scholarly journals Ecogeographical Problems of Air Pollution in the Big Cities of Azerbaijan

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-41
Author(s):  
Sh. Mammadova
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Air Emissions ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Linear Regression Technique

In connection with the development of urbanization, the protection of cities and the environment, issues of restoring the ecological balance become an urgent issue. The scale and intensity of product development in Azerbaijan enhance the anthropogenic impact on the nature of the regions. Such an effect is manifested in the pollution of soils with industrial, household waste, chemical fertilizers, the burning of hydrocarbons, the emission of harmful substances in the water and vehicles into the environment. Like in the whole world and in Azerbaijan, such negative processes are no exception. In this regard, the environmental problems of cities and urban agglomerations around the world are in the focus of attention of specialists and scientists. The presented article considers environmental and geographic problems that arose as a result of air emissions in 8 cities of Azerbaijan. The historical properties of studying atmospheric pollution in cities are analyzed, ecogeographic methods for studying atmospheric pollution of cities are identified, environmental pollutants of large cities and the ecogeographic properties of their influence are considered. The ecological properties of the geographical condition, meteorological climatic conditions in air pollution, aerospace research in the study of atmospheric pollution in large cities and the effect of pollution on the health of the population of large cities are studied. The transport system of cities, their geography, and the effect of emissions of harmful, poisonous substances into the atmosphere by vehicles on public health were also noted. Based on the methods for predicting atmospheric air pollution in large cities and the non-linear regression technique, a mathematical model of ecogeographic forecasting of air pollution is applied. Comprehensive indicators and the level of air pollution in unfavorable conditions for urban agglomerations are determined.

Regional and Subregional Contrasts of Industrial Pollution in the Russian Air Basin in 2008–2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
V.R. Bityukova ◽  
N.V. Petukhovа
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Structure Formation ◽  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Industrial Pollution ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Pollution Reduction ◽  
Air Emissions ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Pollution Emissions

The dynamic of the air pollution factors from industries are very different in Russian regions and in municipalities. In this study there are the main regularities of changes in industrial pollution emissions volume to the atmosphere. There were shown differences in the factors of atmospheric pollution influencing the structure formation and dynamics at the municipal and regional levels. It was demonstrated that the contrasts between individual industries, regions and municipalities in air emissions volumes in 2008–2016 gradually decreased faster than the industry average due to the faster pollution reduction in enterprises of oil production and metallurgy.

Relation between industrialization and the distribution and growth of epiphytic lichens and mosses in Montreal

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 1485-1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Fabius LeBlanc ◽  
Jacques De Sloover
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Epiphytic Lichens ◽  
Range Effect ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Gradual Disappearance ◽  
Specific Tolerance

Epiphytic mosses and lichens are very sensitive to air pollution. Their gradual disappearance from large cities and from the vicinity of industrialized complexes is due, mostly, to phytotoxicants. A simple method to map the long-range effect of air pollution on corticolous epiphytes is described. An I.A.P. or "index of atmospheric pollution" based on the number of species present, their coverage and frequency, and their specific tolerance to pollutants can be expressed quantitatively.

scholarly journals On the trends of long-range air pollution and the dynamics of comfort in climatic conditions in the first half of the twenty-first century in Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
A. A. Makosko ◽  
A. V. Matesheva ◽  
S. V. Emelina
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
First Century ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Methodical Approach

Changes in the general circulation of the atmosphere in a changing climate can lead to a noticeable redistribution of the amount of pollutants entering and areas affecting regions during long-range pollution. In this connection, a methodical approach has been formulated for assessing the trends of long-range atmospheric pollution for given environmentally significant zones, taking into account the predicted climate changes. Pollution indices, characterizing the amount of transported impurity in the latitudinal and meridional directions, are introduced, and calculations are made for January, April, July, October and the year for the period 1980—2050, which generally indicate well-defined trends in long-range atmospheric pollution. The study of the dynamics of the influence of changing weather and climatic conditions in specific areas on human activity in terms of comfort of living has been carried out.

STATISTICAL METHODS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF AIR POLLUTION OF JHANSI CITY, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. CHAUHAN ◽  
BHANUMATI SINGH ◽  
SHREE GANESH ◽  
JAMSHED ZAIDI
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Status

Studies on air pollution in large cities of India showed that ambient air pollution concentrations are at such levels where serious health effects are possible. This paper presents overview on the status of air quality index (AQI) of Jhansi city by using multivariate statistical techniques. This base line data can help governmental and non-governmental organizations for the management of air pollution.

The Impact of High-Speed Rail on the Spatial Structure of Chinese Urban Agglomerations

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-397
Author(s):  
Chunyang Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
River Delta ◽  
City Size ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Spatial Systems ◽  
Economic Concentration ◽  
The Impact

This paper measures the spatial evolution of urban agglomerations to understand be er the impact of high-speed rail (HSR) construction, based on panel data from fi ve major urban agglomerations in China for the period 2004–2015. It is found that there are signi ficant regional diff erences of HSR impacts. The construction of HSR has promoted population and economic diff usion in two advanced urban agglomerations, namely the Yang e River Delta and Pearl River Delta, while promoting population and economic concentration in two relatively less advanced urban agglomerations, e.g. the middle reaches of the Yang e River and Chengdu–Chongqing. In terms of city size, HSR promotes the economic proliferation of large cities and the economic concentration of small and medium-sized cities along its routes. HSR networking has provided a new impetus for restructuring urban spatial systems. Every region should optimize the industrial division with strategic functions of urban agglomeration according to local conditions and accelerate the construction of inter-city intra-regional transport network to maximize the eff ects of high-speed rail across a large regional territory.

scholarly journals Analysis on the Effect of the Mobility of Combustion Vehicles in the Environment of Cities and the Improvement in Air Pollution in Europe: A Vision for the Awareness of Citizens and Policy Makers

