scholarly journals Valor agregado en el valor bruto de las exportaciones: una mejor métrica para comprender los flujos comerciales entre Estados Unidos y México

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Noé Arón Fuentes Flores ◽  
Alejandro Brugués Rodríguez ◽  
Gabriel González König
Keyword(s):  
Trade Balance ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Trade Surplus ◽  
Domestic Activity ◽  
Multiplier Effect ◽  
Bilateral Exports ◽  
The U.S

NAFTA has been consistent with a trade surplus for Mexico over the U.S. according to traditional international trade statistics. However, using a bilateral input-output table that allows calculating each country’s value-added in exports, the trade balance between these two partners is modified. The flow of value-added in gross exports from Mexico to the U.S. reaches 164.4 billion dollars while the same from the U.S. to Mexico is 188.7 billion. The disaggregation of value-added highlights an important difference between domestic and foreign components incorporated in exports, because while for the U.S. the foreign value added in its exports reaches 2.5 billion, in the case of Mexico this concept is 50.2 billion. It is more than 20 times the U.S. figure. A directly derived conclusion from this is that during NAFTA an important part of the income from Mexican exports was used to remunerate productive factors used in the U.S. via imports. Another is that any modification of the NAFTA (related to a foreign content increase) will imply for Mexico a lower net income of foreign currency for each dollar exported. Consequently, foreign trade will have a smaller multiplier effect on Mexican domestic activity, given the bilateral exports boost will leak indirectly to the U.S.

Brazil's trade surplus rises amid economic crisis

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
Trade Surplus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Relative Gains ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Better Than

Subject The improving trade balance. Significance At the close of September, Brazil recorded a better-than-expected trade surplus of some 2.9 billion dollars. This result is the best for the month since 2011, and reflects exports of 16.1 billion and imports of 13.2 billion. Brazil's trade surplus from January-September topped 10.2 billion dollars, the highest for the period since 2012 and a sharp contrast with the 742 million dollar deficit recorded in the year-earlier period. Impacts Exports may help boost the economy at a time when domestic demand is contracting due to the recession and falling income. The sharp fall in the real favours exporters, but also increases the burden of those with substantial foreign currency debts. The positive effect of depreciation may be insignificant if its impact on inflation undercuts competitiveness gains. Other major emerging economies, too, have seen significant depreciations, undermining relative gains in Brazil's competitiveness.

China trade may bring new investment in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Trade Surplus ◽  
Domestic Activity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
China Trade

Subject The evolution of Brazil-China economic relations. Significance China has been Brazil’s largest export partner since 2009. Brazil’s trade surplus with China reached 11.8 billion dollars in 2016 and 18.2 billion in the first nine months of 2017, largely based on exports of primary commodities. In addition to trade, China’s investment interests in the Brazilian economy are rapidly growing, in particular in sectors such as energy, infrastructure and natural resources. Impacts Bilateral trade would benefit from agreements that encompass higher value-added creation in both economies. Chinese investments in Brazil may represent a source of funding without increasing domestic activity in the short term. Closer Brazil-China relations will help to consolidate China’s presence in Latin America. An up-to-date regulatory framework for investments in Brazil will be crucial to make relations work for both countries.

Food and Water Security in West Asia

2018 ◽  
pp. 512-529
Author(s):  
Eckart Woertz
Keyword(s):  
Role Model ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Trade Surplus ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Water Scarce ◽  
Policy Solutions

West Asia is one of the most water-scarce regions of the world and one of its foremost importers of virtual water despite sustained efforts at self-sufficiency, especially in cereal production. Technology-oriented policy solutions eye a reorientation of agriculture towards fruit and vegetables that are less water-intensive than cereals and provide more value added per water unit consumed. Turkey is a role model here; the country has an agricultural trade surplus and ranks among the top ten agricultural economies globally in value terms. Yet technology-oriented policy prescriptions overlook the sociopolitical ‘problemsheds’ that emerge (along with new agro-lobbies) and agriculture as the main water consumer has to compete with other economic sectors and sprawling urbanization. This article looks at the different categories of countries and their specific challenges.

