scholarly journals Efecto de la suplementación con forrajes arbustivos sobre el desempeño productivo de conejos (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (34) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Veronica Marcela Calderon-Bedoya ◽  
Miguel Angel Castaño-Benitez ◽  
Raul Adolfo Velásquez-Vélez
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Feeding Costs ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Carcass Performance

Actualmente existe una alta demanda de alimentos balanceados destinados a la ceba de animales que resultan costosos, por lo tanto, los alimentos balanceados no convencionales son una alternativa para obtener buenos resultados a bajo costo; planteando como objetivo evaluar el efecto de la suplementación de diferentes forrajes en el desempeño productivo y rendimiento de la canal de 24 conejos machos raza Nueva Zelanda, distribuidos en 4 tratamientos con 6 individuos cada uno, determinando ganancia de peso, rendimiento de canal y costos de alimentación. Se realizó un análisis de medidas repetidas en el tiempo con el paquete estadístico SAS, encontrando que no hay diferencias significativas (p≤0,05) entre el Botón de oro y el alimento comercial, con respecto a peso final y rendimiento de la canal, identificando una disminución en costos, concluyendo que la suplementación con materias primas no convencionales es una alternativa para reducir los costos de producción, hasta un 59%. Currently there is a high demand for balanced feeds intended for fattening animals that are expensive, therefore, unconventional balanced feeds are an alternative to obtain good results at low cost, consequently, the objective was to evaluate the effect of supplementation of different forages in the productive and carcass performance of 24 male New Zealand breed rabbits, distributed in 4 treatments with 6 individuals each one, measuring weight gain, carcass weight and feeding costs. It performed a repeated measures analysis over time with the SAS statistical package, there are no significant differences (p≤0,05) between Mexican sunflower and commercial feed, with respect to carcass performance, identifying a decrease in costs, concluding that supplementation with unconventional raw materials is an alternative to reduce production costs, up to 21,3%.

scholarly journals Materials and Applications for Low-Cost Ceramic Membranes

Membranes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanmyrat Abdullayev ◽  
Maged Bekheet ◽  
Dorian Hanaor ◽  
Aleksander Gurlo
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
High Temperature Stability ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Materials Used

In water treatment applications, the use of ceramic membranes is associated with numerous advantages relative to polymer-based filtration systems. High-temperature stability, fouling resistance, and low maintenance requirements contribute to lower lifecycle costs in such systems. However, the high production costs of most commercially available ceramic membranes, stemming from raw materials and processing, are uneconomical for such systems in most water treatment applications. For this reason, there is a growing demand for new ceramic membranes based on low-cost raw materials and processes. The use of unrefined mineral feedstocks, clays, cement, sands, and ash as the basis for the fabrication of ceramic membranes offers a promising pathway towards the obtainment of effective filtration systems that can be economically implemented in large volumes. The design of effective ceramic filtration membranes based on low-cost raw materials and energy-efficient processes requires a balance of pore structure, mass flow, and robustness, all of which are highly dependent on the composition of materials used, the inclusion of various pore-forming and binding additives, and the thermal treatments to which membranes are subjected. In this review, we present recent developments in materials and processes for the fabrication of low-cost membranes from unrefined raw materials, including clays, zeolites, apatite, waste products, including fly ash and rice husk ash, and cement. We examine multiple aspects of materials design and address the challenges relating to their further development.

scholarly journals Ecological-and-Economic Evaluation of Vinyl Chloride Production in Mineral Resource Clusters

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 02025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Kudryashova ◽  
Evgeniy Kharlampenkov ◽  
Natalia Zakharova ◽  
Anastasiya Kolevatova
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Material Consumption ◽  
Chemical Company ◽  
The Past ◽  
Method Of Production ◽  
Production Capacities ◽  
Energy Companies

Over the past six years, the volume of plastics production inprimary forms in Russia increased by 57%, exceeding 7.8 million tons in 2017. During this period, the production capacities were substantially renovated; new plants were put into operation. Increasing the competitiveness of Russian polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is possible on the basis of the integrated use of raw materials, the use of innovative technologies and reduction of production costs. When calculating costs, the following aspects were taken into account: type, availability and cost of raw materials, the number of chemical stages of final product production, its yield, energy intensity and material consumption of the process, the possibility of combining this method of production with other productionp rocesses of a chemical company, i.e. complex use of all obtained products. This is due to the low cost of raw materials, the clustering of coaland chemical enterprises and energy companies located in the Kemerovo region, which makes the production of PVC competitive.

