scholarly journals Analisis Potensi Interaksi Obat Pada Resep Spesialis Penyakit Kulit di Salah Satu Klinik di Yogyakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Anis Febri Nilansari
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Medical Data ◽  
Drug Combinations ◽  
Drug Selection ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
Special Circumstances ◽  
The City ◽  
Yogyakarta City

Skin diseases often occur in tropical countries, including Indonesia. Data from the Yogyakarta City Health Office showed that skin diseases were included in the top 10 diseases at the Yogyakarta City Health Center in 2020. Various types of drugs for the treatment of skin diseases, ranging from tablets, ointments, creams, pulvis and shampoos. One of the accuracy in drug selection is to avoid drug interactions. Drug-drug interaction (DDI) occurs when two or more drugs can interact in a way that affects the effectiveness of the drug. The purpose of this study is to determine the number and categories of drug interactions. This research was carried out retrospectively by taking medical data on skin diseases at one of the skin and genital clinics in the city of Yogyakarta. The data collection period is for 2 months, namely September and October 2020. The data taken are in the form of demographic data and drug use. The results showed that there were 33 cases of minor interactions. There were 21 cases of loratadine and steroids, 2 cases of ketoconazole and steroid interactions, and 10 cases of cefadroxil and acyclovir interactions. The conclusion is that offering drug combinations that allow drug interactions to occur can avoid drug combinations taken simultaneously and use only in special circumstances. It is recommended that pharmacists provide information on the rules for taking medication to maximize the effectiveness of the drug in curing the patient's illness.

scholarly journals Clinical diagnosis of 80 cases of dementia in a university hospital

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Teles Vieira ◽  
Norami de Moura Barros ◽  
Leonardo Caixeta ◽  
Sergio Machado ◽  
Adriana Cardoso Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Lewy Body Dementia ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
State Examination

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to estimate the prevalence of dementia subtypes and to assess the socio-demographic data of patients attending the outpatient clinic of dementia at Hospital das Clínicas from January 2008 to December 2009, in the city of Goiânia-GO, Brazil. METHODS: Procedures provided for diagnosis included physical and neurological examination, laboratory tests, neuroimaging and DSM-IV. The functional capacity and level of cognitive deficit were assessed by Pfeffer Functional Activities Questionnaire (Pfeffer-FAQ) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), respectively. RESULTS: Eighty patients met the criteria for dementia. The mean age was 63.48 (± 16.85) years old, the schooling was 3.30 (± 3.59) years old, the MMSE was 13.89 (± 7.79) and Pfeffer 17.73 (± 9.76). The Vascular Dementia (VD; 17.5%) was the most frequent cause of dementia, followed by Lewy body dementia (LBD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) (12.25%). CONCLUSION: Considering entire sample and only the elderly over 60 years, VD, AD and LBD are the most common subtypes observed at both groups. Further epidemiological studies are necessary to confirm such rates, which may have a considerable impact on the organization and planning of healthcare services in our country.

scholarly journals Mapping the risk for transmission of urban schistosomiasis in the Brazilian Northeast

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emília Carolle Azevedo De Oliveira ◽  
Iris Edna Pereira Da Silva ◽  
Ricardo José Ferreira ◽  
Ricardo José de Paula Souza e Guimarães ◽  
Elainne Christine de Souza Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Kernel Density ◽  
Map Algebra ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Snail Intermediate Host ◽  
Basic Sanitation ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Brazilian Northeast ◽  
The City