scholarly journals KOMPARASI KINERJA KEUANGAN PERBANKAN SYARIAH BERBASIS PENDEKATAN LABA RUGI DAN NILAI TAMBAH

IKONOMIKA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Yulianti Saifudin ◽  
Yayan Pribadi
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Financial Ratios ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Financial Ratio ◽  
Islamic Bank ◽  
Income Statement ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Productive Assets

Abstract-The objectives of this study are to analyze the differences in financial performance of Islamic bank by using the income statement approach and value added approach on financial ratios. Financial ratios used consisted of ROA, ROE, the ratio between the total net income by total earning assets, NPM, and  BOPO. The Object used in this study are listed Islamic Bank at Bank Indonesia. Population of this research are the financial statements of Islamic Banks, while the sample used was the financial statements for 2010-2014 for each income statement and the value added statement.  Analysis tool used to prove the hypothesis of this study is an independent sample t-test.The results showed that the average financial ratio (ROA, ROE, net profit ratio of productive assets, and NPM) there are significant differences between the Income Statement and Value Added Statement, while the BOPO ratio between the Income Statement and the Value Added Statement there is not a difference. 

scholarly journals OIL AND NATURAL GAS TRADE BALANCE AND PRODUCTION EFFECTS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND BLACK SEA ECONOMIC COOPERATION COUNTRIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3 (2017)) ◽  
pp. 261-283
Author(s):  
Evangelos Siskos ◽  
Konstantia Darvidou
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Most European Union and Black Sea Economic Cooperation countries are net importers of petroleum and natural gas. Searching for new deposits and construction of new pipelines can improve energy security in the region. The problem is topical for Greece which has a developed refinery industry and needs to improve its trade balance to repay the accumulated external and public debt. Several new pipeline initiatives through Greece can support relations between the EU and BSEC countries. The paper provides previous research review about energy dependency and the effects of trade, production and transportation of hydrocarbons. Next we provide analysis of the effect of the trade on balance of payments in both the EU and BSeC countries. Import dependency of GDP on oil and natural gas is especially large in Malta, Georgia, Ukraine, Serbia and Latvia. On the other hand Russia and Azerbaijan are large net exporters of hydrocarbons. Then we analyse the impact of mining on labour market and refinery industry development. On average larger value added in mining leads to larger employment at least for males and middle age group of people. But the effect largely varies across countries and time periods. Together with construction of new pipelines growth of extraction can result in dozens of thousands of new jobs in Greece. There is a close link between value added in mining and compensation of employees in that industry. We have found evidence that the clustering effect between mining and manufacture of refined petroleum products and coke exists only in some EU countries.

scholarly journals The Value of a Firm: Asymmetric Information in Economic Value Added Measurement

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-67
Author(s):  
V.O. Fedorovich ◽  
T.V. Fedorovich
Keyword(s):  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Economic Value Added ◽  
Corporate Value ◽  
Reliable Measure ◽  
Strategic Performance ◽  
Market Values ◽  
Ultimate Objective

Subject. The value of a firm is an unbiased and reliable measure of operations and strategic performance of an enterprise. Objectives. The study analyzes a combination of approaches based on the book and market values as part of the information asymmetry theory, which points out the comprehensive integrated indicator, such as a firm's value as an unbiased and the most understandable metric for stakeholders, shareholders, would-be investors and managers. Methods. The study is based on methods of induction, deduction and general cognition, methods of logic, statistical and correlation analyses. Results. It is advisable to reduce the information asymmetry for principals and agents by updating the Economic Value Added (EVA) and derivative indicators, such as CFROI, CVA, RCF and EM, which are integrated into consolidated income, earnings before taxes and structure of capital owned by subsidiaries and associates and share of capital invested in the development of property portfolios of corporations. Subsidiaries and associates contribute to the consolidated net income, being financially accountable for the capital involved. Conclusions and Relevance. To forecast the value of a firm, economic-mathematical modeling is advisable, since it will ensure an unbiased evaluation of the firm’s position within a three to five year time horizon and help to reduce the information asymmetry, which requires special tools to substantiate the increment in EVA and corporate capitalization. The ultimate objective of research provides for an unbiased integrated value, such as corporate value of a business, which decreases the information asymmetry for principals and agents.

