UA), urea (U), and antioxidant parameters: nonenzymatic (FRAP—ferric reducing ability of plasma, and reduced glutathione—GSH) and enzymatic (glutathione peroxidase—GPx, catalase—CAT, and GPx/CAT ratio) activity in the plasma of healthy male Wistar rats. Three vanadium complexes: [VO(bpy)2]SO4⋅2H2O, [VO(4,4′Me2bpy)2]SO4⋅2H2O, and Na[VO(O2)2(bpy)]⋅8H2O are administered by gavage during 5 weeks in two different diets such as control (C) and high fatty (F) diets. Changes of biochemical and antioxidants parameters are measured in plasma. All three vanadium complexes statistically decrease the body mass growth in comparison to the control and fatty diet. In plasma GSH was statistically increased in all vanadium complexes-treated rats from control and fatty group in comparison to only control group. Calculated GPX/CAT ratio was the highest in the control group in comparison to others.

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