This is an analysis of the risk of schistosomiasis transmission in the city of Recife in the Northeast of Brazil based on the number of schistosomiasis cases (Schistosoma mansoni) registered for the period 2007-2017 together with data resulting from active search of breeding sites of the Biomphalaria snail intermediate host. The analyses were performed using Kernel Density Estimation (KDE), SaTScan and Map Algebra methodology using human socio-demographic data and biotic and abiotic data from the snail breeding sites. Investigating 44 breeding sites resulted in a total of 3.800 snails, 31.8% of which were positive for S. mansoni DNA. These data were considered in relation to total of 652 schistosomiasis cases. The KDE showed two high-risk and two medium-risk clusters, while three significant clusters were identified by SaTScan. Combining these data with the Map Algebra methodology showed that all high-risk neighbourhoods had breeding sites with snails positive for S. mansoni. It was concluded that schistosomiasis transmission cannot be controlled without basic sanitation and sewage management in the presence of Biomphalaria snails. The technique of Map Algebra was found to be fundamental for the analysis and demonstration of areas with a high probability of schistosomiasis transmission.

scholarly journals Urban soil assessment caused by heavy metals contamination in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 851 (1) ◽  
pp. 012026
Author(s):  
A T Sekarningsih ◽  
W Budianta ◽  
I W Warmada ◽  
H Hinode
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
City Center ◽  
Urban City ◽  
Heavy Metals Contamination ◽  
The City ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Yogyakarta City

Abstract The effect of urbanization and industrialization in the urban city is soil contamination by heavy metals. This study was conducted to assess Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd, in the soil of Yogyakarta city and its surrounding, Indonesia. The assessment was done by analyzing 45 surface soil samples in the study area, divided into three-zone. They are divided based on the distance of each zone to the center of the city. The zone III is located in the outermost of the study area, and zone I is inside the city. The results of the study showed that generally, the highest concentration of metals was located in zone I, which is located near or directly situated in a city center. The result indicated that Pb and Cd had the highest pollution index compared to Cu and Zn. The pollition load indeks (PLI) and geoaccumulation indeks (Igeo) calculations in the whole study area showed that the values demonstrated a moderate class in average. Special attention was needed to be given to the zone I, which has a higher PLI and Igeo index to reduce the source of emission for Pb and Cd.

scholarly journals Analysis of Factors Causing Appearance of Food Hypersensitivity in Toddlers

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
O. I. Matsyura ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Food Hypersensitivity ◽  
Pathogenetic Mechanisms ◽  
The Family ◽  
The City

Food hypersensitivity is a reaction to the food consumed, regardless of the pathogenetic mechanisms that cause the symptoms. It is an actual and controversial problem in pediatric practice. Nowadays there is an active search for the causes of disease progression, a large role is given to the study of genetic and external factors (food, environmental, social). This disease arises many questions due to the similarity of the clinical representation in different kinds of food hypersensitivity and in different pathogenetic mechanisms, which are involved. The purpose of the study is to perform the analysis of factors, which cause appearance of food hypersensitivity in toddlers. Materials and methods. A study of the number of children with food intolerance was conducted using a specially compiled questionnaire. Thus, 4,500 questionnaires were distributed in pre-school and medical establishments to question parents. Results and discussion. Analysis of 3,214 questionnaires was conducted, which enabled to obtain information from parents on anamnesis and living conditions of toddlers. Values of 56 factors were analyzed, calculating correlation coefficients with a formation of food hypersensitivity for each of them. Statistical analysis allowed distinguishing 15 signs among these factors, which significantly correlated with the formation of food hypersensitivity in young children. The investigation enabled not only to detect factors that affect formation of food hypersensitivity in young children, but also to suggest a mathematical model of individual calculation of risk factors for this pathology. Data of conducted mathematical analysis can be used for elaboration of a complex of prophylaxis measures on development of food hypersensitivity in toddlers. Conclusion. The formation of hypersensitivity to cow's milk in children is provoked by the presence of contact reactions in the child, adverse reactions after medication, positive family history (bronchial asthma in relatives, skin diseases in parents (father and / or mother)), smoking in the family, living in the city; at the same time, preventive factors are living in an apartment, in a new building, in a dry apartment. The formation of food hypersensitivity in young children is generally provoked by a positive family history (bronchial asthma, hay fever, urticaria, diseases of the stomach and duodenum in relatives, skin diseases in parents), smoking in the family; frequent consumption of food in a mass catering points; living in the city plays a preventive role

scholarly journals Nutritional status and haemoglobin levels of pregnant adolescent girls in the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-110
Author(s):  
Tihnje Abena Mbah ◽  
Agatha K.N. Tanya ◽  
Julius Oben
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Adolescent Pregnancy ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Taux D’Hémoglobine ◽  
Pour Cent ◽  
The City

