scholarly journals MODERN WAYS OF USING ALTERNATIVE FUELS IN AUTOMOBILE DIESEL ENGINES

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (46) ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
Korpach A ◽  
◽  
Levkivskyi O ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Biodiesel Fuels

The article considers the current state and prospects for alternative fuels using in diesel engines of vehicles that are in operation. The object of study - alternative diesel fuels. The purpose of the work - determine the most efficient alternative fuel for automotive diesel engines that are in operation, with the aim of reducing the consumption of oil fuels and reducing emissions of harmful substances with exhaust gases. The research method - analytical. A number of groups of alternative fuels that can be used in automotive diesel engines are considered, the advantages and disadvantages of each group of fuels are analyzed. It has been established that alternative fuels derived from vegetable oils - biodiesel fuels - meet the most fully met requirements. Comparison of the effectiveness of biodiesel fuel from rapeseed, sunflower and soybean oil in terms of changes in fuel efficiency and toxicity of exhaust gases compared to diesel fuel of mineral origin. It has been established that the considered biodiesel fuels may be used in automotive diesel engines, which will reduce fuel consumption of petroleum origin. The use of biodiesel fuels, in addition, reduces environmental pollution by greenhouse and toxic exhaust gases. It has been established that when a diesel engine runs on biodiesel fuels, the content of the main harmful components in exhaust gases (mono-oxides of carbon, hydrocarbons, soot) decreases. To reduce the content of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases, it is necessary to reduce the initial injection advance angle. The results shown in the article can be used for further research on the alternative diesel fuels using effectiveness. KEYWORDS: ALTERNATIVE FUEL, DIESEL, BIODIESEL FUEL, ECOLOGY

scholarly journals COMBUSTION OF GASOLINE AND ETANOL MIXTURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (50) ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
KONIECZNY D ◽  
◽  
KRAWCZUK S ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Thermal Coefficient ◽  
Oxidizing Agent ◽  
Stoichiometric Mixture ◽  
Ethanol Fuel ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Fuel Mixtures

Thanks to the pressure of the Environmental Society, the priority of engine manufacturers is to reduce emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere and reduce fuel consumption while constantly increasing engine performance. One way to overcome the aforementioned technical and social problems is to use alcohols, natural or synthetic, such as ethanol to power engines. The objectives of manufacturers of alternative fuels is to provide consumers with the opportunity to use their product without changing the parameters of the main units in their vehicles, therefore the stoichiometry of the combustion of fuel mixtures is important, since this parameter can affect the amount of fuel burned, the quality of exhaust gases and the power of the internal combustion engine. Combustion in a car engine is exothermic, which means that a side effect of this chemical reaction is heat released into the environment. The condition for starting the combustion process is the thermal coefficient – for spark ignition engines – a spark, and for diesel engines – heat during compression of the fuel-air mixture. From the above it follows that after the oxidation reaction in the exhaust gases there should be no residual fuel particles, which in turn is an image of stoichiometric combustion. Since the stoichiometric mixture is very difficult to achieve outside laboratory conditions, a distinction is made between a non-greasy mixture (too much oxidizing agent) and a saturated mixture (too little oxidizing agent), but always strive to reach λ = 1, which corresponds to a stoichiometric mixture. The heavy weight when working with ethanol fuel is the one that affects the operation of the engine and its components. Therefore, it is important to compare the physicochemical data of gasoline and ethanol, as well as mixed fuel – E85. The article deals with the stoichiometry of combustion of an alternative fuel - a mixture of gasoline and ethanol. The economic and environmental conditions that initiated the production of this type of fuel were taken into account, the fuel mixtures were divided according to the content of fuel and oxidants in the combustion chamber. Attention is drawn to the determination of the stoichiometric mixture, as well as to the lambda coefficient (λ), which helps to determine the type of mixture. The properties of gasoline (in the form of iso-octane) and ethanol are described in separate sections and each is compared. One chapter is devoted to the description of the E85 mixture used in Flexi Fuel Vehicles engines, the requirements for this fuel are determined by the Minister of Economy on the requirements for the quality of biofuels, and attention is also paid to the effect of the mixture on the operation of the engine and the content of chemical compounds in the exhaust using E85 biofuel. It has been established that ethanol fuel (in particular E100) is undoubtedly a step forward in terms of ecology, transport economics and the development of alternative fuels. However, its physicochemical properties cause many problems in engine operation. Despite the improvement in the net power generated by the engine, it should be remembered that for the current mechanical parts and their materials, this is a “problem” mixture that requires frequent and accurate diagnostics and calibration. KEY WORDS: STOICHIOMETRIC MIXTURE, COMBUSTION, MIXTURE OF GASOLINE AND ETHANOL, ALTERNATIVE FUEL, IMPROVEMENT OF THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES OF THE ENGINE.

