Diniz, Debora. Zika: From the Brazilian Backlands to Global Threat. Trans. Diane Grosklaus Whitty. London: Zed Books Ltd., 2017. 176 pp. Notes. Bibliography.

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. E13-E15
Author(s):  
Amy Krauss
Keyword(s):  
Global Threat

New challenges to the economic security of Russia and the world and counteraction methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1246-1263
Author(s):  
S.B. Zainullin ◽  
O.A. Zainullina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The World ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Global Threat

Subject. The 2020 economic crisis has become a global threat to the economic security of States, corporations and households. The elimination of this threat to economic security is a key priority of the State. Objectives. The article is dedicated to factors of the current crisis, both individually and in aggregate, as well as forecasts of the economic development during the crisis. Methods. The study is based on the scientific knowledge as dialectic, a combination of historical and logical unity, structural analysis, traditional methods of economic analysis and synthesis. Results. We carried out the comparative analysis of crisis theories, forecasted the economic development of the IMF, the World Bank, the Audit Chamber, and considered analytical agencies in dynamics, taking into account adjustments when the crisis manifests itself. Counteraction methods are reviewed from theoretical and practical perspectives. The article also analyzed the international expertise in crisis management. Conclusions and Relevance. The economic crisis was found to be at its initial stage, with negative scenarios being more probable. Proposed and implemented, local measures can mitigate the economic decline, prevent massive bankruptcies and a social explosion. Meanwhile, measures to restructure the economic policy may contribute to overcoming the crisis. The findings can be used by federal government bodies to adjust economic policies, develop programs and strategies for the socio-economic development of regions, and economic security strategies for corporations.

THREAT ASSESSMENT OF THE DEPLETION OF TRADITIONAL FUEL-ENERGY RESOURCES

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Tymchenko ◽  
◽  
Nataliia Fialko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Threat Assessment ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Global Threat

The issues of the global threat seeing depletion of the main types of traditional fossil energy resources were analyzed. The data is given on the proven world reserves of these energy resources and the timing of their depletion. The theory of M.K. Hubbert on the depletion of mineral deposits is considered. The application of the theory to assess the reserves of fossil energy resources in different countries is analyzed.

Permeability Through Bacterial Porins Dictates Whole Cell Compound Accumulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Acosta Gutiérrez ◽  
Igor Bodrenko ◽  
Matteo Ceccarelli
Keyword(s):  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Scoring Function ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Prediction Ability ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Virtual Libraries ◽  
Major Bottleneck ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
Bacterial Porins

The lack of new drugs for Gram-negative pathogens is a global threat to modern medicine. The complexity of their cell envelope, with an additional outer membrane, hinders internal accumulation and thus, the access of molecules to targets. Our limited understanding of the molecular basis for compound influx and efflux from these pathogens is a major bottleneck for the discovery of effective antibacterial compounds. Here we analyse the correlation between the whole-cell compound accumulation of ~200 molecules and their predicted porin permeability coefficient (influx), using a recently developed scoring function. We found a strong linear relationship (75%) between the two, confirming porins key role in compound penetration. Further, the remarkable prediction ability of the scoring function demonstrates its potentiality to guide the optimization of hits to leads as well as the possibility of screening ultra-large virtual libraries. Eventually, the analysis of false positives, molecules with high-predicted influx but low accumulation, provides new hints on the molecular properties behind efflux.<br>

Molecular Docking Approaches to Suggest the Anti-Mycobacterial Targets of Natural Products

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Baptista ◽  
Sumana Bhowmick ◽  
Shen Jianying ◽  
Luis Mur
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Drug Lead ◽  
Bisbenzylisoquinoline Alkaloids ◽  
Docking Approach ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
Physicochemical And Structural Properties

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global threat mostly due to the development of antibiotic resistant forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causal agent of the disease. Driven by the pressing need for new anti-mycobacterial agents, several natural products (NPs) have been shown to have in vitro activities against M. tuberculosis. The utility of any NP as a drug lead is augmented when the anti-mycobacterial target(s) is unknown. To suggest these, we used a molecular docking approach to predict the interactions of 53 selected anti-mycobacterial NPs against known ‘druggable’ mycobacterial targets ClpP1P2, DprE1, InhA, KasA, PanK, PknB and Pks13. The docking scores / binding free energies were predicted and calculated using AutoDock Vina along with physicochemical and structural properties of the NPs, using PaDEL descriptors. These were compared to the established inhibitor (control) drugs for each mycobacterial target. The specific interactions of the bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids 2-nortiliacorinine, tiliacorine and 13’-bromotiliacorinine against the targets PknB and DprE1 (-11.4, -10.9 and -9.8 kcal.mol-1 ; -12.7, -10.9 and -10.3 kcal.mol-1 , respectively) and the lignan αcubebin and Pks13 (-11.0 kcal.mol-1 ) had significantly superior docking scores compared to controls. Our approach can be used to suggest predicted targets for the NP to be validated experimentally but these in silico steps are likely to facilitate drug optimisation.

