Afterword

2020 ◽  
pp. 189-193
Author(s):  
Koichiro Kokubun
Keyword(s):  
Specific Circumstance

Deleuze placed his hopes on the contingency of the encounter, by which thinking is forcibly drawn out. In fact, there is something irreducibly paradoxical about the encounter understood as contingency. Instinctively, the word ‘necessity’ brings with it an inexorable sense of universality, whereas the word ‘contingency’ basks in particularity. For this reason, a philosophy which privileges contingency would seem in the same stroke to be one which values the singular above all. After all, each contingent encounter can only take place in a singular and particular circumstance. And yet, the very conception itself, according to which the contingent encounter is what calls forth thinking, is one which can be applied anytime anywhere, irrespective of the specific circumstance. Whether this conception is universally valid or not, at the very least it is one which possesses a general sphere of applicability. And to that extent, it can be said to be abstract....

Building Progressive Coalitions around Experience-Based Politics

2018 ◽  
pp. 100-120
Author(s):  
Keisha Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Coalition Building ◽  
Black Boys ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups ◽  
Specific Circumstance ◽  
Critical Understanding

This dialectic between experience and politics sheds important light on the possibility of building coalitions among disadvantaged groups. Such coalitions are possible when social groups use a normative-critical understanding of power to interrogate the assumptions and demands associated with their own and others’ experience-based claims. Doing this allows ABMS’ supporters to recognize that they, like their feminist critics, make emancipatory and oppressive experiential claims. They are consequently united by a conundrum - how to reap the benefits without succumbing to the limitations of their respective claims. The end of this chapter concretizes this vision of coalition building by detailing a specific circumstance - a roundtable on ABMS in which supporters and critics assess the risks and rewards of constructing black boys as intersectionally oppressed.

scholarly journals Radiotherapy-Mediated Immunomodulation and Anti-Tumor Abscopal Effect Combining Immune Checkpoint Blockade

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinrui Zhao ◽  
Chunlin Shao
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Tumor Regression ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Abscopal Effect ◽  
Specific Circumstance

Radiotherapy (RT) is a conventional method for clinical treatment of local tumors, which can induce tumor-specific immune response and cause the shrinkage of primary tumor and distal metastases via mediating tumor infiltration of CD8+ T cells. Ionizing radiation (IR) induced tumor regression outside the radiation field is termed as abscopal effect. However, due to the mobilization of immunosuppressive signals by IR, the activated CD8+T cells are not sufficient to maintain a long-term positive feedback to make the tumors regress completely. Eventually, the “hot” tumors gradually turn to “cold”. With the advent of emerging immunotherapy, the combination of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and local RT has produced welcome changes in stubborn metastases, especially anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 which have been approved in clinical cancer treatment. However, the detailed mechanism of the abscopal effect induced by combined therapy is still unclear. Therefore, how to formulate a therapeutic schedule to maximize the efficacy should be took into consideration according to specific circumstance. This paper reviewed the recent research progresses in immunomodulatory effects of local radiotherapy on the tumor microenvironment, as well as the unique advantage for abscopal effect when combined with ICB, with a view to exploring the potential application value of radioimmunotherapy in clinic.

scholarly journals Short information units

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 03-35
Author(s):  
Tommaso Raso ◽  
Saulo Santos
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Lexical Item ◽  
Phonological Word ◽  
Information Unit ◽  
Specific Circumstance ◽  
Linguistic Functions ◽  
Prosodic Boundary ◽  
Intonation Unit

Our main goal is to show that short information units (one phonological word immediately preceded and followed by a prosodic boundary, at least one of which with non-terminal value) can be classified only on the basis of their formal prosodic characteristics. That is to say that lexicon and syntax may vary with respect to the informational function, while what formally marks the informational function is the regularity of the prosodic profile of the lexical item. We also maintain that an information unit corresponds to an intonation unit (except in one specific circumstance). We use just one lexeme for the analysis, the Brazilian Portuguese ASSIM, and extract all the occurrences where this lexeme is found in a dedicated prosodic unit in the C-ORAL-BRASIL corpus. According to our analysis, this lexeme can fulfill at least five different information units, i.e. it can fulfill at least five different linguistic functions, recognizable by their prosodic regularities.