scholarly journals A Review of Early Injection Strategy in Premixed Combustion Engines

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 3737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingyu Liang ◽  
Zhiwei Zheng ◽  
Hongsheng Zhang ◽  
Yuesen Wang ◽  
Hanzhengnan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Injection Strategy ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Injection Parameters ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Early Injection

Due to the increasing awareness of environmental protection, limitations on exhaust emissions of diesel engines have become increasingly stringent. This challenges diesel engine manufacturers to find a new balance between engine performance and emissions. Advanced combustion modes for diesel engines, such as homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) and premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI), which can simultaneously reduce exhaust emissions and substantially improve thermal efficiency, have drawn increasing attention. In order to allow enough time to prepare the homogeneous mixture, the early injection strategy has been utilized widely in HCCI and PCCI diesel engines. This paper is aimed at providing a comprehensive review of the effects of early injection parameters on the performance and emissions of HCCI and PCCI engines fueled by both diesel and alternative fuels. Various early injection parameters, including injection pressure, injection timing, and injection angle, are discussed. In addition, the effect of the blending ratio of alternative fuels is also summarized. Every change in parameters has its own advantages and disadvantages, which are explained in detail in order to help researchers choose the best early injection parameters for HCCI and PCCI engines.

scholarly journals The Impact of Biodiesel Fuel on Ethanol/Diesel Blends

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nawar Al-Esawi ◽  
Mansour Al Qubeissi ◽  
Ruslana Kolodnytska
Keyword(s):  
Cetane Number ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Discrete Component ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Lower Heating Value ◽  
Biodiesel Fuels ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

The interest in biofuels was stimulated by the fossil fuel depletion and global warming. This work focuses on the impact of biodiesel fuel on ethanol/diesel (ED) fuel blends. The soybean methyl ester was used as a representative composition of typical biodiesel fuels. The heating and evaporation of ethanol–biodiesel–diesel (EBD) blends were investigated using the Discrete–Component (DC) model. The Cetane Number (CN) of the EBD blends was predicted based on the individual hydrocarbon contributions in the mixture. The mixture viscosity was predicted using the Universal Quasi-Chemical Functional group Activity Coefficients and Viscosity (UNIFAC–VISCO) method, and the lower heating value of the mixture was predicted based on the volume fractions and density of species and blends. Results revealed that a mixture of up to 15% biodiesel, 5% ethanol, and 80% diesel fuels had led to small variations in droplet lifetime, CN, viscosity, and heating value of pure diesel, with less than 1.2%, 0.2%, 2%, and 2.2% reduction in those values, respectively.

scholarly journals Performance of a diesel engine running on mixed biofuels with the addition of gasoline

2019 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 11004
Author(s):  
Vladimir Markov ◽  
Vyacheslav Kamaltdinov ◽  
Larisa Bykovskaya ◽  
Bowen Sa
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Exhaust Gases