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Javier Cárcel-Carrasco ◽  
Manuel Pascual-Guillamón ◽  
Fidel Salas-Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Indirect Measure ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Combustion Gases ◽  
Short Time

Today, the design and remodeling of urban environments is being sought in order to achieve green, healthy, and sustainable cities. The effect of air pollution in cities due to vehicle combustion gases is an important part of the problem. Due to the indirect effect caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, political powers in Europe have imposed confinement measures for citizens by imposing movement restrictions in large cities. This indirect measure has given us a laboratory to show how the reduction in vehicle circulation affects in a short time the levels of air pollution in cities. Therefore, this article analyzes the effect in different European cities such as Milan, Prague, Madrid, Paris, and London. These cities have been chosen due to their large amount of daily road traffic that generates high levels of pollution; therefore, it can clearly show the fall in these pollutants in the air in the analyzed period. The results shown through this study indicate that the reduction in combustion vehicles greatly affects the levels of pollution in different cities. In these periods of confinement, there was an improvement in air quality where pollutant values dropped to 80% compared to the previous year. This should serve to raise awareness among citizens and political powers to adopt measures that induce sustainable transport systems.

scholarly journals Highlighting the compound risk of COVID-19 and environmental pollutants using geospatial technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Kumar Singh ◽  
Martin Drews ◽  
Manuel De la Sen ◽  
Prashant Kumar Srivastava ◽  
Bambang H. Trisasongko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Geospatial Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
Global Threat

AbstractThe new COVID-19 coronavirus disease has emerged as a global threat and not just to human health but also the global economy. Due to the pandemic, most countries affected have therefore imposed periods of full or partial lockdowns to restrict community transmission. This has had the welcome but unexpected side effect that existing levels of atmospheric pollutants, particularly in cities, have temporarily declined. As found by several authors, air quality can inherently exacerbate the risks linked to respiratory diseases, including COVID-19. In this study, we explore patterns of air pollution for ten of the most affected countries in the world, in the context of the 2020 development of the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that the concentrations of some of the principal atmospheric pollutants were temporarily reduced during the extensive lockdowns in the spring. Secondly, we show that the seasonality of the atmospheric pollutants is not significantly affected by these temporary changes, indicating that observed variations in COVID-19 conditions are likely to be linked to air quality. On this background, we confirm that air pollution may be a good predictor for the local and national severity of COVID-19 infections.

Urban Transportation Planning for Air Quality Management: Case Study in Delhi, India, of Role of Social and Economic Costs in Welfare Maximization of Mobility Choice

2002 ◽  
Vol 1817 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolin Kokaz ◽  
Peter Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Environmental Goals ◽  
Management Case Study

Recent economic expansion and population growth in developing countries have had a big impact on the development of large cities like Delhi, India. Accompanied by Delhi’s rapid spatial growth over the last 25 years, urban sprawl has contributed to increased travel. The vehicle fleet projected at current growth rates will result in more than 13 million vehicles in Delhi in 2020. Planning and managing such a rapidly growing transport sector will be a challenge. Choices made now will have effects lasting well into the middle of the century. With such rapid transport growth rates, automobile emissions have become the fastest increasing source of urban air pollution. In India, most urban areas, including Delhi, already have major air pollution problems that could be greatly exacerbated if growth of the transport sector is managed unwisely. The transport plans designed to meet such large increases in travel demand will have to emphasize the movement of people, not vehicles, for a sustainable transportation system. Therefore, a mathematical model was developed to estimate the optimal transportation mix to meet this projected passenger-km demand while satisfying environmental goals, reducing congestion levels, and improving system and fuel efficiencies by exploiting a variety of policy options at the minimum overall cost or maximum welfare from transport. The results suggest that buses will continue to satisfy most passenger transport in the coming decades, so planning done in accordance with improving bus operations is crucial.

Effect of Urban Pollutants on Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Leaves of Hardwood Trees and Shrubs in Urban Green Spaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Sara Ghafari ◽  
Behzad Kaviani ◽  
Shahram Sedaghathoor ◽  
Mohammad Sadegh Allahyari
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Hardwood Trees ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Trees and shrubs of green spaces can tolerate some physiological parameters. They can adapt to climatic conditions, hence, reduce air pollution and can be used as biological indicators in various researches. The present study aimed to explore the impact of urban air pollution on some parameters such as fresh, dry and turgor weight, amounts of chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments, and electrolyte leakage of 18 ornamental tree and shrub species in marginal and downtown parks of Rasht, Iran. The results revealed significant differences in turgor weight, photosynthetic pigments, and chlorophyll a/b ratio, but insignificant differences in electrolyte leakage between the marginal and downtown sites. The results indicated that all quantitative variables of the leaves differed significantly (p ≤ 0.01) among the species, except for fresh weight.

scholarly journals Influence of Mineral Fertilization and Liming on Maize Production on Argic Chernozem in the Burnas Plain

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Anca-Luiza Stănilă
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Advanced Degree ◽  
Mineralization Process ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Medium Permeability

In order to elucidate some aspects regarding the content of nutrients in the soil or humus, the bioaccumulation and mineralization process of organic matter and correction of the soils reaction in the experimental field, within the agricultural holding SC Orhideea SRL Plopsoru, Locality Daia, Giurgiu County, research has been done with chemical fertilizers with NPK and liming - Ca(OH)2 on argic chernozem in maize culture from the Burnas Plain in different doses.Obtaining appropriate agricultural production on argic chernozems is limited by a number of factors such as relief, clay loam, low-medium permeability just below the plowed horizon advanced degree of soil compaction, located between 20-35 cm from the surface (plow sole) and climatic conditions.

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