scholarly journals The emerging possibility of the use of geniposide in the treatment of cerebral diseases: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenwen Zhang ◽  
Fangling Zhang ◽  
Qichao Hu ◽  
Xiaolin Xiao ◽  
Linbo Ou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebral Ischaemia ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Specific Circumstance ◽  
Gardenia Jasminoides ◽  
Cerebral Diseases

AbstractWith the advanced discoveries in the field of pathogenesis, a series of cerebral diseases, such as cerebral ischaemia, Alzheimer's disease, and depression, have been found to have multiple signalling targets in the microenvironment. Only a few existing agents have been shown to have curative effects due to this specific circumstance. In recent decades, active ingredients isolated from natural plants have been shown to be crucial for original drug development. Geniposide, mainly extracted from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, is representative of these natural products. Geniposide demonstrates various biological activities in the treatment of cerebral, cardiovascular, hepatic, tumorous, and other diseases. The multiple protective effects of geniposide on the brain have especially drawn increasing attention. Thus, this article specifically reviews the characteristics of current models of cerebral ischaemia and illustrates the possible effects of geniposide and its pathogenetic mechanisms on these models. Geniposide has been shown to significantly reduce the area of cerebral infarction and alleviate neuronal damage and necrosis mainly by inhibiting inflammatory signals, including NLRP3, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Neuronal protection was also involved in activating the PI3K/Akt and Wnt/catenin pathways. Geniposide was able to increase autophagy and inhibit apoptosis by regulating the function of mTOR in treating Alzheimer's disease. Geniposide has also been shown to act as a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist to reduce amyloid plaques and inhibit oxidative stress to alleviate memory impairment as well as synaptic loss. Moreover, geniposide has been shown to exert antidepressant effects primarily by regulating the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. Detailed explorations have shown that the biological activities of inhibiting inflammatory cytokine secretion, alleviating oxidative stress, and suppressing mitochondrial damage are also involved in the mechanism of action of geniposide. Therefore, geniposide is a promising agent awaiting further exploration for the treatment of cerebral diseases via various phenotypes or signalling pathways.

scholarly journals usage and distribution of "so" in spontaneous Berlin Kiezdeutsch

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 43-61
Author(s):  
Stefanie Jannedy
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Specific Circumstance ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Youth Language

In this paper I investigate the usage of the adverb and particle 'so' in spontaneous speech (interviews) collected from 21 speakers of the urban multi-ethnolectal youth language Kiezdeutsch. Speakers from the neighborhoods Kreuzberg and Wedding in Berlin are ranging in age from 14 to 18. The 1454 tokens of so available in the corpus (about 5 hours of speech) were classified into 10 different categories; some were structurally defined while others were defined along dimensions of meaning. Our current results indicate that there are differential usages patterns depending on the speaker's gender and age for some of these categories. Further, it appears that some patterns that have been attributed grammatical meaning may not appear frequently enough to establish a separate meaningful grammatical category. Rather, most instances of this kind of use of so appear to have a hedging function, indicating speakers' non-commitance to a specific circumstance.  

scholarly journals THE DEFINING MOMENTS OF BUSINESS SUCCESS AMONG WOMEN MICRO-ENTREPRENEURS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-112
Author(s):  
Jonathan Gano-an
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Multiple Realities ◽  
Defining Moments ◽  
Specific Circumstance ◽  
Societal Norms ◽  
Hard Times ◽  
Definition Of Success ◽  
Definition Of

Empirical studies indicate that the unprecedented number of women who engaged in entrepreneurial endeavors is significantly increasing and their participation in entrepreneurship was fueled by their experiences, role at home, and societal norms. This paper defines the business success and illuminates its meaning from the perspective of women micro-entrepreneurs. A systematic literature review approach was employed in using pre-determined keywords. For the purpose of this study, these literatures are limited within the scope of women micro-entrepreneurship which are published in peer reviewed journals from 2001 to 2019. Findings of this literature review showed that women micro-entrepreneurs used subjective terms to define and interpret success instead of solely using quantitative criteria. From the selected readings, the definition of success has been refined and illuminated and expressed such in specific circumstance that translates to ‘moments of success’. Among the moments that define their success are autonomy, personal contentment, enjoyment, being able to control destiny, survival during hard times, and the skills developed. These moments further have afforded them to attain empowerment allowing them to gain status in the society. Philosophically, most of these researches are considered within post-positivist and constructivist worldviews and it is suggested that future studies, in view of multiple realities and innovative approach, a pragmatist view may be considered.

