scholarly journals The role of plantain (Plantago lanceolata) on East Coast dryland: results from three farm case studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
M.J. Macfarlane ◽  
P.D. Muir ◽  
E. Crofoot
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
On Farm

Three on-farm sites where plantain was sown with legumes and/or perennial ryegrass were monitored for 2 years post-sowing. On two cultivated sites in Hawke's Bay, newly sown plantain/clover pastures produced 20% and 22% more dry matter, respectively, than newly sown ryegrass/clover or established pastures. On an uncultivatable site in coastal Wairarapa, aerially oversowing of plantain and clover resulted in 282% more dry matter than resident pasture on north faces. Plantain pastures had higher clover contents and lambs had faster growth rates and higher dressing-out percentages than lambs finished on traditional ryegrass/clover pastures. Plantain and a mix of annual and perennial clovers offer a promising alternative to ryegrass-based systems in dryland. As with lucerne, plantain and erect annual clovers need to be rotationally grazed to prevent damage to the crown and growing points. The success of these alternative forages in dryland farming systems will depend on farmer willingness to embrace new grazing management techniques. Keywords: forages, plantain, arrowleaf clover, Persian clover, balansa clover, white clover, red clover oversowing, live weight gain.

The quality of pork when included in the diet of the drug Permaite

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
N. I. Kulmakova ◽  
L. B. Leontiev
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Potassium Oxide ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chuvash Republic ◽  
On Farm

It is well known that the growth rate of an animal depends on the level of feeding. However, the diets used in farms do not always meet the body’s needs for biologically active substances. In recent years numerous studies have been conducted to study the eff ect of natural and synthetic complex biologically active drugs on the productivity, metabolism of pigs and the quality of the products obtained. The imbalance or lack of certain nutrients in the diet reduces the productivity of animals, reduces the conversion of feed. The purpose of our research was to study the effect of the drug Permaite included in the diet of pigs on some indicators of the quality and safety of pork. Permaite is a standardized zeolite-containing trepel of the Chuvash Republic. Its chemical composition is (%): silicon oxide – 64,39, iron oxide – 3,25. aluminum oxide – 8,42, titanium oxide – 0,45, calcium oxide – 7,74, calcium carbonate – 14,7, magnesium oxide – 1,71, potassium oxide – 1,81, sodium oxide – 0,03, phosphorus pentoxide – 0,20 and other impurities – 11,9. Experimental studies have been conducted on 2 groups of pigs on rearing and subsequent fattening. Pigs of the experimental group have been received the main diet with the inclusion of the drug Permaite at a dose of 3 % to the dry matter of the main diet in the form of a fraction of 0,1–0,3 mm. The drug has been prescribed once a day in a mixture with compound feed for 60 days. The control group of pigs during this period was on farm diet without the inclusion of the drug. Upon reaching the live weight of 100–110 kg the pigs have been sent for slaughter. The results of the research allow us to conclude that the inclusion of the drug Permaite in the dose of 3 % to the dry matter of the main diet provides the increase in the nutritional, biological, energy value, technological properties and safety of pork.

A comparison of silages made from red clover/grass, white clover/grass and high nitrogen grass swards for beef production

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Stewart ◽  
I. I. McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Grass Sward

ABSTRACTSilage cut twice annually (June and August) from a tetraploid red clover/grass sward and three times annually (May, July and September) from a low nitrogen (N) and high N perennial ryegrass/white clover sward was fed in proportion to dry-matter yield from each cut, over a 10-week period, each winter for 3 years to castrated male cattle of initial live weight 401 kg in year 1 and 425 kg in years 2 and 3. The silages were supplemented with 0, 1, 2 and 3 kg concentrate per head daily.Total dry-matter yield from the red clover/grass sward was similar to that from the perennial ryegrass/white clover sward (high N grass) receiving 360 kg N per ha but the digestibility, particularly of first cut material was much lower. Dry-matter production of the low N grass/white clover sward was 0·73 of high N grass sward and produced silages of similar digestibility and fermentation.Dry-matter intakes by the cattle were higher on the legume-based silages in years when clover made a worthwhile contribution to total yield, but this did not significantly improve utilization or animal performance compared with high N grass silage. Mean daily carcass gain per head on red clover/grass silage was 0·41 kg which was significantly less than the 0·61 kg on white clover/grass silage and 0·59 on high N grass (P < 0·001). Carcass output from red clover/grass silage was 618 kg/ha and 629 kg/ha from white clover/grass, both of which were significantly less than the 863 kg/ha from the high N grass silage (P < 0·001). Dressing proportion was also significantly poorer in animals fed red clover/grass silage compared with the other silage types.

