The Evolution of Economic Interventions and the Violence of International Accountability over the longue durée

2017 ◽  
pp. 74-93
Author(s):  
Bronwen Everill
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Humanitarian Intervention ◽  
State Level ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
Individual State ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Physical Force ◽  
Longue Duree

Chapter Three: Economic Interventions and the Violence of International Accountability, by Bronwen Everill, explores the different uses of economic interventions and their interlocking relationship with the evolution of humanitarian intervention. It specifically focuses on examples from the African continent, stretching from the eighteenth century to the present, though the cases examined will share broader themes with developments outside of the continent. Additionally, it examines state-level economic interventions—sanctions and aid in both war and peacetime—together as one form of pressure for conforming to humanitarian norms. Individual and corporate economic interventions will be considered separately, as a form of intervention inherent to global capitalism. An examination of economic interventions reveals their interconnectivity, as well as their relationship to compulsion and physical force. By giving or withholding, states are able to intervene in the politics of dependent states, while individuals are able to determine the shape of global production. By looking at the long historical record of humanitarian intervention in Africa, Everill is able to make clear connections between different forms of intervention—economic, military, capacity building, humanitarian, individual, state, and NGO.

scholarly journals A Cornish revival? The nascent iconization of a post-obsolescent language

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Dunmore
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Social Constructions ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Group Boundaries ◽  
South West

AbstractThis article considers the case of Cornish, a Celtic language that was in decline in the south-west of Great Britain from the early medieval era until the end of the eighteenth century, when its last recorded native speakers died out. At the point when a language under pressure eventually succumbs to forces of language shift, its role in representations of a distinct sociocultural identity might be expected to die with the medium itself. Yet a sense of cohesion at the group level has been observed to endure long after a shift to another language has occurred, with the obsolescent variety retaining a role in the maintenance of group boundaries. In situations of language shift, the meanings of such social constructions can change considerably, and the obsolescent variety may retain ideological associations with the group as an iconized symbol of identity. The analysis presented in this paper is based on an examination of the historical record as well as a synthesis of recent sociological research on Cornish. Attention will be drawn specifically to the manner in which the language has functioned as an icon of identity since the nadir of its decline as a spoken vernacular, through the ‘Cornish Revival’ of the twentieth century to the present day.

scholarly journals Tracking U.S. Pertussis Incidence: Correlation of Public Health Surveillance and Google Search Data Varies by State

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher H. Arehart ◽  
Michael Z. David ◽  
Vanja Dukic
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
State Level ◽  
Individual State ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Search Data ◽  
State Models ◽  
Uniform Manner ◽  
Google Search ◽  
The U.S

AbstractThe Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention document a raw proxy for counts of pertussis cases in the U.S., and the Project Tycho (PT) database provides an improved source of these weekly data. These data are limited because of reporting delays, variation in state-level surveillance practices, and changes over time in diagnosis methods. We aim to assess whether Google Trends (GT) search data track pertussis incidence relative to PT data and if sociodemographic characteristics explain some variation in the accuracy of state-level models. GT and PT data were used to construct auto-correlation corrected linear models for pertussis incidence in 2004–2011 for the entire U.S. and each individual state. The national model resulted in a moderate correlation (adjusted R2 = 0.2369, p < 0.05), and state models tracked PT data for some but not all states. Sociodemographic variables explained approximately 30% of the variation in performance of individual state-level models. The significant correlation between GT models and public health data suggests that GT is a potentially useful pertussis surveillance tool. However, the variable accuracy of this tool by state suggests GT surveillance cannot be applied in a uniform manner across geographic sub-regions.

Priorities in internationalization of the Japan’s higher education system of the state level

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Lamasheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Education System ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Cultural Diplomacy ◽  
State Level ◽  
Internationalization Of Higher Education ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Skilled Migration ◽  
Higher Education System

Referring to four strategies of internationalization of higher education, suggested by the Organization for economic cooperation and development, Japan’s strategy is traditionally called mutual understanding approach, aiming mainly at the cultural diplomacy and spreading “soft power” around the globe. However, in modern Japan other strategies may become more important, such as skilled migration approach or capacity building approach. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the reasons for different strategies in internationalization of higher education in Japan. It is argued that both skilled migration approach and capacity building approach are implemented, while the revenue-generating approach is not.

Humanitarian Law Compliance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-197
Author(s):  
Roderic Alley
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Due Process ◽  
State Level ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Individual State ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Administrative Capacity ◽  
Marked Variability ◽  
State Legislative

Abstract Ensuring humanitarian law compliance and repression of its violations receives constant reiteration but to mixed effect. While international judicial, jurisprudential and investigatory modalities have advanced, requisite State level competencies exhibit marked variability. This paper devotes most attention to disadvantaged States – those that, for whatever reason, lack the judicial, institutional or administrative capacity to ensure humanitarian law compliance and repression of its violations. Here a profile of 46 States is selected for review, 20 of which are identified as impacted by previous or continuing forms of armed conflict. Data from the World Justice Project’s 2020 Rule of Law Index is utilised. Chosen indicators assess individual State legislative, judicial, due process, and criminal investigatory capacities as perceived and recorded by local publics and individual experts. A comparative evaluation of this data reveals differences within profiles of disadvantaged States. They are investigated to better comprehend humanitarian law compliance challenges facing such States. They include international cooperation, utilisation of amnesties, and the conduct of armed non-state actors. The paper’s central thesis is that humanitarian law compliance, and repression of its violations, remains inadequate without remediation of the capacity impediments evident in disadvantaged States.

