scholarly journals Meta-analyses comparing the nutritional composition of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and plantain (Plantago lanceolata) pastures

2019 ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena M.K. Minneé ◽  
Barbara Kuhn-Sherlock ◽  
Ina J.B. Pinxterhuis ◽  
David F. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Dry Matter Content

Studies comparing livestock responses to diets containing plantain with traditional ryegrass/clover diets suggest differences in the nutritional composition between the species might explain some of the variation in results. To explore this theory, a meta-analysis was performed to compare the nutritional composition of plantain and perennial ryegrass pastures, and define key differences between the species. Standardised effect sizes (plantain vs ryegrass pastures), expressed as correlation coefficients (r) with values from -1 to +1, and treatment means from 34 studies were determined using a weighted random effects model. Pastures containing plantain had lesser herbage dry matter content than ryegrass pastures across all seasons (mean 13.4 vs. 19.4%, P<0.001; r<-0.65). Structural fibre content was consistently smaller (mean 32.1 vs. 43.4% DM), but non-structural fibre content larger in plantain compared with ryegrass pastures (large effect sizes of r>0.70). There was no difference in total herbage nitrogen concentration (g/100 g DM; r<0.03). However, plantain pastures contained less soluble and degradable nitrogen compared with ryegrass pastures (r<-0.78). Herbage digestibility did not differ significantly between pastures (r=-0.13; P=0.168). Generally, the effect of plantain on nutritional composition was consistent across seasons. Experiments and models investigating the effects of pasture mixes on environmental nitrogen losses ought to include detailed nitrogen and carbohydrate fractions data for accurate interpretation and prediction.

scholarly journals Properties of different silage maize hybrids

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
Valentina Nikolić ◽  
Slađana Žilić ◽  
Milica Radosavljević ◽  
Jelena Vančetović ◽  
Sofija Božinović
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Fibre Composition

The aim of this study was to observe the properties of ten maize hybrids from Serbia including agronomic traits, lignocellulosic fibre composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility. Five yellow kernel dent hybrids and five analogue red kernel hybrids were used in this study to evaluate the agronomic traits, dry matter content of the whole plant, lignocellulosic fibre composition, ratios between different fibres, in vitro dry matter and NDF digestibility. Correlation coefficients between the investigated traits of the maize hybrids were assessed. Even though the results of our study showed variations regarding nutritional composition of the whole maize plant between the investigated maize hybrids, the hybrid and the differences in kernel colour (yellow or red) did not considerably affect the properties that influence quality of the maize hybrids for silage production. The highest IVDMD was determined in yellow kernel hybrid ZP 388, while the maximum NDFD was detected in the red kernel hybrid ZP 606red which also showed the lowest ADL/NDF and ADF/NDF ratios. The results indicate that all of the hybrids used in this study are good candidates for the production of high-quality silage for ruminant nutrition.

The effect of nitrogen fertilizers on the ensiling characteristics of perennial ryegrass and cocksfoot

1970 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. I. H. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Growing Seasons

SUMMARYThe effect of three levels of N fertilizer on the ensiling characteristics of S. 24 perennial ryegrass and S. 37 cocksfoot have been examined during first growth in two growing seasons. The effects of sucrose supplementation, inoculation with Lactobacillus plantarum and wilting were also examined in certain cuts. All silages were made in the laboratory using a small scale vacuum silage technique.The perennial ryegrass herbage was higher in water soluble carbohydrates than the cocksfoot, N fertilizers decreased soluble carbohydrates and dry-matter content in both species. Buffering capacity was not consistently different between grasses or between N levels.Herbage was cut at two stages of maturity in the first year. In the first cut (8 days before ear emergence), perennial ryegrass silages were well preserved irrespective of the amount of N applied to the grass. Cocksfoot silages were well preserved only when the lowest level of N fertilizer had been applied (50 kg/ha). Supplementation of cocksfoot with sucrose prior to ensiling markedly improved silage quality, but inoculation had no effect. In the second cut (26 days after ear emergence) the grasses were higher in drymatter content and showed a lower buffering capacity, but neither ryegrass nor cocksfoot silages were well preserved unless supplemented with sucrose prior to ensiling.In the second year of the experiment only one cut was taken (9 days after ear emergence). As in the previous year, silages made from herbage at a late stage of growth were poorly preserved. Wilting prior to ensiling resulted in well-preserved silages.It is concluded that the need for additives and wilting to ensure satisfactory preservation varies in relation to the variety of grass used and its stage of growth.

