scholarly journals Androgens in SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus Infections

2021 ◽  
pp. S145-S151
Author(s):  
L STÁRKA ◽  
M DUŠKOVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Deprivation ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Androgenic Alopecia ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Prostate Cancer Treatments ◽  
Androgen Levels

Recent molecular biology findings have shown that for the penetration of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus into host cells, a key role is played by protease serine 2, the activity of which is dependent on androgens. The important role of androgens is also evidenced by clinical observations that men in some age categories are infected by this novel coronavirus up to two times more frequently than women. In addition, men with androgenic alopecia tend to have more serious clinical courses, while men with androgen deprivation as a result of prostate cancer treatments tend to have milder courses. This is in line with the fact that preadolescent children are only rarely sickened with serious forms of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Even though these observations may be explained by other factors, many authors have hypothesized that lowered androgen levels and blocking their activity using anti-androgen medication may moderate the course of the viral infection in intermediately- to critically-affected cases. Clearly, it would be important for androgen deprivation to block not just gonadal androgens, but also adrenal androgens. On the other hand, low androgen levels are considered to be a risk factor for the course of SARS-CoV-2 infections, either because low androgen levels have a general effect on anabolic-catabolic equilibrium and energy metabolism, or because of the ability of testosterone to modify the immune system. It is not yet clear if infection with this novel coronavirus might induce hypogonadism, leading to undesirable side effects on male fertility.

scholarly journals Role of Multifunctional Cytoskeletal Filaments in Coronaviridae Infections: Therapeutic Opportunities for COVID-19 in a Nutshell

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1818
Author(s):  
Victor Norris ◽  
Judit Ovádi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Immunomodulatory Agents ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
One Year ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

A novel coronavirus discovered in 2019 is a new strain of the Coronaviridae family (CoVs) that had not been previously identified in humans. It is known as SARS-CoV-2 for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2, whilst COVID-19 is the name of the disease associated with the virus. SARS-CoV-2 emerged over one year ago and still haunts the human community throughout the world, causing both healthcare and socioeconomic problems. SARS-CoV-2 is spreading with many uncertainties about treatment and prevention: the data available are limited and there are few randomized controlled trial data on the efficacy of antiviral or immunomodulatory agents. SARS-CoV-2 and its mutants are considered as unique within the Coronaviridae family insofar as they spread rapidly and can have severe effects on health. Although the scientific world has been succeeding in developing vaccines and medicines to combat COVID-19, the appearance and the spread of new, more aggressive mutants are posing extra problems for treatment. Nevertheless, our understanding of pandemics is increasing significantly due to this outbreak and is leading to the development of many different pharmacological, immunological and other treatments. This Review focuses on a subset of COVID-19 research, primarily the cytoskeleton-related physiological and pathological processes in which coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2 are intimately involved. The discovery of the exact mechanisms of the subversion of host cells by SARS-CoV-2 is critical to the validation of specific drug targets and effective treatments.

COVID 19: Camostat and The Role of Serine Protease Entry Inhibitor TMPRSS2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Bittmann
Keyword(s):  
Host Cell ◽  
Serine Protease ◽  
Cellular Protein ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Robert Koch Institute ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Transmembrane Serine Protease

According to the latest research, the novel coronavirus uses the protein angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) as a receptor for docking to the host cell. Essential for entry is the priming of the spike (S) protein of the virus by host cell proteases. A broadly based team led by infection biologists from the German Primate Centre and with the participation of the Charité Hospital in Berlin, the Hanover Veterinary University Foundation, the BG-UnfallklinikMurnau, the LMU Munich, the Robert Koch Institute and the German Centre for Infection Research wanted to find out how SARS-CoV-2 enters host cells and how this process can be blocked [1]. They have published their findings in the journal "Cell" [1]. The team of scientists was initially able to confirm that SARS-CoV-2 docks to the host cell via the ACE-2 receptor. They also identified Transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) as the cellular protein responsible for entry into the cell [1-3].

scholarly journals The Two-Way Switch Role of ACE2 in the Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia and Underlying Comorbidities

