Safety Evaluation of Crude Ethanol Extract of Waltheria Indica Linn. Root In Male Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-125
Author(s):  
A. Basiru
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Renal Tubular

Safety evaluation of Waltheria indica Linn. root was carried out in Wistar rats. Twenty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=5); A–D. Group A served as control group while groups B, C and D were administered with 200, 400 and 800 mg/Kg of crude ethanol extract of Waltheria indica Linn. root. After 28 days of administration, the rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected and serum prepared. Haematological and biochemical parameters, as well as serum electrolyte were determined according to standard procedures. The 200 mg/Kg of Waltheria indica Linn. root caused the highest percentage increase in body weight. The kidney was also significantly increased at 400 mg/kg. The total WBC and lymphocytes counts were significantly increased at 400 mg/kg. The serum levels of ALT and chloride were significantly increased at 800 mg/kg. Waltheria indica Linn. root also caused hepatic necrosis and renal tubular degeneration in Wistar rats. Therefore, Waltheria indica Linn. root should be used with caution especially at higher dose despite its therapeutic potentials.

scholarly journals Bitter Leaves Ethanol Extract (Vernonia amygdalina) Decreases Total Cholesterol Serum Level of Hypercholesterolemic Male Wistar Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana C Hasan ◽  
Hendra Subroto ◽  
Grace Puspasari
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Hypercholesterolemia is an important risk factors of atherosclerosis. Bitter leaf is believed to have potency in decreasing plasma lipid. The aim of this study is to study the effect of bitter leaf ethanol extract in decreasing total cholesterol serum levels on hypercholesterolemic male Wistar rats. This is a true experimental laboratory study with complete randomized design. Antidyslipidemia effect was tested with HFF induction and Propiltiourasil 0,01% towards 30 rats which were divided into 6 groups: groups I as normal control (standard diet), groups II, III, and IV were given bitter leaf ethanol extract of 100 mg/kgBW, 200 mg/kgBW, and 400 mg/kgBW dose, group V as positive control group with Simvastatin, and group VI as negative with aquades. HFF  were given for 14 days then the study was continued for 14 days. The percentage data of the declining total cholesterol levels before and after treatments is analyzed with ANAVA, continued with LSD test. The result between group II, III, and IV with group VI shows a significant difference p<0,01. We concluded bitter leaf ethanol extract can decrease the level of total cholesterol serum of hypercholesterolmic Wistar rats.

scholarly journals The Hepatoprotective Effect of Ethanol Extract of Syzygium campanulatum (Korth) and Syzygium aromaticum (L) Leaf on Male Wistar Rat (Rattus Norvegicus) was Induced by Paracetamol

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Much Ilham Novalisa Aji Wibowo ◽  
Nur Aeni ◽  
Zidna Mazayatul Huda ◽  
Nunuk Aries Nurulita
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Hepatoprotective Agent ◽  
Better Than