The significance of the paper is confirmed by the need to replace petroleum motor fuels with fuels produced from alternative energy sources. Biofuels derived from various vegetable resources are considered as promising alternative fuels for diesel engines. These fuels offer significant advantages with respect to the renewability of their raw materials and good emission performances when burned in ICEs. The main problem of using vegetable oils as biofuels for diesel engines is their high viscosity. This problem can be resolved by using mixed biofuels with the addition of gasoline. The analysis of physico-chemical properties of petroleum diesel fuel (DF) and mixed biofuels containing petroleum DF, rapeseed oil (RO) and AI-80 automotive gasoline was conducted. Experimental studies of the D-245.12S diesel fuelled with these mixed fuels were carried out. The mixed fuels were prepared from 80% DF + 20% RO, from 75% DF + 20% RO + 5% AI-80, and from 70% DF + 20% RO + 10% AI-80. It was shown that the addition of gasoline to mixed biofuels could improve two main toxicity indicators of exhaust gases exhaust gases smoke and emissions of nitrogen oxides. The best emission performance was achieved for the mixture of 70% DF, 20% RO and 10% AI-80. When the diesel engine was switched from the mixture of 80% DF and 20% RO to the mixture of 70% DF, 20% RO and 10% AI-80, the exhaust gases smoke at maximum torque mode decreased from 17.5 to 14.5% on the Hartridge scale, i.e. by 17.1%. The specific emissions of nitrogen oxides decreased from 6.559 to 6.154 g/(kW·h), i.e. by 6.2%.

scholarly journals Impact of physical properties of mixture of diesel and biodiesel fuels on hydrodynamic characteristics of fuel injection system

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-153
Author(s):  
Ivan Filipovic ◽  
Boran Pikula ◽  
Goran Kepnik
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Fuel Injection System ◽  
Biodiesel Fuels

One of the alternative fuels, originating from renewable sources, is biodiesel fuel, which is introduced in diesel engines without major construction modifications on the engine. Biodiesel fuel, by its physical and chemical properties, is different from diesel fuel. Therefore, it is expected that by the application of a biodiesel fuel, the characteristic parameters of the injection system will change. These parameters have a direct impact on the process of fuel dispersion into the engine cylinder, and mixing with the air, which results in an impact on the quality of the combustion process. Method of preparation of the air-fuel mixture and the quality of the combustion process directly affect the efficiency of the engine and the level of pollutant emissions in the exhaust gas, which today is the most important criterion for assessing the quality of the engine. The paper presents a detailed analysis of the influence of physical properties of a mixture of diesel and biodiesel fuels on the output characteristics of the fuel injection system. The following parameters are shown: injection pressure, injection rate, the beginning and duration of injection, transformation of potential into kinetic energy of fuel and increase of energy losses in fuel injection system of various mixtures of diesel and biodiesel fuels. For the analysis of the results a self-developed computer program was used to simulate the injection process in the system. Computational results are verified using the experiment, for a few mixtures of diesel and biodiesel fuels. This paper presents the verification results for diesel fuel and biodiesel fuel in particular.

Influence of 1-Butanol Additives on Palm Biodiesel Fuel Characteristics and Low Temperature Flow Properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 465-466 ◽  
pp. 130-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obed M. Ali ◽  
Rizalman Mamat ◽  
Che Ku M. Faizal
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel

Diesel engines are widely used in almost all professions and cannot be dispensed with in the near future. Now the fossil fuels which are mainly used in diesel engines are depleting continually accompanied by increasing consumption and prices, there is the need to find alternative fuel to fulfil the worlds energy demand. Alternative fuels like biodiesel, are being used as effective alternative for diesel. The feasibility of biodiesel production from palm oil was investigated with respect to its fuel properties. Though biodiesel can replace diesel satisfactorily, problems related to fuel properties persist. In this study an oxygenated additive 1-butanol (BU) was blended with palm oil biodiesel (POME) in the ratios of 1%, 3%, 5% and 7% and tested for their properties improvement. These blends were tested for energy content and various fuel properties according to ASTM standards. Qualifying of the effect of additive on palm biodiesel fuel properties can serve the researchers who work on biodiesel fuels to indicate the fuel suitability for diesel engines according to fuel standards. Blends of BU in POME resulted in an improvement in acid value, viscosity, density and pour point with increasing content of BU in the blend. Further improvement in the pour point temperature of the palm oil methyl esters 1-butanol blends (B-BU) at 7°C can be achieved by adding 7% BU additive to POME, accompanied by 8.07% decrease in energy content of biodiesel.

scholarly journals Fischer-Tropsch Diesel and Biofuels Exergy and Energy Analysis for Low Emissions Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5958
Author(s):  
Felipe Andrade Torres ◽  
Omid Doustdar ◽  
Jose Martin Herreros ◽  
Runzhao Li ◽  
Robert Poku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Exergetic Analysis ◽  
New Generation