scholarly journals Tools for Sustainable Fashion Design: An Analysis of Their Fitness for Purpose

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 3581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kozlowski ◽  
Bardecki ◽  
Searcy
Keyword(s):  
Fashion Design ◽  
Fitness For Purpose ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Design Practices ◽  
Specific Circumstance ◽  
Five Dimensional Model ◽  
Sustainable Fashion ◽  
Fashion Designers

Understanding the complexity of sustainable fashion issues can be overwhelming and a barrier for fashion designers. A number of tools for sustainable fashion design have been developed to aid designers in the integration of sustainability into their design practices. We analyze these to determine their fitness for purpose. Among them, three categories (archetypes) of tools are identified: Universal, Participatory, and Assessment. We propose an innovation framework and a five-dimensional model of sustainability specific to fashion to facilitate the analysis of the tools. Using the archetype categorization may facilitate designers in identifying the most appropriate type of tool for a specific circumstance, depending on context and need.

Overseeing Operator Administration Quality Execution Structure On Layers Lodging Plan The Board

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (07) ◽  
pp. 208-211
Author(s):  
Bavani Sandig
Keyword(s):  
Private Property ◽  
Specific Circumstance ◽  
Media Communications

Issues relating to shortcomings of administration conveyance by Overseeing Operator in layers lodging plans increase a genuine and constant consideration by numerous gatherings. In this specific circumstance, the term Overseeing Operator alludes to the Joint Administration Body (JAB) and The executives Organization that can be found in a delineated private property. Among different issues that reliably being featured incorporate a few perspectives, for example, upkeep, objections on property harms, security and resident‟s government aides. Studies on Administration Quality had been led in many administrations ventures including banking, retails, media communications, land organization, nearby specialists and so forth. In any case, concentrates on administration quality execution of layers lodging plans are still under-explored. Accordingly, this exploration tries to examine the Administration Quality (SERVQUAL) execution conveyed by Overseeing Operator in layers lodging plans. The principle goal of the exploration study is to assess the resident‟s desire and observation towards the administration quality execution conveyed by the overseeing operators.

Research on Quick Detection for Benzene and Absorption Performance for its Absorber at Specific Circumstance

2011 ◽  
Vol 121-126 ◽  
pp. 2179-2184
Author(s):  
Gui Ling Liu ◽  
Xin Xia ◽  
Yun Fen Ye
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Benzene Vapor ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Specific Circumstance ◽  
Absorption Performance

In this paper a specific circumstance is designed, in which two types of detectors are used for concentration of benzene vapor and result shows that two instruments gives the similar rule; Furthermore, absorption performance of three absorbers for benzene is studied by gravimetric method, then influence of enviroment temperature and gas-flow rate on absorption performance of optimal absorber for benzene are investigated and results show that such influence is clear.

scholarly journals Impact of Floods on Livelihoods and Vulnerability of Natural Resource Dependent Communities in Northern Areas of Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
Nusrat Habib ◽  
Muhammad Zubair Anwar ◽  
Asim Zubair ◽  
Naimatullah Hashmi
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Social Condition ◽  
Specific Circumstance ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Informal Communities ◽  
Moderate Hazard ◽  
Business Security

Gilgit and Chitral are thought to be most powerless against atmosphere fluctuation including flooding. The recurrence and seriousness of surges in Northern regions in the course of the most recent decade has expanded extensively. Through subjective demonstrating the paper investigates the effect of surges on normal asset subordinate groups in Northern Areas in particular Gilgit and Chitral. The outcomes show that a few attributes of the socio-social condition seem to moderate hazard and diminish defenselessness. In this specific circumstance, the part of informal communities in improving business security is fundamental. The paper reasons that both if there should arise an occurrence of occasional varieties in horticultural yield and surges, people that have successfully expanded their jobs, both occupationally and geologically, are less delicate than people who predominantly accomplish privilege to sustenance by means of product development. In any case, the peoplegetting settlements were likewise in better condition to alleviate the surge related vulnerabilities in the zone.

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