How athletes coped with COVID-19 restrictions: differences between Switzerland and Italy

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Coping Resources ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Aggressive Action ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
Sport Facilities

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is a global crisis of unprecedented scale in modern times. The initial outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan spread rapidly, affecting other parts of China and soon other countries becoming a global threat. [1] On 11 March 2020, the WHO has declared the ‘Pandemic state’ calling the governments to take ‘urgent and aggressive action’ to delay and mitigate the peak of infection. To respond to COVID-19 public health experts and government officials are taking several measures, including social distancing, self-isolation, or quarantine; strengthening health facilities to control the disease; and asking people to work at home. To safeguard the health of athletes and others involved all forms of organized sport have been either cancelled or postponed. These range from mass participation events such as marathon races to football league and even to the Olympics and Paralympics that for the first time in the history of the modern games, have been postponed, and will be held in 2021. All sport in Italy had been suspended from early March and from April the lockdown measures had been extended to the training session for professional and non-professional athletes within all sport facilities. Unlike Italy, the Swiss government has not imposed a general curfew so athletes continued to train outdoor although training in a group was forbidden. [2,3] Some athletes in this situation will be able to build on existing coping resources while others athletes may experience psychological symptoms including fear of being infected, anxiety of physical recovery if infected, disturbed sleep, eating disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and family conflicts.

Recent Review on Subclass B1 Metallo-β-lactamases Inhibitors: Sword for Antimicrobial Resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 756-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditi Kaushik ◽  
Manish Kaushik ◽  
Viney Lather ◽  
J.S. Dua
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
Powerful Strategy

An emerging crisis of antibiotic resistance for microbial pathogens is alarming all the nations, posing a global threat to human health. The production of the metallo-&#946;-lactamase enzyme is the most powerful strategy of bacteria to produce resistance. An efficient way to combat this global health threat is the development of broad/non-specific type of metallo-&#946;-lactamase inhibitors, which can inhibit the different isoforms of the enzyme. Till date, there are no clinically active drugs against metallo- &#946;-lactamase. The lack of efficient drug molecules against MBLs carrying bacteria requires continuous research efforts to overcome the problem of multidrug-resistance bacteria. The present review will discuss the clinically potent molecules against different variants of B1 metallo-&#946;-lactamase.

Small Molecules Effective Against Liver and Blood Stage Malarial Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 2008-2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snigdha Singh ◽  
Neha Sharma ◽  
Charu Upadhyay ◽  
Sumit Kumar ◽  
Brijesh Rathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Blood Stage ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Liver Stage ◽  
Malarial Infection ◽  
Dual Stage ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Global Threat

Malaria is a lethal disease causing devastating global impact by killing more than 8,00,000 individuals yearly. A noticeable decline in malaria related deaths can be attributed to the most reliable treatment, ACTs against P. falciparum. However, the cumulative resistance of the malaria parasite against ACTs is a global threat to control the disease and, therefore the new effective therapeutics are urgently needed, including new treatment approaches. Majority of the antimalarial drugs target BS malarial infection. Currently, scientists are eager to explore the drugs with potency against not only BS but other life stages such as sexual and asexual stages of the malaria parasite. Liver Stage is considered as one of the important drug targets as it always leads to BS and the infection can be cured at this stage before it enters into the Blood Stage. However, a limited number of compounds are reported effective against LS malaria infection probably due to scarcity of in vitro LS culture methods and clinical possibilities. This mini review covers a range of chemical compounds showing efficacy against BS and LS of the malaria parasite’s life cycle collectively (i.e. dual stage activity). These scaffolds targeting dual stages are essential for the eradication of malaria and to evade resistance.

Prognosticating the spread of covid-19 pandemic based on optimal arima estimators

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venuka Sandhir ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Vikash Kumar
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Stable Case ◽  
Johns Hopkins University ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
Auto Regressive ◽  
Global Threat

Background: COVID-19 cases have been reported as a global threat and several studies are being conducted using various modelling techniques to evaluate patterns of disease dispersion in the upcoming weeks. Here we propose a simple statistical model that could be used to predict the epidemiological extent of community spread of COVID-19from the explicit data based on optimal ARIMA model estimators. Methods: Raw data was retrieved on confirmed cases of COVID-19 from Johns Hopkins University (https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19) and Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was fitted based on cumulative daily figures of confirmed cases aggregated globally for ten major countries to predict their incidence trend. Statistical analysis was completed by using R 3.5.3 software. Results: The optimal ARIMA model having the lowest Akaike information criterion (AIC) value for US (0,2,0); Spain (1,2,0); France (0,2,1); Germany (3,2,2); Iran (1,2,1); China (0,2,1); Russia (3,2,1); India (2,2,2); Australia (1,2,0) and South Africa (0,2,2) imparted the nowcasting of trends for the upcoming weeks. These parameters are (p, d, q) where p refers to number of autoregressive terms, d refers to number of times the series has to be differenced before it becomes stationary, and q refers to number of moving average terms. Results obtained from ARIMA model showed significant decrease cases in Australia; stable case for China and rising cases has been observed in other countries. Conclusion: This study tried their best at predicting the possible proliferate of COVID-19, although spreading significantly depends upon the various control and measurement policy taken by each country.

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