Dry-matter intake and live-weight gain of cattle and sheep offered different grass varieties with and without clover

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Miles ◽  
R. J. K. Walters ◽  
E. M. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Animal Feeding

SUMMARYA series of animal feeding trials was designed to determine differences between grasses in dry-matter intake and animal live-weight gain, with a view to indicating better selection criteria for improving the feeding value of herbage.Wide differences were demonstrated in feed intake and live-weight gain between single-variety grass feeds at similar levels of digestibility.S.37 cocksfoot gave consistently good and S.51 timothy, consistently poor responses.Supplementation of grass feeds with red clover frequently resulted in marked improvement in feed intake and animal performance.

Relationship between dry matter, fibre and nitrogen degradation characteristics of silage and silage intake of steers

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.E.R. Dawson ◽  
R.W.J. Street
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Fibre Concentration ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Poor Relationship

AbstractA study was carried out to examine the relationship between silage intake and rumen degradability characteristics of silage. The dry matter (DM), neutral-detergent fibre (NDF), acid-detergent fibre (ADF), hemicellulose and nitrogen (N) degradability characteristics of 136 silages were determined using polyester bags in three rumen fistulated beef cross steers. The bags were incubated for 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. Intakes of these silages, by steers, were reported by Steen et al., 1998. The relationships between silage DM intake (g/kg metabolic live weight) and DM, fibre and N degradability characteristics of the silages were poor (R2 < 0·32). Degradability characteristics of the silages were highly negatively correlated with fibre concentration of the silages (R < –0·82) and highly positively correlated with the soluble N minus ammonia concentration (R < 0·77). Some of the degradability characteristics were highly correlated with organic matter digestibility, particularly the proportion of DM, fibre and N degraded after 72 h (R = 0·75 to 0·85). In view of the poor relationship between silage intake and degradability, the results of this study question the rôle of degradation characteristics of DM, fibre and N in the rumen on silage intake.

The influence of formaldehyde application at ensiling and of supplementation with urea or maize starch on the utilization by calves of ryegrass and red clover silages

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Kaiser ◽  
D. F. Osbourn ◽  
P. England
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Formaldehyde Treatment

ABSTRACTPrimary growths of perennial ryegrass and red clover were ensiled with formic acid (2 1/t fresh crop), o an equal quantity of formic acid together with formaldehyde (46 or 49 g/kg crude protein in the ryegrass or red clover respectively). The four silages were offered ad libitum to 12 groups, each of five British Friesian steer calves, either alone or with urea or maize starch supplements at 18·4 or 185·2 g/kg total dry-matter intake respectively.Digestible organic matter and digestible energy intake, live-weight gain, carcass weight, nitrogen retention and all digestibility measurements were higher on the ryegrass silages than on the red clover silages. However, dry-matter intake was higher on the red clover silages.Formaldehyde treatment reduced lactic and total acid content, and protein degradation in the silages. It also increased intake, live-weight gain and nitrogen retention on ryegrass but not on red clover, the effect being greater when the urea supplement was given. Digestibility measurements were depressed by formaldehyde treatment, although cellulose digestibility was only depressed in the ryegrass silage.Supplementation with starch depressed silage intake and nitrogen and cellulose digestibility, but increased dry matter, organic matter and energy digestibilities, digestible organic matter and digestible energy intakes, live-weight gain and carcass weight. The positive intake, live-weight gain and carcass weight responses were greater on the silages treated with formic acid, while the digestibility and the live-weight gain responses were greater on the red clover silages. Starch supplementation did not improve nitrogen retention.The different animal production responses to formaldehyde treatment on the ryegrass and red clover silages are discussed.