scholarly journals Use of New BTH Derivative as Supplement or Substitute of Standard Fungicidal Program in Strawberry Cultivation

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1031
Author(s):  
Maciej Spychalski ◽  
Rafal Kukawka ◽  
Włodzimierz Krzesiński ◽  
Tomasz Spiżewski ◽  
Monika Michalecka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Amide Derivative ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
The Impact

Triggering the plant resistance induction phenomenon by chemical compounds, for example acibenzolar-S-methyl ester, has been known and described in scientific literature. Other benzothadiazole derivatives have been also described; however, their properties have not been sufficiently studied. The tested substance, N-methyl-N-methoxyamide-7-carboxybenzo(1.2.3)thiadiazole (BTHWA), is an amide derivative of benzothiadiazole, showing a stimulating effect on plant growth, apart from its plant resistance inducing activity. This article presents the impact of BTHWA, used solo and in the program with fungicides, on the strawberry plants development, fruits health, yield, and quality parameters of the crop. The results show that the combined use of BTHWA and fungicides had a positive impact on the plants health and fruit health and nutraceutical and nutritional composition of compounds when compared to the results obtained when strawberries were treated only with the BTHWA or the fungicide. As a result of BTHWA use, the partitioning of assimilates has changed, which directly translated into the results of the conducted experiments. A reduction in the respiration of the fruit during storage was also observed, possibly due to a reduced disease infestation and a lower dry matter content in the fruit. A correlation between the parameters determined during the experiment was found. The BTHWA mode of action was evidenced to be beneficial to strawberry plants and fruit.

scholarly journals Nutritional, antinutritional and phenological characterization of promising forage species for animal feeding in a cold tropical zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-96
Author(s):  
Lesvy Ramos ◽  
José Edmundo Apráez ◽  
Kris Stephany Cortes ◽  
José Julián Apráez
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Tropical Zone ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Crude Fiber Content ◽  
Genista Monspessulana ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Nutritional Benefits

The search for forages with high biomass production and high nutritional content has made it possible to find food alternatives that, due to their nutritional benefits and resistance to adverse environmental factors, are the best option for herbivores. With the knowledge of farmers, producers and the experience of researchers, 12 species most frequently used in animal feeding were selected, identified and classified in the University's PSO herbarium of the University of Nariño. These were phenologically, nutritionally and antinutritionally characterized. Of these species, four belonged to the Asteraceae family; the Fabaceae, Adoxaceae and Malvaceae families were represented by two species; the Salicaceae and Cucurbitaceae families were represented by one and were propagated in nursery. In the nutritional composition, the Retamo (Genista monspessulana) stood out for its high dry matter content with 34.2%. Unlike the Chauchilla (Cyclanthera brachystachya), with 8.79%, the Sauco (Sambucus peruviana) had a higher content of protein 25.93%, followed by Abutilon (Abutilon pictum) with 23.42%. Chauchilla (Cyclanthera brachystachya) had the highest crude fiber content, with 21.59%, NDF of 38.06%, and FDA 27.23%. Tannins were the most common secondary metabolites in the species evaluated with moderate or low levels; sterols were present at low levels, and saponins and alkaloids yielded negative values.

scholarly journals An on-farm study of the herbage quality and sward characteristics of plantain-clover mixes during late summer and autumn and resulting lamb growth rates

2018 ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Lydia M Cranston ◽  
Peter D Kemp ◽  
Steve T Morris ◽  
Brennon A Wood
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Key Management ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Herbage Quality ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Lamb Growth