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Xiao Cong Pang ◽  
Han Xu Zhang ◽  
Zhi Zhang ◽  
Suguro Rinkiko ◽  
Yi Min Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spot ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Lung Failure ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Viral Target

December 2019 saw the emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has spread across the globe. The high infectivity and ongoing mortality of SARS-CoV-2 emphasize the demand of drug discovery. Angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) is the functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells. ACE2 exists as a membrane-bound protein on major viral target pulmonary epithelial cells, and its peptidase domain (PD) interacts SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with higher affinity. Therefore, targeting ACE2 is an important pharmacological intervention for a SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, we described the two-way switch role of ACE2 in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia and underlying comorbidities, and discussed the potential effect of the ACE inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker on a hypertension patient with the SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, we analyzed the S-protein-binding site on ACE2 and suggested that blocking hot spot-31 and hot spot-353 on ACE2 could be a therapeutic strategy for preventing the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Besides, the recombinant ACE2 protein could be another potential treatment option for SARS-CoV-2 induced acute severe lung failure. This review could provide beneficial information for the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents via targeting ACE2 and the clinical usage of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) drugs for novel coronavirus pneumonia treatment.

scholarly journals The scientific research progress of novel coronavirus—— SARS-COV-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 03052
Author(s):  
LiuQing Yang
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Clear Idea

A COVID-19 outbreak suddenly appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and then spread around the world quickly. So far, there have been a series of studies on SARS-COV-2 which has been confirmed as the cause of the outbreak. On account of the characteristic of spreading in droplet, SARS-COV-2 could be transmitted from person to person, causing the epidemic to become more and more severe all over the world. For SARS-COV-2, the spike S protein is essential for successfully infecting cells. In fact, most developmental strategies of vaccines are based on the structure of S proteins as well as host cell receptors. There are also vaccines based on the role of RNA molecules of SARS-COV-2 in host cells or the immune response of human body against the virus. This paper summarizes some research results of scholars on SARS-COV-2, aiming to provide people with a clear idea to understand SARS-COV-2, and hoping to make some contributions to the fight against the virus.

scholarly journals The potential role of Bromhexine in the management of COVID-19: Decipher and a real game-changer

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Hayder M. Al-Kuraishy ◽  
Marwa S. Al-Niemi ◽  
Nawar R. Hussain ◽  
Ali I. Al-Gareeb ◽  
Claire Lugnier
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Bronchial Epithelial ◽  
S Protein ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Transmembrane Serine Protease ◽  
Game Changer

Primary infection of SARS-CoV-2 (novel coronavirus or 2019-nCoV), which leads to Covid-19, targets specific cells, such as nasal, bronchial epithelial and pneumocytes, through the viral structural spike (S) protein that binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Also, type 2 transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2) present in the host cell promotes viral uptake by cleaving ACE2 and triggering the SARS-CoV-2 S protein, which facilitates SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells. One of the TMPRSS2 inhibitors with a greater distribution capacity into the lung tissue is bromhexine hydrochloride which attenuates the entry and proliferation of SARS-CoV-2. Bromhexine is an effective drug in the management and treatment of Covid-19 pneumonia via targeting ACE2/ TMPRSS2 pathway. However, prospective and controlled clinical trials are recommended to confirm this observation.

scholarly journals Systemic effects of the hormonal treatment of male hypogonadism with preliminary indications for the management of COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 204201882096643
Author(s):  
Rossella Cannarella ◽  
Aldo E. Calogero ◽  
Rosita A. Condorelli ◽  
Antonio Aversa ◽  
Sandro La Vignera
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Systemic Effects ◽  
Male Hypogonadism ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Low Serum