Syzygium campanulatum and Syzygium aromaticum contains antioxidant components suchas flavonoids, phenolic, and terpenoids. May have hepatoprotective properties in reducing SGPT and SGOT activity. This research wants to determine the potency of hepatoprotective of ethanolic extract of Syzygium campanulatum (Korth) and Syzygium aromaticum leaf compared with curcuma tablets. This research uses 24 male Wistar rats divided into 6 groups: I, II, III (as a normal, induction, and compared control), group IV, V, VI were treated 105, 210, and 420 mg/kg BW respectively. The study was conducted for 9 days. After 7 days of treatment, treated groups were exposed by hepatotoxic dose of paracetamol (2000 mg/kg BW). The SGPT and SGOT activity of all groups was measured by enzimatic assay. The result can be concluded that Syzygium campanulatum extract was found to be active as hepatoprotective agent with 210 mg/kg BW dosage (SGPT 21.76 ± 3.98 U/L and SGOT 7.32±6.74U/L) as eff ective as with the curcuma tablets (SGPT 23.91 ± 4.41 U/L and SGOT 14.12±5.37 U/L) and the hepatoprotective activity of Syzygium campanulatum extract at a dosage 420 mg/kg BW better than curcuma tablets (SGPT 12.43 ± 6.51 U/L and SGOT 6.64 ± 5.88 U/L). While the hepatoprotec Syzygium campanulatum and Syzygium aromaticum contains antioxidant components such as flavonoids, phenolic, and terpenoids.May have hepatoprotective properties in reducing SGPT and SGOT activity. This research wants to determine the potency of hepatoprotective of ethanolic extract of Syzygium campanulatum (Korth) and Syzygium aromaticum leaf compared with curcuma tablets. This research uses 24 male Wistar rats divided into 6 groups: I, II, III (as a normal, induction, and compared control), group IV, V, VI were treated 105, 210, and 420 mg/kg BW respectively. The study was conducted for 9 days. After 7 days of treatment, treated groups were exposed by hepatotoxic dose of paracetamol (2000 mg/kg BW). The SGPT and SGOT activity of all groups was measured by enzimatic assay. The result can be concluded that Syzygium campanulatum extract was found to be active as hepatoprotective agent with 210 mg/kg BW dosage (SGPT 21.76 ± 3.98 U/L and SGOT 7.32±6.74U/L) as eff ective as with the curcuma tablets (SGPT 23.91 ± 4.41 U/L and SGOT 14.12±5.37 U/L) and the hepatoprotective activity of Syzygium campanulatum extract at a dosage 420 mg/kg BW better than curcuma tablets (SGPT 12.43 ± 6.51 U/L and SGOT 6.64 ± 5.88 U/L). While the hepatoprotective activity of Syzygium aromaticum extracts eff ective as with curcuma tablets at all dosage variation.

scholarly journals Influence of prolonged flaxseed ( Linum usitatissimum ) consumption over epididymis and testicle histoarchitecture of Wistar rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 650-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanna B.N.S. Corrêa ◽  
Ludmila F.M. de F. Cardozo ◽  
Ilma C. de A. Ribeiro ◽  
Gilson T. Boaventura ◽  
Maurício A. Chagas
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cell ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Luminal Diameter ◽  
Flaxseed Meal ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Hormonal Evaluation

ABSTRACT: Flaxseed is considered a functional food with several health benefits. However, because of its high phytoestrogen content, flaxseed influences hormone metabolism and affects the gonadal biomorphology. In this study, computerized histomorphometry was used to evaluate seminiferous and epididymal tubules, considering the different regions of the epididymis (head, body and tail) of rats subjected to a prolonged diet of flaxseed. Young adult male Wistar rats (n=20) were divided into 2 groups during their lactation period: Control Group (CG), fed casein-based meals and Flaxseed Group (FG), fed a 25% flaxseed meal. After 250 days of continuous ingestion, the animals were euthanized and a blood sample was collected. The testicles and epididymis were removed and fixed in buffered formalin solution. The samples were subjected to routine histological paraffin techniques and stained with hematoxilin and eosin. Immunostaining was performed using an antivimentin antibody for Sertoli cell identification. For morphometry, images of the slides were scanned and analyzed using Image J to determine the epithelial height, tubular and luminal diameter and tubular and luminal area. In the hormonal evaluation, FG had a higher serum concentration of estrogen (P=0.001), but no change was observed in the concentration of testosterone. The morphometric assay of seminiferous tubules and epididymal regions revealed no significant differences between the analyzed groups. Similarly, Sertoli cell quantification showed no significant differences in the FG (P=0.98). These results revealed that the continuous and prolonged intake of 25% flaxseed meals from gestation to 250 days of age, even with a significant increase in serum levels of estradiol, does not exert adverse effects on the testicular and epididymal structure or on the cells participating in the spermatogenesis of rats.

