scholarly journals An on-farm study of the herbage quality and sward characteristics of plantain-clover mixes during late summer and autumn and resulting lamb growth rates

2018 ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Lydia M Cranston ◽  
Peter D Kemp ◽  
Steve T Morris ◽  
Brennon A Wood
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Key Management ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Herbage Quality ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Lamb Growth

An on-farm study investigated the herbage quality and sward characteristics of plantain-clover mixes and resulting lamb growth rates during late summer and autumn. Three farms were chosen, each with a minimum of 10 ha of plantain-clover mix (Plantago lanceolata ‘Ceres Tonic’, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens) used for lamb finishing. Each farm managed the plantain-clover mix area using their routine management without advice or comment from research staff. Throughout autumn, at approximately monthly intervals on the three farms, the pre- and post-grazing herbage masses, botanical composition, herbage quality, plantain dry matter content, secondary chemical composition and lamb growth rates were monitored. A low percentage of clover in the sward, a high percentage of dead stem material and a low crude protein concentration in plantain during dry periods, were identified as the most likely causes of low lamb liveweight gains during autumn. Grazing management during spring that maintains control of plantain stems and encourages the presence of clover, appears to be a key management technique for ensuring high lamb liveweight gains on plantain-clover mixes in late summer and autumn.

scholarly journals Effects of Enriched Charcoal as Permanent 0.2% Feed-Additive in Standard and Low-Protein Diets of Male Fattening Turkeys: An On-Farm Study

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 541
Author(s):  
Hinz ◽  
Stracke ◽  
Schättler ◽  
Kemper ◽  
Spindler
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Reduction ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Experimental Group

Wet litter is the most important cause of footpad dermatitis in poultry, this in turn being a highly relevant animal-related welfare indicator. This field study was subdivided into two experiments. In Experiment 1, the standard diet was supplemented by 0.2% enriched charcoal, being a non-specific absorber and therefore might be promising in reducing faecal moisture. In Experiment 2, the experimental group received a reduced crude protein diet during weeks 6–13, combined with a 0.2% enriched charcoal supplementation. The trials were each conducted with two batches on three farms under on-farm conditions. The animals were observed at 6, 10, 14 and 18 weeks of age to collect data on body weight and different health parameters. The mortality and litter samples were analysed after slaughtering. In Experiment 1, performance and health were not affected despite higher dry matter content of the litter. In Experiment 2, the weight of birds receiving the protein-reduced diet was decreased significantly throughout the experiment. However, the slaughter weight did not differ. The mortality was reduced by 0.5% in the experimental group. Therefore, it was concluded that 0.2% of enriched charcoal is not a valuable feed-additive regarding animal health, while temporary protein reduction might have positive effects.

scholarly journals A Comparison of On-Farm Methods for Estimating the Dry Matter Content of Feed Ingredients

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.R. Oetzel ◽  
F.P. Villalba ◽  
W.J. Goodger ◽  
K.V. Nordlund
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
On Farm

scholarly journals Meta-analyses comparing the nutritional composition of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and plantain (Plantago lanceolata) pastures

2019 ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena M.K. Minneé ◽  
Barbara Kuhn-Sherlock ◽  
Ina J.B. Pinxterhuis ◽  
David F. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Dry Matter Content

Studies comparing livestock responses to diets containing plantain with traditional ryegrass/clover diets suggest differences in the nutritional composition between the species might explain some of the variation in results. To explore this theory, a meta-analysis was performed to compare the nutritional composition of plantain and perennial ryegrass pastures, and define key differences between the species. Standardised effect sizes (plantain vs ryegrass pastures), expressed as correlation coefficients (r) with values from -1 to +1, and treatment means from 34 studies were determined using a weighted random effects model. Pastures containing plantain had lesser herbage dry matter content than ryegrass pastures across all seasons (mean 13.4 vs. 19.4%, P<0.001; r<-0.65). Structural fibre content was consistently smaller (mean 32.1 vs. 43.4% DM), but non-structural fibre content larger in plantain compared with ryegrass pastures (large effect sizes of r>0.70). There was no difference in total herbage nitrogen concentration (g/100 g DM; r<0.03). However, plantain pastures contained less soluble and degradable nitrogen compared with ryegrass pastures (r<-0.78). Herbage digestibility did not differ significantly between pastures (r=-0.13; P=0.168). Generally, the effect of plantain on nutritional composition was consistent across seasons. Experiments and models investigating the effects of pasture mixes on environmental nitrogen losses ought to include detailed nitrogen and carbohydrate fractions data for accurate interpretation and prediction.

