scholarly journals SYNCHRONOUS AND METACHRONOUS TUMORS – A LITERATURE REVIEW

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Nicoleta Aurelia Sanda ◽  
Roxana Ristea ◽  
Ștefan Neagu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multiple Tumors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Index Tumor ◽  
Metachronous Tumors ◽  
Over Time

This paper aims to present the results of extensive studies on synchronous and metachronous tumors, both in order to optimize the surgical treatment of these, but also to concretize some suitable and useful screening measures for their early detection. The prognosis of cancer patients has improved over time. On the other hand, investigative methods have advanced considerably so that today are discovered tumors that could have gone unnoticed in the past. These data show why there are currently more cases of multiple cancers and their rate is steadily rising. The review will consider several studies focused on multiple tumors in terms of their localizations, manifestations, and risk factors. The first primary tumor found in a patient is called the index tumor, and the following tumors can be considered synchronous if they occurred in less than 6 months and metachronous if they occurred more than 6 months. Also, for the tumors of group IA, a variable of 4 centimeters was imposed13. Thus multiple tumors of the same tissue / organ (multicenter type A) are considered, tumors that are located at 4 cm or more of the index tumor, are histopathologically confirmed as malignant and are not metastasis or relapses of the first tumor.

scholarly journals Deep Vein Thrombosis after Lithium Toxicity: A Report of Two Cases and Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Rintaro Sogawa ◽  
Shuko Tobita ◽  
Akira Monji ◽  
Toru Murakawa-Hirachi ◽  
Yoshito Mizoguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lithium Toxicity ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
D Dimer

Lithium administration can reportedly cause toxicity, including lithium-associated thrombosis; however, not all reported cases of this adverse effect have been attributable to lithium overdoses. We report here two cases of deep vein thrombosis that occurred in association with lithium toxicity. Lithium overdose was deemed to be the cause in only one of these cases; a patient in whom deep vein thrombosis occurred 11 days after identification of lithium toxicity. In the other patient, the deep vein thrombosis occurred 15 days after diagnosis of lithium toxicity; this patient was not considered to have been overdosed. Both patients had other risk factors in addition to receiving lithium. We recommend monitoring D-dimer concentrations to facilitate early detection of deep vein thrombosis in patients with lithium toxicity.

Diverging trends in US male-female condom use by STI risk factors: a nationally representative study

2020 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2020-054642
Author(s):  
Casey E Copen ◽  
Patricia J Dittus ◽  
Jami S Leichliter ◽  
Sagar Kumar ◽  
Sevgi O Aral
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Female Condom ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Sex Partner

ObjectiveCondom use behaviours are proximal to recent STI increases in the USA, yet it remains unclear whether the use of condoms has changed over time among unmarried, non-cohabiting young men who have sex with women (MSW) and how this variability is influenced by STI risk factors.MethodsTo examine condom use over time among MSW aged 15–29, we used three cross-sectional surveys from the 2002, 2006–2010 and 2011–2017 National Survey of Family Growth. We estimated weighted percentages, adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to assess changes in condom use, stratified by whether MSW reported any STI risk factors in the past 12 months (ie, perceived partner non-monogamy, male-to-male sex, sex in exchange for money or drugs, sex partner who injects illicit drugs, or an HIV-positive sex partner).ResultsWe observed a divergence in trends in condom use at last sex between men aged 15 –29 with STI risk factors in the past 12 months and those without such history. We saw significant declines in condom use from 2002 to 2011–2017 among men with STI risk factors (APR=0.80, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.95), specifically among those aged 15–19 (APR=0.73, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.94) or non-Hispanic white (APR=0.71, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.93). In contrast, trends in condom use among men with no STI factors remained stable or increased. Across all time periods, the most prevalent STI risk factor reported was perception of a non-monogamous female partner (23.0%–26.9%). Post-hoc analyses examined whether condom use trends changed once this variable was removed from analyses, but no different patterns were observed.ConclusionsWhile STIs have been increasing, men aged 15–29 with STI risk factors reported a decline in condom use. Rising STI rates may be sensitive to behavioural shifts in condom use among young MSW with STI risk factors.

scholarly journals Anti-Memorials and the Art of Forgetting: Critical Reflections on a Memorial Design Practice

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
SueAnne Ware
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complex Spectrum ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Design Work ◽  
The Past ◽  
Heroin Overdose ◽  
The Future ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Andreas Huyssen writes, ‘Remembrance as a vital human activity shapes our links to the past, and the ways we remember define us in the present. As individuals and societies, we need the past to construct and to anchor our identities and to nurture a vision of the future.’ Memory is continually affected by a complex spectrum of states such as forgetting, denial, repression, trauma, recounting and reconsidering, stimulated by equally complex changes in context and changes over time. The apprehension and reflective comprehension of landscape is similarly beset by such complexities. Just as the nature and qualities of memory comprise inherently fading, shifting and fleeting impressions of things which are themselves ever-changing, an understanding of a landscape, as well as the landscape itself, is a constantly evolving, emerging response to both immense and intimate influences. There is an incongruity between the inherent changeability of both landscapes and memories, and the conventional, formal strategies of commemoration that typify the constructed landscape memorial. The design work presented in this paper brings together such explorations of memory and landscape by examining the ‘memorial’. This article examines two projects. One concerns the fate of illegal refugees travelling to Australia: The SIEVX Memorial Project. The other, An Anti-Memorial to Heroin Overdose Victims, was designed by the author as part of the 2001 Melbourne Festival.