Peculiarities of formation of potential of telecommunications enterprises

2021 ◽  
pp. 146-156
Author(s):  
Oleg Fedorenko
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
State Level ◽  
Business Analytics ◽  
Digital Products ◽  
Potential Structure ◽  
Telecommunication Enterprise ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Cloud Technologies

The purpose of the article – to analyze the peculiarities of forming the potential of a telecommunication enterprise and to suggest ways to increase the efficiency of its use. Research methodology. In the process of preparation of the article the methods of analytical, statistical and financial analysis were used. A scientific novelty is the proposal to use effective indicators of economic efficiency of the enterprise, such as profitability, profitability, cost, return on resources, investment, etc. to assess the effectiveness of the formation and use of the potential of the telecommunications enterprise. Conclusions. 1. The study of trends in the formation of the potential of telecommunications enterprises in Ukraine has determined that the pace of its development corresponds to the basic principles and principles of the concept of economic development and strategy of information society development adopted in Ukraine. The development of the economy of telecommunications enterprises is facilitated at the state level by developing new legislation in the information and telecommunications technologies sector in Ukraine, discussing and adopting new strategies for digital transformation aimed at using big data, blockchain, cloud technologies, robotics and the Internet of Things. 2. It is determined that the potential of a telecommunications enterprise is a unity of organizational, technical and information capabilities that contribute to the preparation and adoption of management decisions and influence its development. Features of capacity building determine the following components that ensure its functioning: software and hardware; personnel; information (databases); organizational, marketing, technical, technological, etc. 3. The system of financial indicators for definition of efficiency of functioning of the formed potential of the telecommunication enterprise is offered. 4. To ensure the formation of a strong potential of the telecommunications company in the work identified a number of key measures, including the creation of information systems, ensuring its operation by special staff, information security, creating new digital products and services, e-commerce and digital marketing. business analytics and big data management, etc. Key words: telecommunication enterprises, capacity building, potential structure of telecommunication enterprise, evaluation indicators, state support.

Introduction

2010 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Sharon Flatto
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
World View ◽  
Ashkenazi Jews ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Central Aspect ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Longue Duree ◽  
Longue Durée ◽  
East And West

This chapter describes the multi-layered mystical rabbinic culture of eighteenth-century Prague. It reveals the prominence of Kabbalah in traditional life, particularly in the biography and writings of one of the towering figures of Ashkenazi Jewry named Ezekiel Landau, Prague's chief rabbi from 1754 to 1793. It also explores the deep roots of mysticism of the rabbinic culture of eighteenth-century Prague and sheds light on a central aspect of the life and world-view of a large number of early modern Ashkenazi Jews. The chapter covers the neglect of Prague's rabbinic culture, the importance of Prague as a meeting ground between East and West, and the centrality of Kabbalah for Prague Jews and its persistence over the longue durée. It reviews a wide range of kabbalistic materials and sources that influenced seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Ashkenazi Jews.

Aurangzeb’s Law and Popular Politics

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-175
Author(s):  
Abhishek Kaicker
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Unintended Consequence ◽  
Popular Politics ◽  
Legal Intervention ◽  
Application Of Law ◽  
The People ◽  
Political Protests ◽  
The Relationship

The discourse of sovereignty enunciated at the Mughal court had no place for the participation of its subjects. Yet, by the early eighteenth century, political protests had become visible in the cities of the empire across the historical record. How did this come to be? This chapter shows how Aurangzeb’s discourse of sovereignty privileging of the application of law (sharīʿa) set the terms of the relationship between the king and his subjects. While such legal intervention was designed to impose discipline on a society populated by unruly elites and commoners, an unintended consequence was the creation of new avenues through which urban communities engaged the state: Whether around questions of “justice” in urban disputes, or protests against the prices of food, or the imposition of the poll tax, the people of the empire’s cities began to increasingly demonstrate a capacity to challenge the king in the terms of his own discourse of sovereignty.

Heroic Aesthetics and Modernist Critique: Extrapolations from Bakhtin's Author and Hero in Aesthetic Activity

Slavic Review ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya Kliger
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
Modernist Literature ◽  
The Status ◽  
Longue Duree ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Longue Durée ◽  
Modernist Discourse

Ilya Kliger addresses the question of Mikhail Bakhtin's intervention in modernist discourse by taking a step back from Bakhtin's views on modernist literature and outlining instead a more general Bakhtinian conception of the modernist condition as characterized by what Kliger calls “a crisis of authorship.” The article focuses on Bakhtin's early work in narratological aesthetics and situates it within the longue durée context of debates about the status of the subject of aesthetic experience and, more generally, of knowledge, debates that can provisionally be seen as originating at the end of the eighteenth century and coming to a head within the intellectual and creative milieu of twentieth-century modernism. Early Bakhtin helps us formulate a specifically modernist—by contrast with what will be called “transcendental” and “realist“—critique, a critique not limited to the field of literary analysis alone but applying to all forms of thinking that either presuppose abstract subject-object division or rely on modes of synthetic reconciliation.

Roles for State-Level Local Health Liaison Officials in Local Public Health Surveillance and Capacity Building

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 41-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard J. Turnock ◽  
Arden S. Handler ◽  
William Hall ◽  
Steven Potsic ◽  
Judith Munson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Public Health Surveillance ◽  
State Level ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Local Public Health
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