Optimising harvest timing by predicting dry matter content of whole-crop cereals for silage

2004 ◽  
pp. 83-83
Author(s):  
J.M. De Ruiter ◽  
S. Maley ◽  
M. Robson
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Small Variation ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Herbage Quality ◽  
Harvest Timing

Abstract Timing of harvest is the single most important factor affecting the yield and quality of whole-crop cereals used for conserved feed. Changes in dry matter content (%DM) and relationships to herbage quality and maturation are presented for experiments conducted over three seasons beginning in 2001/ 2002. Changes in crop characteristics such as ear moisture, ear fresh weight, ear dry weight and leaf fraction were monitored to determine whether growers could use crop-based measurements in place of whole-crop % DM content to assist withdecision making close to harvest. A preliminary model defined the rate of crop maturation for a range of currently grown cultivars. Linear patterns of dry down occurred with only small variation in drying rate for the duration of grain filling. A model with specific inputs for cultivar, date of awn tip appearance (GS49), and developmental response to thermal time formed the basis of a decision support tool that enables growers and contractors to predict optimum harvest timing for whole-crop cereals. Keywords: silage maturity, supplements, forage, herbage quality

scholarly journals Effects of Early Nutrition of Hatched Chicks on Welfare and Growth Performance: A Pilot Study

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2888
Author(s):  
Jan Berend Lingens ◽  
Amr Abd El-Wahab ◽  
Marwa Fawzy Elmetwaly Ahmed ◽  
Dana Carina Schubert ◽  
Christian Sürie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Factorial Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Early Nutrition ◽  
Foot Pad ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Broiler House

This study aimed to investigate the possibility of rearing newly hatched chicks with immediate access to feed and water in the same hatching unit one week prior to transferring them to the conventional broiler house with special regards to foot pad health and growth performance. Two trials were performed with a total of 6900/6850 (trials 1/2) broiler chickens (ROSS 308). A total of 3318/3391 chicks (trials 1/2) were transported from the hatchery (duration of about 3 h) and reared in a conventional broiler house (control group: delayed nutrition on-hatchery hatched). The control group did not receive any form of nutrition until they were taken to conventional broiler housing. Additionally, a total of 3582/3459 (trials 1/2) embryonated eggs (d 18) were obtained from the same parent flock of the same commercial hatchery and taken to the farm facility. After on-farm hatch, the chicks had immediate access to water and feed (experimental group: early nutrition on-farm hatched). After d 6/7 of life, the on-farm hatched chicks (trials 1/2) were transferred to the broiler house on the same facility. The delayed nutrition on-hatchery hatched groups displayed a significantly lower dry matter content in the litter compared to the early nutrition on-farm hatched groups (two-factorial analysis) at d 6/7 and d 14 of life. However, thereafter, no significant differences were noted. Based upon two-factorial analysis, the early nutrition on-farm hatched groups revealed lower foot pad lesions from d 14 of life onwards and showed a higher body weight (BW) throughout the rearing period compared to the delayed nutrition on-hatchery hatched groups (p < 0.05). Overall, early nutrition on-farm hatched chickens is of critical importance together with using new litter at d 7 to maintain healthy foot pads as well as to enhance nutrient utilization and optimize the growth performance.

scholarly journals Evaluating the benefits of mixed plantain/chicory/clover pastures in a Hawke’s Bay sheep breeding and finishing farm

2019 ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
Jim Spall ◽  
Graeme I. Ogle ◽  
Paul D. Muir
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
System Modelling ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Early Autumn ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Lamb Growth

Farming in the inland Hawke’s Bay, New Zealand with traditional pasture is limited by pasture quality in summer and early autumn. Low lamb growth rates in spring/summer pushes lamb finishing into the late summer and early autumn when feed demand competes with sheep mating and compromises pasture cover entering winter. We discuss our process for investigating and adopting high legume herb-based pastures that thrive within the constraints of our soils. This process involved learning from other farms and trials, small-scale on-farm trials and farm-system modelling. We gain considerable confidence from observing plantain, chicory and clover pastures within a learning group run by Massey University. Our on-farm trial measured by On-Farm Research showed favourable forage production (+20% greater than ryegrass-clover pastures for spring, autumn and winter) and longevity (4–6 grazing seasons). From this we modelled our farm using Farmax software. Farmax calculated an historically poor performance in February, March and April from ewes (-65, -45, -15 g/day respectively) and lambs (55, 0, 35 g/day respectively). Based on six key assumptions, we have calculated the profitability of herb-based pastures. These are compared with the performance we are currently achieving on herb-based pastures. For each value we are achieving better than assumed, i.e. ewe weaning weight 64.0 versus 62 kg, lamb weaning weight 33.0 versus 31.3 kg, ewe lamb growth rate 132 versus 100 g/day, male lamb growth rate 253 versus 235 grams/day and ewe hogget scanning percentage 144 versus 130.