scholarly journals KAJIAN PEMBERIAN PAKAN BERBAHAN BAKU LOKAL DENGAN KANDUNGAN PROTEIN YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN IKAN GURAME (Osphronemus goramy Lac.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Aditya Kusuma Nugroho ◽  
Siti Hudaidah ◽  
Limin Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Protein Treatment

Gourami fish (Osphronemus goramy Lac.) is a freshwater fish commodity that has high economic value because its very popular with all people. But the feed commonly used by gourami fish cultivators is factory-made feed, which is a commercial feed that usually costs quite a lot of money due to the material for making commercial feed, some of which still import from abroad. Therefore it is necessary to find a solution to reduce the cost of cultivation production by replacing commercial feed with homemade feed made from local raw materials. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of local raw materials formulated to make feed suitable for the growth of gourami fish (Osphronemus goramy Lac.) And to analyze the production costs of goramy feed made from local raw materials. This study consisted of 4 treatments and 3 replications using the completely randomized design (CRD) method. The treatments consisted of treatment A (30% protein), treatment B (33% protein), treatment C (36% protein), and treatment D (commercial). The results of this study indicate that the treatment of feed A, B, and C produced the same growth as commercial feed, and treatment of feed A resulted in the lowest feed production costs compared to other treatments. Key word: feed, growth, local raw materials, Oshphronemus goramy

scholarly journals Butter whey and corn steep liquor as sole raw materials to obtain a bioemulsifier from Yarrowia lipolytica for food oil-in-water emulsions

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiane Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Karine Marques Lento de Freitas ◽  
Adejanildo da Silva Pereira ◽  
Gizele Cardoso Fontes-Sant’Ana ◽  
Maria Helena Miguez da Rocha-Leão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yarrowia Lipolytica ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Emulsification Index ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Steep Liquor ◽  
Cheese Production

ABSTRACT: A synthetic medium containing glucose, glycerol, yeast extract (YE), and ammonium sulfate (AS) was compared to several low-cost media in their ability to produce high emulsification index (EI). The goal was to reduce the production costs of an emulsifier with application in food oil-in-water emulsions. To this end, agro-industrial by-products were screened for bioemulsifier production from Yarrowia lipolytica. The statistical analysis showed that the EIs of media containing residual frying oil from palm oil (RFO_palm) or soybean oil (RFO_soy), residual liquid from butter production (butter whey, BWhey) or cheese production (cheese whey, CWhey), supplemented with YE and AS were similar to the EI of the synthetic medium. The replacement of YE by corn steep liquor (CSL) also resulted in similar EI, except for RFO_soy. BWhey was tested with CSL without AS and similar EI (66.8%) was detected in comparison to that of the same medium with AS (66.3%). The cell-free broth obtained after Y. lipolytica growth in BWhey+CSL was successfully used to obtain vegetable oil-in-water emulsions indicating its potential application in food products.

scholarly journals PSXIV-30 Effect of aggressive growth promotant strategy on head dimensions of Jersey steers

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 308-308
Author(s):  
Kimberly Cooper ◽  
Tylo J Kirkpatrick ◽  
Sierra L Pillmore ◽  
Travis Tennant ◽  
Ty Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Carcass Performance

Abstract Head dimensions of Jersey steers (n = 30) were assessed to quantify differences related to aggressive implant strategy and to determine their correlation to live, carcass performance, and grading traits. Steers were either implanted with Revalor 200 (REV; n = 15) on d0, d70, d140, d210, d280, and d360 or utilized as a control group (CON; n = 15). Every 70 d, steers were digitally imaged with a 100 cm2 standard placed on the head; head length (HL, measured from top of poll to end of hairline superior of nose-pad) and head width (HW, measured from outermost canthus across sagittal plane to opposite canthus) were measured from digital images. All steers were fed a common finishing ration for 420d and humanely harvested on d421. Head length, HW, and ratio of HL:HW a were analyzed in a repeated measures analysis with day as the repeated measure and animal as subject. Head length did not differ between CON and REV groups (P = 0.52; HL = 44 cm). Head width was greater (P < 0.01) for REV (21.8 cm) than CON (20.7 cm). The ratio of HL:HW differed (P < 0.01); CON averaged 2.1 cm, and REV averaged 2.0 cm. Head length was correlated to marbling score (r = 0.50) and yield grade (YG, r = 0.39) whereas HW was correlated to live weight (LW, r = 0.70), hot carcass weight (HCW, r = 0.68), dressed yield percentage (r = 0.44), and LM area (r = 0.38). Correlations of HL:HW were linearly related to HCW (r = -0.40), dressed yield percentage (r = -0.40), KPH percent (r = 0.67), LM area (r = -0.40), marbling score (r = 0.63), and YG (r = 0.49). Correlations between dimensional head-measures and carcass grading outcomes may support the use of such measurements to improve sorting of cattle into appropriate marketing groups.

