scholarly journals A paddock survey of on-farm plantain use

2019 ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Dodd ◽  
Ray A. Moss ◽  
Ina J.B. Pinxterhuis
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Visual Estimation ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Direct Drilling ◽  
On Farm

The use of narrow-leaved plantain (Plantago lanceolata) in pasture sowing mixtures has recently increased following research demonstrating the value of the ‘Tonic’ cultivar in reducing cattle urinary N concentration, with likely benefits for reducing N leaching from pasture systems. The purpose of this study was to document the ways in which farmers are using plantain, investigate the factors that enhance successful establishment and persistence, and to test a method of visual estimation of plantain content in paddocks. This information will support verification of animal intake, given that there is evidence that a critical level of plantain is required in the diet to achieve significant effects on N cycling. In grass-based pastures, plantain content declined with age since sowing and few paddocks had more than 20% of their available dry matter as plantain after three years. A systematic visual assessment of plantain cover correlated well with a formal visual dry matter assessment and could be used to establish when plantain content at a paddock scale is  >20–30%. Plantain content tended to be highest when sown without grass, when established by direct drilling and on clay soils, but optimal sowing rates have yet to be determined.

scholarly journals Establishment of plantain into existing pastures

2019 ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Racheal H. Bryant ◽  
Mike B. Dodd ◽  
Allister J.E. Moorhead ◽  
Paul Edwards ◽  
Ina J.B. Pinxterhuis
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Nitrogen Losses ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Direct Drilling ◽  
On Farm

In recent years plantain (Plantago lanceolata) has emerged as a potential forage for reducing nitrogen losses from dairy farm systems. However, achieving sufficient proportions of plantain in pastures to help meet target reductions in nitrate leaching presents on-farm challenges. To investigate sowing methods for establishing plantain into existing pasture to achieve high plantain populations, direct drilling was compared with broadcasting before and after grazing. Additionally, pre-graze mowing versus grazing only, and early versus late first defoliation after sowing were investigated to assess their effect on reducing competition from existing pasture. Botanical composition was determined in a small-plot study at Lincoln following summer sowing under irrigation, and from commercial dairy farms in Canterbury (irrigated) and Waikato (not irrigated). Generally, direct drilling was more effective than broadcast sowing for establishing plantain. The method of defoliation after sowing (pre-graze mowing or grazing) was not as important as timing of early defoliation in the resulting plantain populations. Early grazing, while seedlings were small enough to avoid defoliation, improved plantain establishment likely by reducing competition from the pre-existing pasture.

scholarly journals The role of plantain (Plantago lanceolata) on East Coast dryland: results from three farm case studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
M.J. Macfarlane ◽  
P.D. Muir ◽  
E. Crofoot
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
On Farm

Three on-farm sites where plantain was sown with legumes and/or perennial ryegrass were monitored for 2 years post-sowing. On two cultivated sites in Hawke's Bay, newly sown plantain/clover pastures produced 20% and 22% more dry matter, respectively, than newly sown ryegrass/clover or established pastures. On an uncultivatable site in coastal Wairarapa, aerially oversowing of plantain and clover resulted in 282% more dry matter than resident pasture on north faces. Plantain pastures had higher clover contents and lambs had faster growth rates and higher dressing-out percentages than lambs finished on traditional ryegrass/clover pastures. Plantain and a mix of annual and perennial clovers offer a promising alternative to ryegrass-based systems in dryland. As with lucerne, plantain and erect annual clovers need to be rotationally grazed to prevent damage to the crown and growing points. The success of these alternative forages in dryland farming systems will depend on farmer willingness to embrace new grazing management techniques. Keywords: forages, plantain, arrowleaf clover, Persian clover, balansa clover, white clover, red clover oversowing, live weight gain.

The visual assessment of pasture yield

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (62) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
NA Campbell ◽  
GW Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Visual Estimation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Trained Observers ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Single Calibration

The methodology of using a visual estimation technique to assess dry matter yield of pastures was studied in eight experiments. Various aspects were examined, viz: the shape of the relationship between actual and visually assessed yield; whether observers could maintain consistency over a period of hours; the effects on consistency of prediction of the sequence of yield of pastures; whether a wide range in botanical composition could be accommodated; whether green and dry pasture could be assessed with equal precision. A linear relation, or occasionally a curvilinear relation, was obtained over a large range in yield. No consistent bias due to immediate previous values in a sequence was found. However, it was found that, without training, observers over-estimated the effects of height and under-estimated the effects of density in yield. In practice, trained observers gave much more accurate regressions; for green annual pastures at all growth stages, dry annual pastures, and irrigated lucerne, lovegrass and pangola grass, r2 values were greater than 0.70 on all but 11 per cent of 126 occasions.A wide range of botanical composition was able to be included in a single calibration, i.e. ryegrass, capeweed, sub clover and erodium. Recommendations are made for routine use of the technique in the field.