ASTAXANTHIN MENGHAMBAT PERLEMAKAN HATI DAN PENINGKATAN KADAR SERUM GAMMA-GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE PADA TIKUS WISTAR JANTAN YANG DIBERI MINYAK JELANTAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
Astrid Amanda Pangalela ◽  
I Wayan Weta ◽  
Iin Indrayani Maker
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gamma Glutamyltransferase ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

ABSTRACT Non-alcoholic fatty liver can be triggered by used cooking oil consumption due to the formation of free radicals and the accumulation of fatty acids in the body. Astaxanthin is a powerful antioxidant that may be able to inhibit the pathogenesis of fatty liver. This study aims to determine the effect of astaxanthin in inhibiting fatty liver (steatosis) and levels of Gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) in male Wistar rats given used cooking oil. An experimental study with Post-test Only Control Group Design was conducted on 36 male Wistar rats aged 3.5-4 months with an approximate bodyweight of 200-210 grams divided randomly into 2 groups. The control group was given 0.42 ml of used cooking oil + 0.5 ml of distilled water, and the treatment group was given 0.42 ml of used cooking oil + 0.2 mg of astaxanthin each day for 14 days. On day 15, blood tests and hepatic histopathology were performed to check  GGT serum levels and steatosis. The comparative test was conducted to compare the results of the control and treatment groups. The results showed that the mean steatosis and GGT levels in the treatment group were significantly lower than the control group. It can be concluded that giving astaxanthin can inhibit fatty liver (steatosis) and increase GGT serum levels in male Wistar rats given used cooking oil.   Keywords: Astaxanthin, Fatty liver, Gamma-glutamyltransferase, Used cooking oil

scholarly journals Hindlimb Suspension Does Not Influence Mechanical Sensitivity, Epidermal Thickness, and Peripheral Nerve Density in the Glabrous Skin of the Rat Hind Paw

2013 ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. TANAKA ◽  
J. NAKANO ◽  
Y. HAMAUE ◽  
Y. SEKINO ◽  
J. SAKAMOTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Hindlimb Suspension ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Epidermal Thickness ◽  
Mechanical Sensitivity ◽  
Mechanical Hypersensitivity ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Von Frey Filaments

Our aim was to investigate the influence of microgravity on the sensitivity of the skin to mechanical stimulation, epidermal thickness, peripheral nerve density in the upper dermis, and serum levels of a stress marker in a rat hindlimb suspension (HS) model. Thirty 8-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: HS, n=10; sham HS, n=10; control, n=10. The suspension system was attached to rat tails in both the HS and sham-HS groups, but the hindlimbs were suspended only in the HS group. The HS and sham-HS groups were treated for 4 weeks. In behavioral tests using von-Frey filaments (n=5 in each group), mechanical hypersensitivity developed in the HS and sham HS groups. Serum corticosterone levels increased significantly in the HS and sham HS groups compared to the control group, and no changes in epidermal thickness or peripheral nerve density were observed immediately after the removal of HS (n=5 in each group). These data indicated that the mechanical hypersensitivity observed in the HS group was not caused by microgravity or inactivity, but rather by restraint stress. We suggest that microgravity does not affect skin sensitivity and histology in these animals.

scholarly journals Effect of Artesunate Treatment on Some Brain Biomolecules and its Behavioral Implication

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
MB Ekong ◽  
AO Igri ◽  
TB Ekanem
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Dose ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Brain

Background: Artesunate (AS) is an artemisinin antimalarial drug used as a single drug or in combination with other antimalarials. Objective: This study was to find its effect on some brain biomolecules and behavioural activities in Wistar rats. Methods: Forty adult male Wistar rats weighing between 150- 180g were divided into four groups of A, B, C and D with 10 animals each. Group A served as the control that received tap water, while groups B, C and D served as the experimental groups that received 2.85mg/kg (therapeutic dose-TD) and 5.71mg/kg (high pharmacologic dose-HPD) of AS per day for 3 days, and 2.85mg/kg (long duration therapeutic dose -LDTD) of AS per day for six days respectively. Half of the dose was administered twelve hourly (twice a day), and twelve hours after the last treatments, behaviour test using the ‘open field maze' was carried out. Immediately after, the animals were sacrificed with chloroform anaesthesia and the whole brain removed and weighed. Whole brain homogenates were used to determine brain total protein (TP), triacylglycerol (TAG) and cholesterol (CH).Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer Multiple Comparative Test as applicable. Results: There were no difference (p<0.05) between the experimental groups and the control group in the anthropometric parameters and behavioural activities. In the brain biomolecules concentration, TP was lower in concentration in the HPD group, TAG was lower in concentration in the LDTD group, while the HPD and LDTD groups had lower CH concentration compared to the control. In all the parameters studied no difference was found between the TD group and the control. Conclusion: AS at recommended dose may not affect some behaviour and brain biomolecule concentration, unlike when taken in excess of dose and or time. Even at these doses/time there may have been no behavioural manifestation. Key words: Artesunate, Brain, Anthropometry, Behavior, Biomolecules, Rats DOI: 10.3329/jbsp.v4i2.4171 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2009 Dec;4(2): 44-50  