Recent Developments in Polyurethane Foams Containing Low-Cost and Pro-Ecological Modifiers

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4s) ◽  
pp. 571-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Kosmela ◽  
◽  
Lukasz Zedler ◽  
Krzysztof Formela ◽  
Jozef Haponiuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Ground Tire Rubber ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Pu Foams

Diversity of the polyurethane (PU) foams applications cause that investigation of the relationships between their structure and properties is currently very popular topic among the many research institutions and companies. At the turn of the last years many scientific papers about PU foams and their composites were published. The one of the main trends in research in this field is related to the reduction of production costs of PU foams. This aim can be successfully achieved through the incorporation of raw materials of natural origin or the utilization of waste materials. This work reviews the progress and recent developments in area of PU foams containing low-cost and pro-ecological modifiers, such as crude glycerol, liquefied biomass, ground tire rubber, etc.

scholarly journals Study of Feeding with Local Raw Materials with Different Protein for Growth Sultana Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Edward Gracealdo Sinaga ◽  
Siti Hudaidah ◽  
Limin Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
High Price ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Feed Control ◽  
Gift Tilapia ◽  
Protein Treatment

Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) strain of Sultana (superior selection of salabintana) is a new variety developed by the Center for Freshwater Resources Development (BBPABT) Sukabumi, West Java. Sultana tilapia is the result of crossing 10 superior varieties such as gift tilapia, jica, white, and other superior tilapia. Many factors cause the high price of feed, one of which is dependent on imported raw materials for feed manufacture. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the use of local raw materials with different protein content in feed for the growth of tilapia and reduce production costs by using local raw materials as feed ingredients. This research was conducted from March 21 to June 19, 2020 at the Integrated Field Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. The design used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of four treatments with three replications. The treatments given included 30% protein treatment (A), 33% protein treatment (B), 36% treatment (C), and commercial feed control (D) for 60 days of maintenance. The data obtained were analyzed by using the ANOVA test and followed by the Duncan test. The results obtained in this study are that treatment B has the best FCR value and is significantly different compared to other treatments so as to produce the best growth. Besides that, treatment A and C also had a significantly different FCR value compared to the control

Efektivitas Comprehensive Breastfeeding Education terhadap Keberhasilan Pemberian Air Susu Ibu Postpartum

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Nurbaeti ◽  
Kustati Budi Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Breastfeeding Education ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Postpartum Mothers