scholarly journals Focusing on and Backgrounding Events Simultaneously: The Past–Present–Future Relationship of the Great East Japan Earthquake

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-110
Author(s):  
Anja Danner-Schröder
Keyword(s):  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
The Other ◽  
Temporal Orientation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Event Structures ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Over Time

This article examines how events from the past, present, and future form into event structures over time. This question is addressed by investigating the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011 until the fifth anniversary in 2016. This allowed to analyze different events over time. The findings reveal that events can be used in two different ways. One process was meant to focus on events, whereas the other one backgrounded events. These different ways to use events revealed four different mechanisms of how event structures can be formed. Moreover, each mechanism has its own idiosyncratic temporal orientation toward either a nostalgic past, imagined future, “better” future or critical past. Second, the article contributes that the paradoxical ways of focusing on an event and backgrounding the very same event need to be embraced simultaneously to enable a greater sense of wholeness. Last, the article reveals multiple temporalities within and across temporal trajectories.

scholarly journals Early Warning Systems (E-Wars) Design for Early Detection of Stroke Incidence

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Feby Erawantini ◽  
Rinda Nurul Karimah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Stroke Risk Factor ◽  
Inference Mechanism ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Stroke Incidence

Stroke is a neurological disease whose occurrence increases from year to year and causes disability and death worldwide. Stroke is caused by many factors or multicausal. This was a qualitative study conducted for one year with system design using prototype method. The prototype method began with the identification of needs, mapping, and then inference mechanism. Identification of needs was based on the literature review and discussion. The literature review from 15 sources consisting of journal articles, books and proceedings was done by comparing, contrasting, criticizing, synthesizing and summarizing. Stroke risk factor discussion were carried out with neurologists. The results of the review and literature discussion found identification of factors that cause stroke, which consisted of hypertension, high blood glucose, cholesterol, heart disease, behavioral factors, such as smoking behavior and alcoholism, stress and other causes. The risk factors of stroke were then mapped in the form of mobile application prototype through inference mechanism. The output in this study was early warning systems (E-WARS) prototype for early detection of stroke occurrence. The prototype results were expected to be used in operations into mobile applications that were beneficial to the public, in particular for self-control and personal risk factors for stroke. It was intended for early screening and early detection of the risk of stroke.

scholarly journals Bayesian Exploration: Incentivizing Exploration in Bayesian Games

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yishay Mansour ◽  
Alex Slivkins ◽  
Vasilis Syrgkanis ◽  
Zhiwei Steven Wu
Keyword(s):  
Single Agent ◽  
The Other ◽  
Shared Environment ◽  
Social Planner ◽  
Exploration And Exploitation ◽  
Bayesian Games ◽  
Sources Of Uncertainty ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Over Time

In a wide range of recommendation systems, self-interested individuals (“agents”) make decisions over time, using information revealed by other agents in the past, and producing information that may help agents in the future. Each agent would like to exploit the best action given the current information but would prefer the previous agents to explore various alternatives to collect information. A social planner, by means of a well-designed recommendation policy, can incentivize the agents to balance exploration and exploitation in order to maximize social welfare or some other objective. The recommendation policy can be modeled as a multiarmed bandit algorithm under Bayesian incentivecompatibility (BIC) constraints. This line of work has received considerable attention in the “economics and computation” community. Although in prior work, the planner interacts with a single agent at a time, the present paper allows the agents to affect one another directly in a shared environment. The agents now face two sources of uncertainty: what is the environment, and what would the other agents do? We focus on “explorable” actions: those that can be recommended by some BIC policy. We show how the principal can identify and explore all such actions.

scholarly journals Open vs. Closed Sphincterotomy for Surgical Treatment of Anal Fissures

2021 ◽  
pp. 784-789
Author(s):  
Hisham Abdullah Almottowa ◽  
Hassan Hamdan Almohammadi ◽  
Hamzah Abdulaziz Alwehaimed ◽  
Osamah Salem Alsawat ◽  
Abdullah Sulaiman Alboseer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Treatment Choice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Open Approach ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Anal Fissures ◽  
Exact Etiology

There is currently no specific evidence regarding the exact etiology of anal fissures. However, various management options were reported and validated among the relevant research. Lateral internal sphincterotomy has been validated among relevant investigations in the literature as a valid modality for managing patients with chronic anal fissures. In the present literature review, we formulated evidence based on these studies to compare open and closed techniques of this surgery according to the reported outcomes. However, evidence regarding the superiority of either of the techniques over the other is not consistent among these investigations. For instance, some studies reported that closed sphincterotomy is more favorable than the open approach and should be considered the treatment choice for chronic anal fissures. This is because the technique is associated with less frequent rates of complications, less expensive, safe, and effective. On the other hand, many other relevant studies also demonstrated that the reported outcomes for the two modalities exhibited non-significant differences. Therefore, we suggest that researchers should furtherly conduct additional investigations before drawing any conclusions in this field.