An on-farm study investigated the herbage quality and sward characteristics of plantain-clover mixes and resulting lamb growth rates during late summer and autumn. Three farms were chosen, each with a minimum of 10 ha of plantain-clover mix (Plantago lanceolata ‘Ceres Tonic’, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens) used for lamb finishing. Each farm managed the plantain-clover mix area using their routine management without advice or comment from research staff. Throughout autumn, at approximately monthly intervals on the three farms, the pre- and post-grazing herbage masses, botanical composition, herbage quality, plantain dry matter content, secondary chemical composition and lamb growth rates were monitored. A low percentage of clover in the sward, a high percentage of dead stem material and a low crude protein concentration in plantain during dry periods, were identified as the most likely causes of low lamb liveweight gains during autumn. Grazing management during spring that maintains control of plantain stems and encourages the presence of clover, appears to be a key management technique for ensuring high lamb liveweight gains on plantain-clover mixes in late summer and autumn.

scholarly journals Effect of somatic cell counts occurred in milk on quality of Slovak traditional cheese – Parenica

10.5219/1099 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 675-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viera Ducková ◽  
Margita Čanigová ◽  
Peter Zajác ◽  
Zuzana Remeňová ◽  
Miroslav Kročko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Counts

The aim of this work was to compare somatic cell count in milk used for making steamed cheese Parenica in Slovak industrial dairies and small farm dairies and to find out whether somatic cell counts in milk affect the dry matter content of Parenica cheese. The samples of raw milk were taken from 3 industrial dairies (A, B, C) and from 3 farm dairies (E, F, G), produced traditional Slovak cheese Parenica in period from January untill December 2018. The somatic cell count in milk was determined by FossomaticTM 5000 (Foss, Denmark) and dry matter of cheese by oven drying method to constant weight. There were no statistically significant differences (p >0.05) for somatic cell counts in milk processed in industrial and farm dairies. Lower somatic cell counts were determined in milk amples from industrial dairies (mean value 326.55 thousand in 1 mL) in comparison to milk samples from farm dairies (mean value 507.67 thousand in 1 mL). Statistically lower dry matter content (p <0.01) in the samples of Parenica cheese was found out in farm dairy E in comparison to other dairies. The relationship between somatic cell count in milk and dry matter in cheese was confirmed by the relatively low correlation coefficients in dairies, A = 0.22; C = 0.15 and F = -0.12 and higher correlation coefficients in dairies, B = -0.32; D = 0.45 and E = -0.48. Obtaining a more accurate effect of somatic cell count on cheese quality requires the continuation of the research on a larger number of samples and consideration of other factors.

scholarly journals Copolymerized Natural Fibre from the Mesocarp of Orbignya phalerata (Babassu Fruit) as an Irrigating-Fertilizer for Growing Cactus Pears

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1699
Author(s):  
Ricardo Edvan ◽  
Mariane Sá ◽  
Regina Magalhães ◽  
Rafael Ratke ◽  
Heldeney R. Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Cactus Pear ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Natural Test

Cactus pears face challenges due to global climate change, which is leading to in-depth research to monitor and increase their water activity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of the natural test hydrogel (TH) from Orbignya phalerata fibre as nutrients and water for growing cactus pear genotypes (“Baiana” and “Doce” [Nopalea cochenillifera], ‘Gigante’ [Opuntia fícus-indica], and “Mexican Elephant Ear” [Opuntia stricta]) compared to the use of commercial hydrogel (CH), which is based on polymers composed of polyacrylamide, and a treatment without the use of hydrogel (WH). A completely randomized design was used, in a factorial scheme (4 × 3), with four genotypes of cactus pear and three forms of hydration, with five replications. The number and area of cladode was greatest (p < 0.01) in plants with CH and TH irrigation-fertilization in the ‘Doce’ cactus genotype. The dry biomass of the cladode and root in the ‘Gigante’ cactus genotype was greatest (p < 0.01) in the treatments with CH and TH irrigation-fertilisation. The ‘Baiana’, ‘Doce’, and ‘Gigante’ cactus genotypes exhibited more (p < 0.01) dry matter content with the TH irrigation-fertilisation. The highest (p < 0.01) neutral detergent fibre content was observed in the ‘Baiana’ and ‘Doce’ cactus genotypes when irrigation occurred with WH treatment, and the highest acid detergent fibre content in the ‘Gigante’ genotype. The copolymerized natural fibre from the mesocarp of Orbignya phalerata (babassu fruit) induced a better growth and chemical composition of cactus pear genotypes than the hydrogel based on polymers composed of polyacrylamide.