scholarly journals Co-application of a biosolids product and biochar to two coarse-textured pasture soils influenced microbial N cycling genes and potential for N leaching

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjutha Shanmugam ◽  
Sasha N. Jenkins ◽  
Bede S. Mickan ◽  
Noraini Md Jaafar ◽  
Falko Mathes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Microbial N ◽  
And Chemical Properties

AbstractCo-application of biochar and biosolids to soil has potential to mitigate N leaching due to physical and chemical properties of biochar. Changes in N cycling pathways in soil induced by co-application of biological amendments could further mitigate N loss, but this is largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to determine whether co-application of a biochar and a modified biosolids product to three pasture soils differing in texture could alter the relative abundance of N cycling genes in soil sown with subterranean clover. The biosolids product contained lime and clay and increased subterranean clover shoot biomass in parallel with increases in soil pH and soil nitrate. Its co-application with biochar similarly increased plant growth and soil pH with a marked reduction in nitrate in two coarse textured soils but not in a clayey soil. While application of the biosolids product altered in silico predicted N cycling functional genes, there was no additional change when applied to soil in combination with biochar. This supports the conclusion that co-application of the biochar and biosolids product used here has potential to mitigate loss of N in coarse textured soils due to N adsoption by the biochar and independently of microbial N pathways.

scholarly journals Boron nutrition and yield of alfalfa cultivar crioula in relation to boron supply

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 496-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anacleto Ranulfo dos Santos ◽  
Waldssimiler Teixeira de Mattos ◽  
Ana Aparecida da Silva Almeida ◽  
Francisco Antonio Monteiro ◽  
Beatriz Dias Corrêa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Boron Concentration ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
External Solution ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Critical Levels ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Plant Data ◽  
South Brazil

Alfalfa cultivar Crioula (Medicago sativa cv. Crioula) is grown in South Brazil and only a few studies on the plants' boron requirement are available. A greenhouse experiment was carried out with alfalfa to measure boron acquisition, production and distribution in the plant; data on critical level and production potentials were recorded. Plants were grown in ground quartz added with 1 L of solution, with the following boron rates: 0, 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, and 2.00 mg L-1. Plants were harvested at 46 days of growth. Forage dry mass was increased by boron supply and dry matter accumulation was considerably low in control. Boron concentration in the leaves was higher than in the stems or roots. Boron utilization from the external solution reached 90% at 0.0625 mg L-1 and sharply decreased with further increasing boron rates. Boron concentration and content in the leaves and in plant tops were at maximum when applied boron was between 1.5 and 1.6 mg L-1. Critical levels of boron in plant were 61 mg kg-1 in the leaves and 39 mg kg-1 in plant tops for this cultivar of alfalfa.

scholarly journals Yield and performance of sugarcane in on-farm interface with rubber in Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-255
Author(s):  
Luís Fernando Guedes Pinto ◽  
Marcos Silveira Bernardes ◽  
Antônio Roberto Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
And Performance ◽  
On Farm

Agroforestry systems are indicated as an alternative for sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) cultivation in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, however there are not many field experiments on plant performance under these conditions in the world. The objective of this work was to assess crop yield and partitioning in a sugarcane-rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) interface in on-farm conditions. The availability of irradiance for the crop along the interface was simulated and its effe ct over sugarcane dry matter production was tested. Crop yield was negatively affected by distance of the trees, but development and sucrose were not affected. Above ground dry matter increased from 16.6 to 51.5 t ha-1 from trees. Partitioning did not have a defined standard, as harvest index increased from 0.85 to 0.93, but specific leaf area was not significant along the transect, ranging from 13.48 to 15.73 m² kg-1. Light is the main factor of competition between the trees and the crop, but the relative importance of below ground interactions increases closer to the trees. Feasibility of the system depends on maturity of the trees and management strategies.

scholarly journals The Effect of Feeding Liquid or Dry Creep Feed on Growth Performance, Feed Disappearance, Enzyme Activity and Number of Eaters in Suckling Piglets

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3144
Author(s):  
Nanna Byrgesen ◽  
Johannes Gulmann Madsen ◽  
Christina Larsen ◽  
Niels Jørgen Kjeldsen ◽  
Malene Skovsted Cilieborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two dietary treatments (liquid creep feed (LCF) and dry creep feed (DCF)) offered during the suckling period on feed disappearance, number of eaters, and intestinal enzymatic development at weaning in an on-farm study with 347 piglets. Piglets were allocated to either the DCF or LCF treatment from day 10 to day 24 postpartum for 9 h a day. Red ferric oxide (1%) was added to the diet to categorize piglets into eating categories (good eaters, moderate eaters, or non-eaters) via faecal swabs. At weaning, 40 piglets were sampled for intestinal enzymatic development. The LCF treatment increased the dry matter disappearance from day 10–18 (p < 0.001). The percentage of good eaters, moderate eaters and non-eaters did not differ between treatments (p > 0.05). The DCF pigs displayed greater average daily gain (ADG) pre-weaning (p = 0.024), and a greater body weight (BW) at day 61 (p < 0.001). The activity of lactase, maltase and sucrase in the proximal part of the small intestine were greatest (p < 0.001) in the DCF pigs.