Recently, there has been so much attention on adolescent health issues such as adolescent pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, and Human Immune Virus infections but adolescent pregnancy and nutrition have aroused very little interest. This cross-sectional study was carried out to evaluate the nutritional status of adolescents aged 15 to 19 years in the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon. Three referral hospitals were selected at random for the recruitment of subjects in Yaoundé. Body Mass Index (BMI), hemoglobin level, a 24-hour recall, food frequency and socio–demographic data were collected using a pretested questionnaire. Hemoglobin level and BMI were used as dependent variables to evaluate nutritional status. The data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0 (ANOVA and student (t) test) with p <0.05. Sixty-two percent (62%) of subjects had a normal BMI, 28 % were overweight, and 10% were obese. Based on ANOVA analysis, Meal frequency, diet quality and the term of pregnancy had significant effect on BMI (p = 0.003<0.05). Diet quality had a significant effect on hemoglobin levels (p = 0.003<0.05). The term of pregnancy, especially at the third trimester, significantly affected BMI due to foetus additional weight. Thus, nutritional status depends on the quantity and quality of food intake. RésuméRécemment, on a accordé tant d’attention aux problèmes de santé des adolescents tels que la grossesse chez les adolescentes, les infections sexuellement transmissibles et les infections à virus immunitaire humain, mais la grossesse et la nutrition des adolescentes ont suscité très peu d’intérêt. Cette étude transversale a été réalisée pour évaluer l’état nutritionnel des adolescents âgés de 15 à 19 ans dans la ville de Yaoundé, au Cameroun. Trois hôpitaux de référence ont été sélectionnés au hasard pour le recrutement des sujets à Yaoundé. L’indice de masse corporelle (IMC), le taux d’hémoglobine, un rappel de 24 heures, la fréquence d’alimentations et les données sociodémographiques ont été recueillis à l’aide d’un questionnaire prétesté. Les taux d’hémoglobine et l’IMC ont été utilisés comme variables dépendantes pour évaluer l’état nutritionnel. Les données ont été analysées en utilisant SPSS 17,0 (ANOVA et test de Student (t)) avec p <0,05. Soixante-deux pour cent (62%) des sujets avaient un IMC normal, 28% étaient en surpoids et 10% étaient obèses. Sur la base d’une analyse ANOVA, la fréquence des repas, la qualité du régime alimentaire et la durée de la grossesse ont eu un effet significatif sur l’IMC (p = 0,003 <0,05). La qualité de l’alimentation avait un effet significatif sur les taux d’hémoglobine (p = 0,003 <0,05). La durée de la grossesse, en particulier au troisième trimestre, a considérablement affecté l’IMC en raison du poids supplémentaire du foetus. Ainsi, l’état nutritionnel dépend de la quantité et de la qualité de l’apport alimentaire.

scholarly journals GIS-BASED INFECTIOUS DISEASE DATA MANAGEMENT ON A CITY SCALE, CASE STUDY OF ST. PETERSBURG, RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B3-2020 ◽  
pp. 1463-1467
Author(s):  
I. Kuznetsov ◽  
E. Panidi ◽  
A. Kolesnikov ◽  
P. Kikin ◽  
V. Korovka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Medical Data ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Medical Infrastructure ◽  
Availability Assessment ◽  
The City