scholarly journals Seasonal Dynamics of Core Fungi in the Switchgrass Phyllosphere, and Co-Occurrence with Leaf Bacteria

2020 ◽  
pp. PBIOMES-07-20-0
Author(s):  
Alan W. Bowsher ◽  
Gian Maria Niccolò Benucci ◽  
Gregory Bonito ◽  
Ashley Shade
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Microbiome Assembly

Plant leaves harbor complex microbial communities that influence plant health and productivity. Nevertheless, a detailed understanding of phyllosphere community assembly and drivers is needed, particularly for phyllosphere fungi. Here, we investigated seasonal dynamics of epiphytic phyllosphere fungal communities in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a focal bioenergy crop. We also leverage previously published data on switchgrass phyllosphere bacterial communities from the same experimental plants, allowing us to compare fungal and bacterial dynamics and explore interdomain network associations in the switchgrass phyllosphere. Overall, we found a strong impact of sampling date on fungal community composition, with multiple taxonomic levels exhibiting clear temporal patterns in relative abundance. In addition, leaf nitrogen concentration, leaf dry matter content, plant height, and minimum daily air temperature explained significant variation in phyllosphere fungal communities, likely due to their correlation with sampling date. Finally, among the core taxa, fungi–bacteria network associations were much more common than bacteria–bacteria associations, suggesting the importance of interdomain phylogenetic diversity in microbiome assembly. Although our findings highlight the complexity of phyllosphere microbiome assembly, the clear temporal patterns in lineage-specific fungal abundances give promise to the potential for accurately predicting shifts in fungal phyllosphere communities throughout the growing season, a key research priority for sustainable agriculture. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

Effect of Sowing Dates on Growth, Flowering and Yield of Indian Bean Varieties under Agroclimatic Conditions of Malwa Plateau in Madhya Pradesh

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindra Choudhary ◽  
S. S. Kushwah ◽  
R. K. Sharma ◽  
B. K. Kachouli
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Yield Parameters

A field experiment was carried out at research field, College of Horticulture, Mandsaur (M.P.) during kharif season, 2018-19. Twenty treatment combinations comprising of four dates of sowing (D1 - 20th July, D2 - 5th August, D3 - 20th August and D4 - 5th September) and five varieties (V1 - Arka Vijay, V2 - Konkan Bhushan, V3 - Arka Visthar, V4 - Arka Adarsh and V5 - Arka Prasidhi) were evaluated in factorial randomized block design with three replications. The findings of the investigation revealed that among the dates of sowing, D1 (20th July) recorded significantly higher growth parameters, yield parameters and yield. There was highest protein content, dry matter content and fibre content in edible pods under D1 (20th July) and lowest with D4 (5th September) date of sowing. Earliest first flowering, 50% flowering and first picking of pod was noted with D4 (5th September) date of sowing. Among the varieties, variety V3 (Arka Visthar) showed superiority for growth parameters and yield parameters viz., number of spikes plant-1(116.21), pod width (23.04mm), weight of 10 pods (96.19g), pod yield plant-1 (2579.1g), pod yield ha-1 (339.6q) and harvest index (39.4%). Earliest first flowering (41.5 days) and first picking (63.7 days) was observed with V2 (Konkan Bhushan). Highest spike length (31.49cm) was measured with variety V2 (Konkan Bhushan). Highest pod length (14.05cm) and number of pods plant-1 (340.6) were recorded with variety V5 (Arka Prasidhi). Highest protein content (2.80%), fibre content (1.94%) and dry matter content (16.20%) were obtained under the variety V1 (Arka Vijay).

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