Male hypogonadism, defined as an inadequate production of testosterone (T), is associated with a greater morbidity and mortality. Epidemiological studies identified T deficiency as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Also, low serum T levels impact on glucose homeostasis through a worse glucose uptake, utilization, and disposal, and the general negative impact on metabolism. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive and updated overview of the effects of T replacement therapy on metabolic and cardiovascular systems and prostate tissue in patients with hypogonadism, including molecular mechanisms through which T exerts its actions. Furthermore, recent findings on novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemiology have shown a greater mortality in male compared with female patients and a role of T in promoting the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection of the host cells has been demonstrated. Hence, the secondary aim of this review is to provide preliminary indications on the management in patients with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Potential role of Curcumin against viral infections with a view on structure and pathogenesis of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kajal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Option ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Positive Sense ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

A novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (nCOVID-19) is an enveloped, positive sense, single stranded RNA viruses of zoonotic origin caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, currently responsible for pandemic health crisis. Due to increasing mortality rate there is an immediate need to develop possible treatments and understand the mechanism through which virus can cause complications in human body. The review intended to provide link between natural product as treatment and COVID-19 disease. Therefore, this review summarizes the structure, pathogenesis as well as understanding the various role of curcumin as a treatment option for COVID-19 which includes: targeting viral entry to host cells, targeting viral replication, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant. Hence, curcumin can be a potential treatment option for COVID-19 patients and this review also suggest that more clinical research and development is needed in order to prepare a new drug for emerging SARS-CoV-2.

130: Role of Calcium Intake on Bone Mineral Density in Rostate Cancer Patients Under Androgen Deprivation Therapy

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 41-42
Author(s):  
Anna Orsola ◽  
Jacques Planas ◽  
Carlos Salvador ◽  
José M. Abascal ◽  
Enrique Trilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Androgen Deprivation Therapy ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Androgen Deprivation ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Rostate Cancer

The Role of Physical Exercise and Diet in management of Medoroga (STHAULYA) Reference Novel Coronavirus Covid 19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1585-1592
Author(s):  
Roshna Sukhdeoji Bhutada
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Physical Movement ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Exercise Routine ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
General Wellbeing

Nowadays, due to Covid-19 pandemic circumstance, numerous individuals are Staying from home. Understudy is additionally concern with the online class from home, because of which all physical movement of all individual has been stopped. Medoroga is one of the dominating metabolic problems and driving reason for mortality. Numerous patients with Covid infection 2019 (COVID-19) have identified with the metabolic disorder during the lockdown. The general wellbeing proposes (Work from Home, requests, gyms, terminations of garden and wellness focuses) to forestall Covid-19 spread can possibly decrease day by day physical movement. Ideas of Agni, Prakriti, strategy for victualing ought to be given equivalent consideration while choosing ones dietary and exercise routine to turn away/control Medoroga (STHAULYA). Organizing of diet is generally important to support insusceptibility. According to numerous investigates to give valuable pabulum which contains Zinc, Vitamin C, Vitamin D and invulnerability. It is practically equivalent to Medoroga referenced in Ayurveda compositions. Strick likeness outwardly inspected in both customary arrangement of medication and Ayurveda while portraying its causative components, outcomes and preventive part of exercise and diet in its administration. Striking is outwardly analyzed in both Traditional arrangements of medication and Ayurveda depicting its causative factors, and preventive capacity of movement and diet in its pandemic Covid-19.

SARS-COV2 virus and Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 977-982
Author(s):  
Mohamed J. Saadh ◽  
Bashar Haj Rashid M ◽  
Roa’a Matar ◽  
Sajeda Riyad Aldibs ◽  
Hala Sbaih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

SARS-COV2 virus causes Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and represents the causative agent of a potentially fatal disease that is of great global public health concern. The novel coronavirus (2019) was discovered in 2019 in Wuhan, the market of the wet animal, China with viral pneumonia cases and is life-threatening. Today, WHO announces COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic. COVID-19 is likely to be zoonotic. It is transmitted from bats as intermediary animals to human. Also, the virus is transmitted from human to human who is in close contact with others. The computerized tomographic chest scan is usually abnormal even in those with no symptoms or mild disease. Treatment is nearly supportive; the role of antiviral agents is yet to be established. The SARS-COV2 virus spreads faster than its two ancestors, the SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), but has lower fatality. In this article, we aimed to summarize the transmission, symptoms, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine to control the spread of this fatal disease.

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