Seasonal body weight, body condition, and lactational trends in muskoxen

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1125-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. White ◽  
D. F. Holleman ◽  
B. A. Tiplady
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Ovibos Moschatus

Seasonal patterns of body weight, fat, protein, milk quality (dry matter content), and milk production rate were determined for three sexually mature female muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) over three consecutive lactation periods. Females were allowed to graze in summer and had access to hay year-round. A high-protein pelleted ration supplemented this diet. Following calving in early May (1984, 1986) or June (1985), body weight remained constant throughout the summer, body fat declined for 3–5 weeks after calving, and body protein declined transiently during the latter period. Almost all annual gains in body weight and body fat occurred during the 6- to 8-week rutting period from mid-August to mid-October. High milk production (1.3–2.4 L/d) occurred 3 weeks post-calving, generally remained high for another month, and declined to 1.2 ± 0.15 L/d (mean ± SEM) just before the rut. A major decline in milk production, to 0.44 ± 0.050 L/d, occurred during the rut. Although milk dry matter increased 33% ± 4.3% during the rut, this increase was offset by the 60% ± 6.4% decline in milk production. All females successfully reproduced each year of the study and no evidence was found for a lactational anestrum. The hypothesis that gains in body weight must be made before the rutting period to maximize conception rate was rejected. This study highlighted the importance to lactating muskoxen of the late summer – early winter period for annual regain in body weight and body fat, which occurred concurrently with ovulation and conception.

scholarly journals Quality and content of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in complete fodder mixture in region of Kraljevo

2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 329-337
Author(s):  
Marija Vukasinovic ◽  
Randjel Mihajlovic ◽  
Nina Pavlicevic ◽  
Arandjel Pavlicevic ◽  
Petar Popovic
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Aas Method ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Microelement Content

We followed the quality and content of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in maize fodder and complete fodder mixture (CFM) for fattened bullocks in the region of Kraljevo. Quality analyses included 10 samples of CFM for bullocks under 250 kg, and 11 samples of CFM for bullocks over 250 kg, while 28 samples were analysed for content of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb. Samples were prepared from ash for microelement content analysis and microelements were determined by the atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) method. The quality of CFM was determined by standard methods. We also determined dry matter content, so we expressed the content of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in dry matter and air-dried hay. The average content of water in CFM for bullocks under 250 kg was 10.67% ashes 4.58%, crude fibre 5.10%, proteins 14.55 %, Ca 0.83% and P 0.50 %. The average content of water in CFM for bullocks over 250 kg was 10.78%, ashes 4.44 %, crude fibre 5.26 %, proteins 13.40 %, Ca 0.85 % and P 0.51 %. The average content of Cu in maize fodder on farm A was 7.86 mg/kg, Zn 24.01 mg/kg, while Cd and Pb were not detected. Content of Cu in CFM on farm B was 7.53 mg/kg, farm C 21.30 mg/kg and farm D 75.51 mg/kg, and of Zn 40.34 mg/kg, 88.87 mg/kg and 115.61 mg/kg, respectively. The content of Cd and Pb in CFM was under maximum permitted concentrations on all farms.

scholarly journals LAMB GROWTH ON "LONG" AND "SHORT" GRAZED PASTURES OF RYEGRASS OR TIMOTHY/COCKSFOOT

1972 ◽  
pp. 199-204
Author(s):  
K.H.C. Lewis ◽  
N.A. Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Grazed Pastures ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lamb Growth ◽  
Main Factor

Lamb growth rates were measured on "long" (> 5 cm) and "short" (< 5 cm) ryegrass and timothy/cocksfoot pastures sown with clovers. Both before and after weaning in December, the growth rates of lambs were similar on "short" pastures but lower on "long" ryegrass pastures than on "long" timothy/cocksfoot pastures. Before weaning, gains on "short" ryegrass pastures were higher than those on "long" but with timothy!cocksfoot the position was reversed. After weaning, "short" pastures of both types produced higher gains than "long" pastures. The main factor affecting lamb growth rate appeared to be the deterioration of leniently grazed swalrds in late summer and autumn.

Optimum harvest date of maize for biogas and silage purposes

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
G. Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Vegetative Organs

The dry matter and moisture contents of the aboveground vegetative organs and kernels of four maize hybrids were studied in Martonvásár at five harvest dates, with four replications per hybrid. The dry matter yield per hectare of the kernels and other plant organs were investigated in order to obtain data on the optimum date of harvest for the purposes of biogas and silage production.It was found that the dry mass of the aboveground vegetative organs, both individually and in total, did not increase after silking. During the last third of the ripening period, however, a significant reduction in the dry matter content was sometimes observed as a function of the length of the vegetation period. The data suggest that, with the exception of extreme weather conditions or an extremely long vegetation period, the maximum dry matter yield could be expected to range from 22–42%, depending on the vegetation period of the variety. The harvest date should be chosen to give a kernel moisture content of above 35% for biogas production and below 35% for silage production. In this phenophase most varieties mature when the stalks are still green, so it is unlikely that transport costs can be reduced by waiting for the vegetative mass to dry.

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