The Comprehensive Narrative-Crisis Model of Suicide

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Affective Dysregulation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Suicidal Crisis ◽  
Static Risk ◽  
Over Time

The narrative crisis model of suicide posits that individuals attempt suicide when they experience a distinct emotional state termed the suicide crisis syndrome. This chapter describes the model, which has three components: trait vulnerability, suicidal narrative, and the suicidal crisis syndrome. Trait vulnerability includes all static risk factors, which are relatively stable over time and distal to acute suicidal behavior. Suicidal narrative describes a suicidal person’s perception of his or her life story in which the past has led to an intolerable present and a future that is unimaginable. The suicidal crisis syndrome (SCS) is a distinct emotional state characterized by entrapment, affective dysregulation, and loss of cognitive control. The result is the suicidal act, brought on by an emotional urge to end the intolerable mental pain of SCS. Imminent suicide risk is primarily determined by SCS intensity, to which both trait vulnerability and the suicidal narrative also contribute independently.

scholarly journals Cyber Resilience Progression Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7393
Author(s):  
Juan F. Carías ◽  
Saioa Arrizabalaga ◽  
Leire Labaka ◽  
Josune Hernantes
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Natural Evolution ◽  
The Past ◽  
Progression Model ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Natural Progression ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Over Time

Due to the hazardous current cyber environment, cyber resilience is more necessary than ever. Companies are exposed to an often-ignored risk of suffering a cyber incident. This places cyber incidents as one of the main risks for companies in the past few years. On the other hand, the literature meant to aid on the operationalization of cyber resilience is mostly focused on listing the policies required to operationalize it, but is often lacking on how to prioritize these actions and how to strategize their implementation. Therefore, the usage of the current literature in this state is not optimal for companies. Thus, this study proposes a progression model to help companies strategize and prioritize cyber resilience policies by proposing the natural evolution of the policies over time. To develop the model, this study used semi-structured interviews and an analysis of the data obtained from the interviews. Through this methodology, this study found the starting points for each cyber resilience policy and their natural progression over time. These results can help companies in their cyber resilience building process by giving them insights on how to strategize the implementation of the cyber resilience policies.

HEMORRAGIA PÓS-PARTO

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Pollyana de Cássia Macedo ◽  
Hanna Helena Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Postpartum Haemorrhage ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Therapeutic Management ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Maternal Mortality And Morbidity

RESUMO Introdução: A hemorragia pós-parto é a principal causa de morbimortalidade materna no mundo, sendo responsável por cerca de 25% do óbitos maternos mundiais, tratando-se, pois, de uma condição potencialmente grave e importante para a saúde pública. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura no banco de dados MEDLINE, PUBMED e SCIELO, selecionando artigos que tratavam principalmente do manejo, da prevenção e dos fatores de risco relacionados à hemorragia pós-parto. Resultados: O conhecimento dos fatores de risco, bem como o manejo ativo no terceiro período, com o uso de uterotônicos, clampeamento do cordão em tempo oportuno e tração controlada do cordão, são eficazes na redução da hemorragia pós-parto. A identificação de sinais e sintomas da hemorragia deve ser precoce para iniciar o manejo terapêutico, o qual divide-se em manutenção da estabilidade hemodinâmica e tratamento específico segundo a etiologia. Inicialmente é preferido o tratamento clínico, com fármacos e manobras, e em caso de falha terapêutica, o tratamento cirúrgico deve ser indicado e realizado o quanto antes. Conclusão: A redução da morbimortalidade por hemorragia pós-parto baseia-se em três pilares de atendimento: assistência pré-natal e durante o trabalho de parto de qualidade, manejo ativo no terceiro período e manejo terapêutico rápido e eficaz.   Palavras-chave: Hemorragia pós-parto; Prevenção; Fatores de risco; Manejo terapêutico; Trabalho de parto; Terceiro período. ABSTRACT Introduction: Postpartum haemorrhage is the main cause of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide, and its being responsible for nearly 25% of maternal deaths. Methods: The research was conducted through a literature review of MEDLINE, PUBMED and SCIELO database, and the articles were selected that discussed mainly about management, prophylaxis and risk factors related to postpartum haemorrhage. Results: The risk factors knowledge, as well as the active management in the Third Period, with uterotonics use, opportunal cord clampeament and controled cord traction are effective in reduce postpartum haemorrhage. The identification of the signs and symptons of haemorrhage is essential to iniciate the therapeutic management, which is divided in haemodynamic establizitation maintanace and especif treatment, directed towards the etiology. Inicially the clinical treatment is preferred, with the use of drugs and techiniques, and if therapeutic failure, surgical treatment must be indicated and early managed. Conclusion: Postpartum haemorrhage morbimortality reduction is based in three attendance pilars: antenatal, intrapartum and postpartum qualified assistance, active management of the third period and fast and effective therapeutic managem. Keywords: Postpartum haemorrhage; Prevention; Risk factors; Therapeutic management; Delivery; Third period.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document