UK Television Policy and Regulation, 2000–10

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Media Ownership ◽  
Communications Policy ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Digital Services ◽  
Broadcasting Regulation ◽  
Structural Regulation

Between 2000 and 2010, new institutional arrangements were created for UK broadcasting regulation, built upon a radical rethinking of communications policy. This article examines key changes arising from Labour's media policy, the Communications Act 2003 and the work of Ofcom. It argues that changes within broadcasting were less radical than the accompanying rhetoric, and that contradictory tendencies set limits to dominant trends of marketisation and liberalisation. The article explores these tendencies by reviewing the key broadcasting policy issues of the decade including policies on the BBC, commercial public service and commercial broadcasting, spectrum and digital switchover, and new digital services. It assesses changes in the structural regulation of media ownership, the shift towards behavioural competition regulation, and the regulation of media content and commercial communications. In doing so, it explores policy rationales and arguments, and examines tensions and contradictions in the promotion of marketisation, the discourses of market failure, political interventions, and the professionalisation of policy-making.

The Policies of Localism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Ali
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Local Television ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Commercial Markets ◽  
The Status ◽  
Structural Regulation ◽  
Key Terms

Chapters 2 through 5 house the case studies for the book. Each chapter is sub-divided by country to give the reader a detailed understanding of the dynamics at play. Chapter 2 assesses the structural regulation of local television by focusing on a key issue in the debate over local television. It thus considers the FCC’s quadrennial ownership reviews in the United States, the fee-for-carriage debate in Canada, and Ofcom’s reviews of public service broadcasting in the United Kingdom. This chapter also introduces two key terms: public good and market failure. The chapter demonstrates how the local is bound so tightly to commercial markets, broadcasting technologies and the status quo that alternatives views are effective erased.

scholarly journals How party platforms on immigration become policy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Tobias Böhmelt ◽  
Lawrence Ezrow
Keyword(s):  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Democratic Representation ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Party Platforms ◽  
Legislative Activity ◽  
Do So

Abstract We focus on one of the most salient policy issues of our time, immigration, and evaluate whether the salience of immigration in governing parties’ manifestos translates into actual legislative activity on immigration. We contend that democratic policymakers have genuine incentives to do so. Furthermore, we argue that the country context matters for pledge fulfillment, and we find that the migration salience of governing parties’ manifestos more strongly translates into policy activity when the level of immigration restrictions is higher and when countries’ economies perform well. This research has important implications for our understanding of the relationships between economic performance, democratic representation and immigration policy making.

Government Officials, Academics, and the Process of Formulating U.S. National Security Policy Toward Africa

1990 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-20
Author(s):  
Larry W. Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
National Security ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Phone Call ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
The Government ◽  
Research Contract ◽  
The U.S

Relationships between U.S. government officials and academic specialists working on national security and foreign policy issues with respect to Africa are many and complex. They can be as informal as a phone call or passing conversation or as formalized as a consulting arrangement or research contract. Many contacts exist and there is no doubt that many in both government and the academy value these ties. There have been, however, ongoing controversies about what settings and what topics are appropriate to the government/academic interchange. National security and foreign policy-making in the U.S. is an extremely diffuse process.

Oceans and Watersheds: Common Problems, Common Solutions

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Walker
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Marine Policy ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
Science And Policy ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Coastal Policy ◽  
Ocean Science

In its final report, An Ocean Blueprint for the 21st Century, the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy makes a strong case that addressing some of the most pressing coastal and marine policy issues will require developing fundamental information needed to allow policy decisions to be made within an ecosystem-based context. Establishing an effective ocean observing system is clearly one of the most important challenges and opportunities facing the ocean science and policy community. Progress is being made in hardware development, including sensor and platform designs and construction, as well as in data exchange and management, suggesting that a truly useful system for understanding and predicting ocean conditions is technically feasible, if given adequate resources, and lies in the near future.The Commission also points out that actions taking place on land have profound influence on coastal environmental quality. This conclusion has significant implications for the development of information intended to support policy making, especially with regard to two of the most widely recognized coastal policy problems, nutrient pollution and land loss. This article briefly reviews a series of coastal and watershed policy challenges endemic to a specific watershed and coastal region (i.e., the Mississippi River Basin and the northern Gulf of Mexico) to point out: i) that the interrelationship of many watershed and coastal issues is significant, ii) that efforts to acquire adequate information to support effective marine policy decisions can benefit from similar efforts taking place in watersheds, iii) that steps should be taken to ensure that decision makers shaping marine and coastal policy have access to appropriate watershed information, and finally, iv) that in many instances, policy making must dovetail efforts to address watershed and coastal policy issues, in order to increase the likelihood of success.