The quality of pork when included in the diet of the drug Permaite

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
N. I. Kulmakova ◽  
L. B. Leontiev
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Potassium Oxide ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chuvash Republic ◽  
On Farm

It is well known that the growth rate of an animal depends on the level of feeding. However, the diets used in farms do not always meet the body’s needs for biologically active substances. In recent years numerous studies have been conducted to study the eff ect of natural and synthetic complex biologically active drugs on the productivity, metabolism of pigs and the quality of the products obtained. The imbalance or lack of certain nutrients in the diet reduces the productivity of animals, reduces the conversion of feed. The purpose of our research was to study the effect of the drug Permaite included in the diet of pigs on some indicators of the quality and safety of pork. Permaite is a standardized zeolite-containing trepel of the Chuvash Republic. Its chemical composition is (%): silicon oxide – 64,39, iron oxide – 3,25. aluminum oxide – 8,42, titanium oxide – 0,45, calcium oxide – 7,74, calcium carbonate – 14,7, magnesium oxide – 1,71, potassium oxide – 1,81, sodium oxide – 0,03, phosphorus pentoxide – 0,20 and other impurities – 11,9. Experimental studies have been conducted on 2 groups of pigs on rearing and subsequent fattening. Pigs of the experimental group have been received the main diet with the inclusion of the drug Permaite at a dose of 3 % to the dry matter of the main diet in the form of a fraction of 0,1–0,3 mm. The drug has been prescribed once a day in a mixture with compound feed for 60 days. The control group of pigs during this period was on farm diet without the inclusion of the drug. Upon reaching the live weight of 100–110 kg the pigs have been sent for slaughter. The results of the research allow us to conclude that the inclusion of the drug Permaite in the dose of 3 % to the dry matter of the main diet provides the increase in the nutritional, biological, energy value, technological properties and safety of pork.

ENSILING CHARACTERISTICS OF SILAGES TREATED WITH SODIUM HYDROXIDE

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 935-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL FLIPOT ◽  
D. N. MOWAT ◽  
J. G. BUCHANAN-SMITH ◽  
J. J. PARKINS
Keyword(s):  
Corn Stover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Total N ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Corn Stover Silage ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Farm System

Two trials were conducted to investigate the effect of NaOH on the ensiling characteristics of corn and alfalfa forage. In one trial, NaOH was added at levels of 0, 2, 3, or 4% of dry matter (DM) to whole plant corn and 0 or 3% to corn stover, and ensiled in cryovac bags. In a second trial, 0 or 3% NaOH was added to whole plant corn or alfalfa (25–40% DM). In addition, alfalfa had molasses added at a level of 0 or 10% of the forage DM. Materials were ensiled in miniature silos of 250-ml capacity. Additions of NaOH to all forages increased silage pH (P < 0.05). Molasses may have some influence in limiting the rise in pH after addition of NaOH but the effect appears to be limited. Alkali treatment of corn stover silage and corn silage generally increased lactic acid production. Total-N of all silages tended to decrease with NaOH treatment. However, alkali treatment markedly reduced soluble-N with all forages (P < 0.05), except with corn stover. Molasses also reduced soluble-N (P < 0.05) with alfalfa silage of low DM content. Treating forages while ensiling would appear to represent a suitable on-farm system for alkali treatment.

Prediction of forage dry matter and soluble carbohydrate content from analysis of expressed juice

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 234-234
Author(s):  
D.I.H. Jones ◽  
C.P. Freeman ◽  
J.R. Newbold ◽  
A.R. Fychan ◽  
Elspeth Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Ultimate Objective ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Relationship

The dry matter (DM) and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentrations of forage are the main characteristics influencing the course of silage fermentation. Knowledge of these parameters would enable decisions to be made both on the need for additive and the type of additive likely to be most effective. Moreover, the degree of wilt could also be followed in wilted crops. The present study was directed to assessing the relationship between the composition of the crop and the volume and composition of the expressed juice. The ultimate objective was the development of on-farm methodology for predicting the ensiling characteristics of crops.

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