scholarly journals Prolonged use of the food dye tartrazine (FD&C yellow n° 5) and its effects on the gastric mucosa of Wistar rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
ILD. Moutinho ◽  
LC. Bertges ◽  
RVC. Assis
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Sulfanilic Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Food Dye ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Different Doses

Tartrazine is one of the most widely used artificial foods, drugs and cosmetic dyes. It is a nitrous derivative and is known to cause allergic reactions such as asthma and urticaria, as well as having been the focus of studies on mutagenesis and carcinogenesis due to its transformation into aromatic amine sulfanilic acid after being metabolized by the gastrointestinal microflora. 45 male Wistar rats were assigned to a control group (A) or a treatment one (B). The treatment group received 7.5 mg.kg-1.day-1 of tartrazine daily in drinking water offered ad libitum for ten months from weaning to the age of twelve months. There was a significant increase in the number of lymphocytes and eosinophils of the gastric antrum mucosa. No carcinogenetic changes in any gastric area were observed during the study. As tartrazine belongs to the azo class, it is still a possible food carcinogen. Other studies with different doses and schedules, observing their effects associated to other carcinogens should be carried out if their safe use is to be recommended.

scholarly journals Effects of ginger along with exercise training on serum levels of ALT and AST liver enzymes and malondialdehyde and the activity of liver tissue superoxide dismutase in male Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Aghaali Ghasemnian ◽  
Zeinab Iddehloei ◽  
Ahmad Rahmani ◽  
Mozhgan Usefpour
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background and aims: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 2 months of endurance training (ET) along with ginger consumption on the serum levels of liver enzymes (ALT and AST), enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissue in male Wistar rats. Material and Methods: 40 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups according to the weight as follows: control (n=8), sham (n=8), ET (n=8), ginger (n=8), and ET + ginger (n=8). The training protocol was an ET program on a treadmill for two months (5 days a week). Besides standard water and food, in groups using the supplement, 100 mg of ginger solution per kg body weight of the rats was injected three days a week. Then, 48 hours after the last training session and after 8 hours of fasting, blood and tissue samples were collected over night and the serum levels of liver enzymes (ALT and AST), MDA level of the liver tissue, and activity of the liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test were used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that after 8 weeks, the activity of liver SOD in ET group (131.7±18.6, P=0.001) and ET + Ginger group (130.2±31.3, P=0.001) significantly increased in comparison with the control group (83.8±14.9). Moreover, liver MDA levels in the ET group (0.38±0.08, P=0.008) and ET + Ginger group (0.37±0.09, P=0.013) significantly increased in comparison with the control group (0.25.0±03). However, 8 weeks of ET coupled with ginger consumption had no effects on the serum levels of AST and ALT (P>0.05). Furthermore, ginger had no effect on MDA level and enzymatic activity of SOD (P>0.05). Conclusion: This study does not support the protective effects of ginger on the reduction of liver enzymes levels and improvement of the antioxidant status

scholarly journals Cardioprotective effects of Citrullus lanatus rinds in male wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
O. G. Akintunde ◽  
E. S. Ajibola ◽  
S. A. V. Abakpa ◽  
B. O. Oluwo ◽  
J. O. Olukunle
Keyword(s):  
Risk Ratio ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Cardiac Risk ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Dose Dependent