scholarly journals A review of the use of chicory, plantain, red clover and white clover in a sward mix for increased sheep and beef production

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. Cranston ◽  
P.R. Kenyon ◽  
S.T. Morris ◽  
P.D. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Cichorium Intybus ◽  
Winter Grazing ◽  
Clover Pasture

Many farmers are sowing mixed swards containing chicory (Cichorium intybus), plantain (Plantago lanceolata), red clover (Trifolium pratense) and white clover (T. repens) (hereafter termed herb and clover mix). This herb and clover mix has comparable annual dry matter (DM) production to perennial ryegrass white clover pasture (rye/wc), however, it has a different pattern of growth, producing more DM during summer and autumn. The herb and clover mix also has a higher nutritive value and is able to support greater rates of animal production, especially over summer, than rye/ wc in both sheep and cattle. The herb and clover mix is most suited to a rotational grazing interval of 3-4 weeks to an 8 cm residual height, with no winter grazing. When managed appropriately the herb and clover mix is able to persist for at least 2 years and up to 5 years under both sheep and cattle grazing. Keywords: Cichorium intybus, Plantago lanceolata, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, legume, perennial, nutritive value.

Beef production from silage 2. The performance of beef cattle given silages of either perennial ryegrass or red clover

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Thomas ◽  
B. G. Gibbs ◽  
J. C. Tayler
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Primary Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rate Of Decline

ABSTRACT1. A primary growth of perennial ryegrass was cut on 8 to 11 May (early) or on 12 June (late) for comparison with the primary growth of a tetraploid red clover, which was cut either on 1 or 2 June (early) or on 28 June (late). The crops were ensiled, after wilting for about 4h, with the addition of formic acid at 2·21/t fresh crop. The silages were given ad libitum alone or with rolled barley at 11·5 g dry matter per kg live weight to 40 British Friesian steers initially 3 months old and 108 kg live weight.2. On average there was no significant difference in digestibility between perennial ryegrass and red clover. However, the rate of decline in digestibility with time was greater with perennial ryegrass than with red clover.3. Calves given silage of red clover as the sole feed ate more dry matter and grew faster than calves given grass silage (P <0·001) but supplementation with barley reduced the intake of red clover silage to a greater extent than that of perennial ryegrass silage. Barley supplementation increased live-weight gain of calves given perennial ryegrass from 0·32 to 0·83 kg/day and that of calves given red clover from 0·63 to 0·99 kg/day (interaction P <0·05). The results did not indicate a higher net efficiency of utilization of the legume. Date of cut had no significant effect on dry-matter intake but earlier cutting resulted in an increase in live-weight gain from a mean of 0·61 to 0·77 kg/day (P <0·001).4. The results show that high rates of live-weight gain (0·74 kg/day) can be achieved by calves given silage of red clover and that earlier cutting of herbage for silage does not always result in higher intakes of dry matter. Supplementation of silages with barley can reduce markedly the difference in intake and live-weight gain apparent when the silages are given as sole feeds.

Energy and protein content and intake by stall-fed lambs of pure and mixed swards of Centrosema pubescens Benth., Pueraria phaseoloides Benth. and Brachiaria mutica Stapf. under a mango plantation

1985 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
F. H. K. Asiedu ◽  
S. K. Karikari
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Pueraria Phaseoloides ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Brachiaria Mutica