Pemberian Air Susu Ibu (ASI) masih merupakan masalah bagi pemenuhan kebutuhan nutrisi bayi baru lahir. Dukungan agar ibu menyusui bayi merupakan hal penting dalam menginisiasi dan mempertahankan pemberian ASI. Strategi dibutuhkan untuk mendukung keberhasilan menyusui. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis efektivitas comprehensive breastfeeding education terhadap keberhasilan pemberian (ASI) pada periode postpartum. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan kuasi eksperimen one group pre post test repeated measured design. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 22 ibu dengan menggunakan teknik accidental sampling. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan pada bulan September–Oktober 2013 di Puskesmas wilayah Kota Tangerang Selatan. Intervensi dilakukan selama 30 menit. Pengumpulan data dilakukan sebelum intervensi, 3 hari setelah intervensi (post1), dan 10 hari setelah intervensi (post 2). Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan observasi. Keberhasilan pemberian ASI berdasar pada parameter pengetahuan, langkah menyusui, perlekatan bayi, dan kecukupan ASI. Analisis data menggunakan general linear model repeated measureANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya signifikansi comprehensive breastfeeding education (p=0.001). Rata-rata keberhasilan pemberian ASI sebelum dan setelah intervensi meningkat. Sebesar 93,9% intervensi memengaruhi tingkat keberhasilan. Rata-rata sebelum intervensi 56,74 (SD 5,92), post 1 sebesar 60,83 (SD 6,38) dan post2 sebesar 74,55 (SD 5,32). Subvariabel yang memiliki efek secara signifikan setelah intervensi adalah pengetahuan (p=0.001) dan langkah menyusui (p=0.001), sedangkan subvariabel perlekatan bayi (p=0.061) dan kecukupan ASI (p=0.162) tidak secara signifikan berbeda antara sebelum dan setelah intervensi. Pelaksanaanbreastfeeding education disarankan pada ibu agar dapat melakukan posisi perlekatan bayi yang benar sehingga dapat mengurangi masalah-masalah berkaitan dengan perlekatan yang tidak sesuai seperti puting perih, lecet atau berdarah, dan bayi kurang puas dalam menyusu yang bisa mengakibatkan gagalnya program ASI ekslusif.Kata kunci:Menyusui, pendidikan, perlekatan, postpartum AbstractBreastfeeding have still been problem for adequate newborn nutrition. Adequate breastfeeding support is essential for mothers to initiate and maintain optimal breastfeeding practices. A strategic needed to support successful breastfeeding. The purpose of research is to analyze the effectiveness comprehensive breastfeeding education on successful breastfeeding at postpartum periods. A quasi-experimental one group pretest, post test, repeated mesaured was used. This study was conducted at public health in Tangerang Selatan municipality in September–October 2013 among 22 postpartum mothers, convenience sampling methods. Intervention was done 30 minute. Data were collected before intervention (pretest), third day after intervention (post 1) and tenth day after intervention (repeated/post 2) using four parameter, that are knowledge, breastfeeding steps, proper lacth-on and adequate breastmilk. Using repeated measures analysis of variance there was a significant increase (p=0.001) in the overall Successful breastfeeding mean. Around 93,9% the effectiveness of intervention influence on successful. The mean before intervention is 56,74 (SD 5,92), increased at post 1:60,83 (SD 6,38) and post 2:74,55 (SD 5,32). Subvariable which has effect significantly after intervention is knowledge (p=0.001) and breastfeeding steps (p=0.001), in contrary, proper latch-on (p=0,061) and adequate breastmilk (p=0.162) have no significant effect after intervention. Suggestion to support breastfeeding education and counselling proper latch-on adequately that can decrease the problem such as painful, creaks or bloody putting.Key words: Breastfeeding, education, latch-on, postpartum

Bamboo Waste-based Bio-composite Substance: An application for Low-cost Construction Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Teodoro Astorga Amatosa ◽  
Michael E. Loretero
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Experimental Medium ◽  
Natural Treatment

Bamboo is a lightweight and high-strength raw materials that encouraged researchers to investigate and explore, especially in the field of biocomposite and declared as one of the green-technology on the environment as fully accountable as eco-products. This research was to assess the technical feasibility of making single-layer experimental Medium-Density Particleboard panels from the bamboo waste of a three-year-old (Dendrocalamus asper). Waste materials were performed to produce composite materials using epoxy resin (C21H25C105) from a natural treatment by soaking with an average of pH 7.6 level of sea-water. Three different types of MDP produced, i.e., bamboo waste strip MDP (SMDP), bamboo waste chips MDP (CMDP) and bamboo waste mixed strip-chips MDP (MMDP) by following the same process. The experimental panels tested for their physical-mechanical properties according to the procedures defined by ASTM D1037-12. Conclusively, even the present study shows properties of MDP with higher and comparable to other composite materials; further research must be given better attention as potential substitute to be used as hardwood materials, especially in the production, design, and construction usage.

SELISIH BIAYA PRODUKSI SEBAGAI ALAT PENGENDALIAN MANAJEMEN PT INDO PUSAKA BERAU

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
SAFITRI NURHIDAYATI ◽  
RIZKI AMELYA SYAM
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Material Costs ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

This study aims to analyze whether the difference that occurs in the cost of raw materials, direct labor, and factory overhead costs between the standard costs and the actual costs in PLTU LATI is a difference that is favorable or unfavorable. Data collection techniques with field research and library research. The analytical tool used is the analysis of the difference in raw material costs, the difference in direct labor costs and the difference in factory overhead costs. The hypothesis in this study is that the difference allegedly occurs in the cost of raw materials, direct labor costs, and factory overhead costs at PT Indo Pusaka Berau Tanjung Redeb is a favorable difference. The results showed that the difference in the cost of producing MWh electricity at PT Indo Pusaka Berau Tanjung Redeb in 2018, namely the difference in the price of raw material costs Rp. 548,029.80, - is favorable, the difference in quantity of raw materials is Rp. 957,216,602, - is (favorable) , the difference in direct labor costs Rp 2,602,642,084, - is (unfavorable), and the difference in factory overhead costs Rp 8,807,051,422, - is (favorable) This shows that the difference in the overall production cost budget is favorable or profitable. This beneficial difference shows that the company is really able to reduce production costs optimally in 2018.  

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