This research investigates the effects of a synthetic diesel-like fuel (Fischer-Tropsch diesel) and biofuels (ethanol and biodiesel) fuel blends on the energy-exergy efficiencies and gaseous exhaust emissions characteristics of a compression ignition engine. Two blends of alternative fuels denoted as E15B35FTD50 (15% ethanol, 35% biodiesel, and 50% Fischer-Tropsch diesel) and E15B35D50 (15% ethanol, 35% biodiesel, and 50% diesel) were experimentally studied on a single-cylinder diesel engine and compared to diesel fuel. The results show that the energetic and the exergetic efficiencies of the alternative fuels are comparable to those of the engine fueled with diesel fuel. The unburnt HC, NO, N2O, and NH3 emissions were reduced for the two alternative fuel blends compared to diesel, while CO emissions increased. The light HC species were found to slightly increase for the alternative fuel blends in comparison with diesel fuel. However, the total HC was considerably reduced by the combustion of E15B35FTD50 not only when compared to the diesel fuel combustion, but also when compared to E15B35D50. Overall, these results may contribute to identifying advantages and limitations in terms of energetic-exergetic analysis and emissions for the new generation of conventional diesel and hybrid electric vehicles that aim to achieve future emissions regulations.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Combustibility of Fuels for Marine Diesel Engines

2021 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
D. V. Nelyubov ◽  
◽  
L. P. Semihina ◽  
M. I. Fahrutdinov ◽  
A. N. Komersan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Calculating Method ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Quality Indexes

There were studied the influence of composition of foreign marine fuels on its quality indexes which estimate the combustibility and combustion efficiency of this fuels in the marine reciprocators. It was found that using the high-density fuels in the engines of marine technique, which specified for exploitation on the automotive diesel fuels, can be the cause of decreasing the combustion efficiency, increasing of smokiness of exhaust gases and facility of technique’s failure. Using of methyl esters of fatty acids in the marine fuel’s composition in concentrations until 1 mass percent influents positively on combustibility and combustion efficiency. This result in the aggregate of results of other researches of influence these concentrations of FAME on the emulsification and lubricity of marine fuels follows to possibility of its short-time using marine technique. Experimentally proved the necessity of offered calculating method which estimates the combustion efficiency and combustibility of marine fuels. It was found that this method is more adequate and sensitive for estimation of those properties of heavy marine diesel fuels and petroleum diesel fuels with the FAME contention then the method of estimation of Cetane Index (GOST 27768).

scholarly journals Investigation of parameters of mixing and heat formation of diesel engines in the process of using alternative fuels

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
V. M. Melnyk ◽  
M. M. Liakh ◽  
M. M. Synoverskyi
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Opening Angle ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
The Core ◽  
Engine Power

Today in Ukraine and the world there is a growing shortage of commercial fuels for engines. This is due to the tendency to regulate the production of hydrocarbons, which is the main raw material for their production. Therefore, in order to reduce oil imports, alternative fuels for diesel engines based on oils and animal fats are be-coming more widespread today. In this regard, intensive work is underway to convert internal combustion engines to biofuels in countries with limited fuel and energy resources, as well as in highly developed countries that have the ability to purchase liquid energy. Biodiesel fuel (biodiesel, RME, RME, FAME, EMAG, etc.) is an environmentally friendly type of biofuel obtained from vegetable and animal fats and used to replace petroleum diesel fuel. In the process of using RME B100 biodiesel fuel on the Renault 2.5 DCI engine, the average diameter of the fuel droplets is increased and the flare opening angle is reduced. This leads to impaired fuel distribution in the areas of the spray torch. Only 50% of the fuel is in the jet shell, which leads to impaired mixing of fuel with air. In the core of the wall there is 18% of fuel, which will spread along the walls and mix poorly with air. The remaining 36% of the fuel will be in the core of the jet, the front of the free jet and the areas of intersection of the near-wall streams, and will partially participate in the mixing. The use of biodiesel fuel RME B100 leads to a delay of heat by 18-20 degrees of rotation of the crankshaft, which will increase fuel consumption and reduce engine power. Thus, according to studies of the Renault 2.5 DCI engine on commercial and biodiesel RME B100, it is established that the use of biodiesel leads to a deterioration of the mixture due to reduced heat and as a result increases fuel consumption, reducing engine power.

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