SummaryPure and mixed swards of Centrosema pubescens (centro), Pueraria phaseoloides (puero) and Brachiaria mutica (para grass) established under a 12-year-old mango plantation were sampled at 6-week intervals for 2 years to determine crude-protein (CP) content, dry-matter (D.M.) and CP yields and apparent digestible energy and apparent digestible crude-protein (DCP) contents. Daily dry-matter intake (DMI) and apparent digestible energy and digestible crude-protein intakes (DEI and DCPI), as well as live-weight gain (LWG) by 11·5 kg penned West African cross-bred weaner lambs, were also determined.The pure legumes were better than the mixed swards in respect of CP (mean: 22·1, 18·8, 14·4 and 13·8% for centro, puero, centro-para grass and puero-para grass respectively) and DCP (mean: 16·2, 13·4, 10·4 and 10·0% respectively) contents, and daily DMI (mean: 50·8, 49·7, 41·8 and 41·3 g/kg W0·75 respectively), DEI (mean: 562, 531, 418 and 410 kj/kg W075 respectively) and DCPI (mean: 8·09, 6·55, 4·04 and 3·94 g/kg W0·75 respectively). On the other hand the legume-grass mixed swards, especially puero-para grass, were superior to the corresponding pure-legume swards with regard to D.M. yield (mean: 11·90, 7·69, 7·13 and 4·54 t/hafor puero-para grass, centro-para grass, puero and centro respectively) and CP yield(mean: 1·62,1·09, 1·32 and 0·99 t/ha respectively). The pure-legume stands gave the highest LWG per lamb (mean: 45·7, 3·89, 2·63 and 25·3 g/day for centro, puero, centro–para grass and puero-para grass respectively) but it was estimated that the legume-grass mixed swards would give higher returns in terms of lamb LWG on forages harvested per unit sward area than the corresponding pure-legume cover.It was concluded that legume-grass covers would be preferred to all-legume covers if livestock were to be integrated into tree crop farming systems. However, the choice of companion grass would have to be given proper consideration as shade-intolerant grass species, such as para grass, would detract from profit maximization.

scholarly journals Functional diversity vs monotony: The effect of a multi-forage diet as opposed to a single forage diet on animal intake, performance, welfare, and urinary nitrogen excretion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Garrett ◽  
M R Beck ◽  
C J Marshall ◽  
A E Fleming ◽  
C M Logan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effect of offering animals a multi-forage choice of fresh herbages on dry matter intake (DMI), live weight gain and animal welfare, in comparison with a monotonous diet of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Twenty ram lambs [30.5 ± 0.9 kg initial live weight; mean ± standard error of the mean], were randomly allocated to either a diet consisting of diverse multi-forage choice (MF) or a single forage ryegrass (SF) diet (n = 10 per treatment) for 35 days. Both diets were fed ad libitum; however, the MF diet was composed of set dry matter ratios of: 24% chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), 30% lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), 25% plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.), and 21% ryegrass. The DMI of the MF lambs was 48% greater (P &lt; 0.01) and the within animal day-to-day coefficient of variation (CV) of intake was 26% lower (P &lt; 0.01) than the SF lambs. The average daily gain (ADG) of lambs offered the MF diet was 92% greater (P &lt; 0.01) than the lambs offered the SF diet. The within animal day-to-day CV of intake was negatively related with ADG (r = -0.59: P &lt; 0.01). The MF lamb’s urinary N concentration was 30% lower (P &lt; 0.01) than that of the SF lambs. The SF lambs spent more time (P &lt; 0.05) exhibiting stereotypic behaviors in the afternoon and spent more time observing other animals than the MF. Overall, allocating a multi-forage choice of fresh herbages as opposed to a single forage diet of ryegrass increases DMI and thereby animal performance, while potentially reducing urinary N excretion.

scholarly journals A paddock survey of on-farm plantain use

2019 ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Dodd ◽  
Ray A. Moss ◽  
Ina J.B. Pinxterhuis
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Visual Estimation ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Direct Drilling ◽  
On Farm

The use of narrow-leaved plantain (Plantago lanceolata) in pasture sowing mixtures has recently increased following research demonstrating the value of the ‘Tonic’ cultivar in reducing cattle urinary N concentration, with likely benefits for reducing N leaching from pasture systems. The purpose of this study was to document the ways in which farmers are using plantain, investigate the factors that enhance successful establishment and persistence, and to test a method of visual estimation of plantain content in paddocks. This information will support verification of animal intake, given that there is evidence that a critical level of plantain is required in the diet to achieve significant effects on N cycling. In grass-based pastures, plantain content declined with age since sowing and few paddocks had more than 20% of their available dry matter as plantain after three years. A systematic visual assessment of plantain cover correlated well with a formal visual dry matter assessment and could be used to establish when plantain content at a paddock scale is  >20–30%. Plantain content tended to be highest when sown without grass, when established by direct drilling and on clay soils, but optimal sowing rates have yet to be determined.

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