Reflection on A Future for Public Service Television

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Political Support ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Public Service Broadcasting

This chapter argues that public service broadcasting (PSB) will become more important to British audiences over the next decade despite the fact that political support for PSB is weaker today than at any time in its history. For decades, regulators developed policies in the belief that PSB would become steadily less justified as technology and deregulation opened up new commercial content for British audiences. If PSB had any continued relevance, it would be in meeting market failure ‘gaps’, i.e. the continued provision of genres which are not attractive to audiences such as arts programmes and religious output. However, this assumption is false. While digital technology has increased the range of content available to consumers, it is also undermining the economics of commercial content providers. Market failure in the provision of high quality British content is more likely to increase than decrease over the next ten years.

Devolution and Communications Policy in Scotland

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Schlesinger
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Political Class ◽  
Communications Policy ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Public Service Broadcasting ◽  
Scottish Parliament ◽  
The Media ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Media Concentration

This chapter illustrates how ‘most of the Holyrood political class has been reluctant to explore the boundaries between the devolved and the reserved’, even on less life-and-death issues such as broadcasting. Conversely, it also tells of at least one post-devolution success story for classic informal pre-devolution-style ‘Scottish lobbying’ in Westminster. Scotland is presently one of the UK's leading audiovisual production centres, with Glasgow as the linchpin. The capacity of the Scottish Parliament to debate questions of media concentration but also its incapacity to act legislatively has been observed. There are both political and economic calculations behind the refusal to devolve powers over the media via the Communications Act 2003. Ofcom now has a key role in policing the terms of trade for regional production that falls within a public service broadcaster's target across the UK. The BBC's position as the principal vehicle of public service broadcasting has come increasingly under question. The Gaelic Media Service set up under the Communications Act 2003 has a line of responsibility to Ofcom in London. Scottish Advisory Committee on Telecommunications (SACOT) determined four key regulatory issues needing future attention by Ofcom.

Democratic Potentials of UN Climate Change Conference Host Government Websites

2016 ◽  
pp. 1544-1570
Author(s):  
Catherine Candano
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Global Policy ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Government Websites ◽  
Host Government

E-government discourse implicates state-produced Websites to enable opportunities and citizen spaces on policy issues, subject to demands to be inclusive, engaging, and free from commercial interests. Policy-making for a global issue like climate change takes place at the inter-governmental United Nations Climate Change Conference (UNCCC). It becomes critical to examine if and how the governments hosting this restrictive global policy-making space may engage citizens through their online presence—host country conference outreach Websites. The chapter explores relational underpinnings between states and citizens in such Websites by examining the values privileged by designers using mixed methods. Among UNCCC Websites from 2007 to 2009, the Danish government Website's enhanced features may have contributed to potential inclusivity for the inter-governmental process online compared to previous government's efforts. However, findings have shown such interactive Website's inherent design aspects may potentially shape the manner that climate conversations are limited in an assumed democratized space online.

Digitalization in Cinema in Turkey

2019 ◽  
pp. 226-247
Author(s):  
Deniz Özalpman ◽  
Sibel Kaba
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Topical Issue ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Communications Policy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cultural Policies ◽  
Developing Society

The chapter deals with the topical issue of cultural policies through digitalization in cinema in Turkey, discussing the appropriate frameworks that need to be put in force. In a rapidly developing society like Turkey, the problems of digitalization in cinema vis-à-vis neoliberal regulation are being debated. Three crucial areas for a digital cultural policy in cinema are identified, namely expanding public service mindset on new services and national digital platforms, creating a communications policy framework of the different parties involved as government, parliament, regulatory authorities, the public service media, and the designated third parties as civil society and market representatives, and stimulating debate to follow an anti-monopolistic progression in (digitalized) cinema.

A Computational Agent Model of Flood Management Strategies

2012 ◽  
pp. 522-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Brouwers ◽  
Magnus Boman
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Agent Model ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Robust Decisions ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Stakeholder Communication

A geographically explicit flood simulation model was designed and implemented as a tool for policy making support, illustrated here with two simple flood management strategies pertaining to the Upper Tisza area in Hungary. The model integrates aspects of the geographical, hydrological, economical, land use, and social context. The perspectives of different stakeholders are represented as agents that make decisions on whether or not to buy flood insurance. The authors demonstrate that agent-based models can be important for policy issues in general, and for sustainable development policy issues in particular, by aiding stakeholder communication and learning, thereby increasing the chances of reaching robust decisions. The agent-based approach enables the highlighting and communication of distributional effects of policy changes at the micro-level, as illustrated by several graphical representations of outputs from the model.

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