scholarly journals Analisis Input Output Sektor Pertanian di Indonesia

Agro Ekonomi ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Hani Perwitasari ◽  
Irham Irham ◽  
Jamhari Jamhari
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Producer Price ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
Multiplier Effect ◽  
Forward Linkage ◽  
Multiplier Effects ◽  
Employment Sectors

The purpose of this research are (1) to identify changes in the structure of Indonesia’s economi, (2) to identifty backward linkage and forward linkage between agriculture sector eith other sctors in economic structure of Indonesia, (3) to know the multiplier effect of output, income, employment and grows value added of agriculture sector. The research analyzed Input-Output data, the domestic transaction based on producer price, that in classified 66 sectors published by the Cnetral Statistics Agency (BPS) uidng Input-Output Analysis.These result indicate that ini 1975 until 2008 the structure of Indonesia’s economy has changed towards industrialization. Backward linkage and forward linkage between the agriculture sectora are under the average backward linkage and the forward linkage of economy all sector in Indonesia. Multiplier effect to output, income, employment in the agricultural sector are the average of output multiplier effect income, employment sectors of the economy throughout Indonesia but the gross value added in above-average gross value added multiplier effects throught the economy of Indonesia. 

scholarly journals The Fall of the Labor Share and the Rise of Superstar Firms*

2020 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 645-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Autor ◽  
David Dorn ◽  
Lawrence F Katz ◽  
Christina Patterson ◽  
John Van Reenen
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
Market Concentration ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Labor Share ◽  
Economic Census ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Labor's Share ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Number Of Firms

Abstract The fall of labor’s share of GDP in the United States and many other countries in recent decades is well documented but its causes remain uncertain. Existing empirical assessments typically rely on industry or macro data, obscuring heterogeneity among firms. In this article, we analyze micro panel data from the U.S. Economic Census since 1982 and document empirical patterns to assess a new interpretation of the fall in the labor share based on the rise of “superstar firms.” If globalization or technological changes push sales toward the most productive firms in each industry, product market concentration will rise as industries become increasingly dominated by superstar firms, which have high markups and a low labor share of value added. We empirically assess seven predictions of this hypothesis: (i) industry sales will increasingly concentrate in a small number of firms; (ii) industries where concentration rises most will have the largest declines in the labor share; (iii) the fall in the labor share will be driven largely by reallocation rather than a fall in the unweighted mean labor share across all firms; (iv) the between-firm reallocation component of the fall in the labor share will be greatest in the sectors with the largest increases in market concentration; (v) the industries that are becoming more concentrated will exhibit faster growth of productivity; (vi) the aggregate markup will rise more than the typical firm’s markup; and (vii) these patterns should be observed not only in U.S. firms but also internationally. We find support for all of these predictions.

scholarly journals Income-contingent repayment scheme for non-performing mortgage loans in Hungary

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (s1) ◽  
pp. 123-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edina Berlinger ◽  
György Walter
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Risk ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Value Added ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Mortgage Loans ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Entire Economy ◽  
Recent Policy

At the end of 2014, more than 23% of the foreign currency denominated mortgage portfolio in Hungary was overdue; about 20% was classified as non-performing and the tendency is worsening. In this paper, we propose a solution to effectively reduce the credit and systemic risk inherent to this portfolio – the proposed model can be applied to other mortgage portfolios in trouble as well. The main element of our proposal is income-contingent repayment complemented with effective incentives to motivate debtors to repay their debt. We demonstrate that the proposed scheme is attractive for both the debtors and the lenders; therefore, contrary to some recent policy measures, in this case there is no need for direct state intervention to force modifications to the existing legal contracts. In order to evaluate the possible effects, we simulated a realistic population of borrowers with different age, debt, loan-to-value, and income. Then we calculated the expected income paths, the repayments of the borrowers as well as the profit of the lenders on the basis of the non-performing FX mortgage portfolio. The results underpin that the proposed scheme creates significant value added and, most importantly, that it can effectively reduce the vulnerability of the entire economy to future shocks.

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