Water melon, citrullus lanatus is a common edible fruit belongs to the family of cucumber (Cucurbitacea). The outer part of citrullus lanatus known as the rind is always discarded. This study investigated the effects of ethanol extract of citrullus lanatus rinds orally administered on some liver function enzymes, kidney function markers, cardiac risk ratio, and the atherogenic coefficient indices in male wistar rats. Twenty-five male Wistar albino rats were randomly distributed into five groups (I, II, III, IV and V) of five rats each received 0mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 800mg/kg of ethanol extract of Citrullus lanatus rinds respectively for 35days. The result showed that the effects of ethanol extract of citrullus lanatus rinds was not significant difference (p > 0.05) in serum liver enzymes (Aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase, Alkaline phosphatase) in increasing dose dependent manner when compared with control group. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in serum levels of urea and creatinine with increasing dose of ethanol extract of Citrullus lanatus rinds in rats when compared with control group. The extract showed significantly higher (p< 0.05) values in the serum HDL, cholesterol but there were significant reduction (p< 0.05) in the serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL and non-HDL values in rats at higher doses of the extract when compared with control group. While it was observed that the cardiac risk ratio, the atherogenic coefficient and indices decreased significantly (p< 0.05) in rats at increasing doses of ethanol extract of Citrullus lanatus rinds when compared with control group. This may suggest a likely cardio-protective effects of ethanol extract of Citrullus lanatus rinds in increasing dose dependent manner in rats when compared with control group. In conclusion, it can be inferred that Citrullus lanatus rinds can be consumed by animals without detrimental effect.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effects of Noise Pollution on the Levels of Blood Cortisol, Testosterone, and Thyroid in Male Wistar Rats

Health Scope ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed-Hosein Abtahi-Eivary ◽  
Ali Tajpoor ◽  
Ali Firoozi ◽  
Shahrzad Mehrzad ◽  
Mohammad Hosein Beheshti
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Commercial Kits

Background: Noise pollution is a global problem causing changes in the secretion of various hormones and consequently affecting social well-being and quality of life in cities. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of noise pollution on the levels of testosterone, thyroid, and cortisol hormones in male rats. Methods: In this experimental study, a total of 70 male Wistar rats (200 - 250 g) were randomly assigned into one control and six experimental groups, with 10 rats in each group. Experimental groups were exposed to noise with different intensity (dB) and time (min) as follows: (I) 60 dB, 30 min; (II) 60 dB, 60 min; (III) 85 dB, 30 min; (IV) 85 dB, 60 min; (V) 110 dB, 30 min; (VI) 110 dB, 60 min; (VII) controls. Animals in the experimental groups were exposed to noise in an acoustic chamber designed for this purpose for 50 days. The Noise.exe software was used to generate noise, and the sound level meter (model TES 1358) was used to determine the accuracy of the intensity and frequency of sound. To determine plasma levels of the hormones, appropriate research and commercial kits were used, which were based on the ELISA method. To determine the concentration of hormones other than TSH, human assay kits were used. All statistical tests were performed in SPSS software version 21. Results: Serum levels of cortisol in the 110-dB (30 and 60 min), 65-dB (60 min), and 85-dB (60 min) groups were significantly higher than the control group (P ≤ 0.05). Also, cortisol levels in the 65-dB and 85-dB (30 minutes) groups were higher than the control group; however, the increase was not significant (P > 0.05). The levels of T4, T3, and TSH in the 60-dB and 85-dB groups were significantly lower than in the control group (P ≤ 0.05). The serum levels of T4, T3, and TSH hormones in the 110-dB group were insignificantly lower than the control group (P > 0.05). The serum level of testosterone in the 110-dB group was significantly lower than the control group (P ≤ 0.05). The mean serum levels of testosterone in the 65-dB and 85-dB groups were insignificantly lower than the control group (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Based on this study, exposure to noise pollution increased cortisol secretion and decreased T4, T3, TSH, and testosterone levels in rats. As this hormonal imbalance may create direct and indirect effects, studies and strategies are recommended to control the imbalance of hormones in the polluted environments.

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