Abstract. Medical geography and medical cartography can be denoted as classical application domains for Geographical Information Systems (GISs). GISs can be applied to retrospective analysis (e.g., human population health analysis, medical infrastructure development and availability assessment, etc.), and to operative disaster detection and management (e.g., monitoring of epidemics development and infectious diseases spread). Nevertheless, GISs still not a daily-used instrument of medical administrations, especially on the city and municipality scales. In different regions of the world situation varies, however in general case GIS-based medical data accounting and management is the object of interest for researchers and national administrations operated on global and national scales. Our study is focused onto the investigation and design of the methodology and software prototype for GIS-based support of medical administration and planning on a city scale when accounting and controlling infectious diseases. The study area is the administrative territory of the St. Petersburg (Russia). The study is based upon the medical statistics data and data collection system of the St. Petersburg city. All the medical data used in the study are impersonalized accordingly to the Russian laws.

scholarly journals Prevalence of skin diseases in children 1 to 6 years old in the city of Bogota, Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 100484
Author(s):  
Elizabeth García ◽  
Evelyne Halpert ◽  
Elizabeth Borrero ◽  
Milciades Ibañez ◽  
Pablo Chaparro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
The City

scholarly journals Potential drug-drug interactions in the psychiatric hospital: Frequency analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Oleg O. Kirilochev ◽  
Inna P. Dorfman ◽  
Adelya R. Umerova ◽  
Svetlana E. Bataeva
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatient ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Drug Combinations ◽  
Drug Prescriptions ◽  
Inpatient Setting ◽  
Potential Drug ◽  
Important Clinical Problem

Introduction: Drug-drug interactions are an important clinical problem in pharmacotherapy. This study is focused on different types of drugs used in a psychiatric hospital. Materials and methods: The pharmacoepidemiological study included the analysis of medical records of 500 psychiatric inpatients. The patients were divided into 2 groups: under 65 and over 65 years of age. All the drug prescriptions were analyzed to identify the combinations of drugs that can induce drug-drug interactions and determine their clinical significance. Results and discussion: Over 77% of hospitalized patients were administered drug combinations that could induce drug-drug interactions, most of which were of moderate clinical significance. A reliable association was found between the patient’s age, the clinical significance of drug-drug interactions, and the pharmacotherapy structure. The most common irrational drug combinations were identified. Conclusion: Timely analysis of drug prescriptions for potential drug-drug interactions can enhance the safety of pharmacotherapy and decrease the risk of adverse drug reactions in the psychiatric inpatient setting.

scholarly journals Drug combinations as effective anti-leishmanials against drug resistant Leishmania mexicana

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 905-912
Author(s):  
Humera Ahmed ◽  
Charlotte R. Curtis ◽  
Sara Tur-Gracia ◽  
Toluwanimi O. Olatunji ◽  
Katharine C. Carter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Resistant Cell ◽  
Drug Combinations ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Leishmania Mexicana

Synergistic and antagonist drug interactions of drug combinations against Leishmania drug sensitive and resistant cell lines.

scholarly journals Model-Informed Drug Discovery and Development Strategy for the Rapid Development of Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Combinations

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob C. van Wijk ◽  
Rami Ayoun Alsoud ◽  
Hans Lennernäs ◽  
Ulrika S. H. Simonsson
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Drug Combinations ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Modeling ◽  
Drug Discovery And Development

The increasing emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis requires new effective and safe drug regimens. However, drug discovery and development are challenging, lengthy and costly. The framework of model-informed drug discovery and development (MID3) is proposed to be applied throughout the preclinical to clinical phases to provide an informative prediction of drug exposure and efficacy in humans in order to select novel anti-tuberculosis drug combinations. The MID3 includes pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic and quantitative systems pharmacology models, machine learning and artificial intelligence, which integrates all the available knowledge related to disease and the compounds. A translational in vitro-in vivo link throughout modeling and simulation is crucial to optimize the selection of regimens with the highest probability of receiving approval from regulatory authorities. In vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling provide powerful tools to predict pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions based on preclinical information. Mechanistic or semi-mechanistic pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic models have been successfully applied to predict the clinical exposure-response profile for anti-tuberculosis drugs using preclinical data. Potential pharmacodynamic drug-drug interactions can be predicted from in vitro data through IVIVC and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling accounting for translational factors. It is essential for academic and industrial drug developers to collaborate across disciplines to realize the huge potential of MID3.

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